LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS

“It takes a revolution….

WHAT WERE THE PROBLEMS?

to make a solution….”

- Bob Marley

Causes of Revolutions

1. Enlightenment Ideas writings of John Locke, Voltaire, & Jean Rousseau; Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine.

2. Creole discontent at being left out of government jobs and trade concessions.

3. Inspiration of American and French Revolutions.

4. Preoccupation of Spain & Portugal in fighting the Napoleonic Wars.

SOCIAL HIERARCHY

P

C

M & M

I & A

Peninsulares:Native Spaniards

Creoles:People of pureEuropean bloodBut born in theNew World

Mestizos: Indian +European blood

Mulattos:African +European blood

Indians and AfricansCAUSES

LEADERS

Bolivar

LEADERS

L’Ouverture

LEADERS

SANMARTIN

LEADERS

MORELOS

LEADERS

HIDALGO

TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE

Lead revolution in

Saint Domingue Ended slaveryBegan revolution that would free St. Domingue from

French controlDeveloped new nation - Haiti

SIMON BOLIVAR

* Called the “George Washington of South America.”

* Freed territories of modern day Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia

* Plan for a federated Latin America was crushed by political in-fighting.

* Elite Creole planter Military General

LEADERS

JOSE DE SAN MARTIN* Creole officer who had trained in European armies.

* Freed Argentina from Spanish control.

* Met with Bolivar in Guayaquil in 1822. Bolivar favored democracy, San Martin favored monarchy. Turned over command.

* Died in obscurity in Europe.

LEADERS

MIGUEL HIDALGO

* Highly educated Creole priest assigned to town of Dolores.

• September 16, 1810: El Grito de Dolores. Hidalgo rang the church bell and called on the members to take up arms against the Spanish.

* Led a rag-tag army toward Mexico City, unleashing mass slaughter of peninsulares in path.

* Never made it to the capital -- Captured and shot in 1811.

LEADERS

JOSE MORELOS

*Mestizo Priest who took over from Hidalgo.

* Established a congress which:

*Created a declaration of rights

*Abolished slavery

*Declared equality of classes

* Much more successful general

*Captured and executed in December 1815

SUMMARY BEFORE AFTER

POLITICALECONOMIC

SOCIAL

Dictatorship of the Council of the Indies and the Viceroys

Dictatorship of the Caudillos

Unequal trade relationship with Spain benefiting

Unequal trade relationship with Great Britain and the

U.S. benefiting

Native Spaniards at the top of the social ladder,

followed by creoles, and with the rest of the

population at the bottom

Creoles at the top of the ladder with the rest of the population at the bottom.

Miguel Hidalgo – unlikely revolutionaryFather Miguel Hidalgo entered history on September 16, 1810, when he took to his pulpit in the small town of

Dolores, Mexico, and declared that he was taking up arms against the Spanish…and that those present were welcome to join him. Thus began Mexico’s struggle for Independence from Spain, which Father Miguel would not live to see to fruition. Here are ten facts about the revolutionary priest who kicked off Mexico’s Independence.

Born in 1753, Father Miguel was already in his mid-fifties when he issued his famous Cry of Dolores. He was by then a distinguished priest, well-versed in theology and religion and a pillar of the Dolores community. He certainly didn't fit the modern stereotype of a wild-eyed, young revolutionary angry at the world!

Father Miguel was a far better revolutionary than priest. His promising academic career was derailed by his introduction of liberal ideas into his teaching curriculum and for misuse of money entrusted to him while teaching at the seminary. While a parish priest, he preached that there was no Hell.

Use the passage above to answer the following questions:

1. In what city did the Revolution start? ________________________________

2. Did Father Miguel live to see the Revolution become successful?___________

3. How old was Father Miguel when the Revolution started? A. 40s b. 50s c. 60s

4. His liberal ideas made him better at being what? A. A Revolutionary b. A Priest

5. Name 2 reasons why he was not a good priest. ____________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

True or False

6. He was a good member of the community before the Revolution.________________

7. He was always a great priest.____________________

8. He lived in Mexico but wanted to fight the Spanish. _______________

9. Father Miquel was a smart priest. _________________

10. Father Miguel was a typical revolutionary._______________________

SOCIAL HIERARCHYuse your notes to fill in the pyramid below based on the social classes in Latin

America before the Revolution

P

C

M M

I A

Latin American Revolutionaries Poster Project/Presentation/ Q&A

• (5 points) Name of the Revolutionary as your TITLE

• (5 points) Picture of the Revolutionary

• (25 points) 5 Facts about the Revolutionary (use your notes and book for this information)

• (25 points) Why did you chose this person (use your notes and book…this is your personal opinion).

• (15 points) 3 other pictures that relate to this person (you decide what represents this person and add pictures)

• (5 points) YOUR NAME

• (10 points) CREATIVITY – how much work did you put into this project to make it good??

• (100 points) You will do a presentation on this person in class on Friday! Be sure you have enough information on your poster to discuss and answer questions!!

• (10 points) QUESTIONS – come up with 5 questions about your revolutionary. After your presentation, you will give your questions to the class and they will answer the questions for a grade. You will grade them and submit them. Be ready!

Latin American Revolutionaries Poster Project: Example

1. Creole Priest

2. Not successful

3. Raid on Mexico City

4. Shot in 1811

5. Never made it to Mexico City

By: Jane Doe & John Doe

• I/We like Miguel Hidalgo because ______________

_______________