Latitude

Gives north-south location relative to the Equator

Longitude

Gives east-west location relative to specified meridian

Dab = sin(lat a).sin(lat b) + cos (lat a).cos(lat b).cos |lng a - lng b|

The Mercator ProjectionThe Mercator Projectiona cylindrical projection with

one standard parallel at the Equatora cylindrical projection with

one standard parallel at the Equator

The TransverseMercator Projection

The TransverseMercator Projection

a transverse cylindrical projectionwith one standard parallel along

a specified meridian

a transverse cylindrical projectionwith one standard parallel along

a specified meridian

Used as the base forzones with an north-south

orientation in the StatePlane Coordinate System

(SPC) and all zones inthe Universal TransverseMercator System (UTM)

Used as the base forzones with an north-south

orientation in the StatePlane Coordinate System

(SPC) and all zones inthe Universal TransverseMercator System (UTM)

Lambert’s Conformal ConicLambert’s Conformal Conica conic projection

with two standard parallelsa conic projection

with two standard parallels

Used as the base forzones with an east-west

orientation in the State Plane Coordinate

System (SPC)

Used as the base forzones with an east-west

orientation in the State Plane Coordinate

System (SPC)

Meridian(72.5 degrees west longitude)

Meridian(72.5 degrees west longitude)

False EastingFalse Easting 500,000 meters500,000 meters0000 Easting (X)Easting (X)

No

rth

ing

(Y

)N

ort

hin

g (

Y)

State Plane Coordinate Zone for VermontState Plane Coordinate Zone for Vermont

Base Line(42.5 degrees north latitude)

Base Line(42.5 degrees north latitude)

Equator

South

Pole

NorthPole

(500, 000 meterswest of the

central me ridan)

84 Northo

80 Southo

E q u a t o r

8 4 N o r t ho

Easting (X)

Nor

thin

g (Y

)

The UTM Coordinate SystemThe UTM Coordinate System