Law Commission Report No. 227- Preventing Bigamy via Conversion to Islam - A Proposal for Giving Statutory Effect to Supreme Court Rulings

8/19/2019 Law Commission Report No. 227- Preventing Bigamy via Conversion to Islam - A Proposal for Giving Statutory Eff…

1/42

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

LAW

COMMISSION

OF

INDIA

Preventing Bigamy via Conversion to Isam ! A

Pro"osa #or giving Stat$tory E##e%t to S$"reme

Co$rt R$ings

Re"ort No& ''(

A$g$st '))*

LatestLaws.com


2/42

LatestLaws.com

T+E LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA

,REPORT NO& ''(-

Preventing Bigamy via Conversion to Isam ! A

Pro"osa #or giving Stat$tory E##e%t to S$"reme

Co$rt R$ings

For.ar/e/ to t0e 1nion Minister o# La. an/ 2$sti%e3

Ministry o# La. an/ 2$sti%e3 Government o# In/ia 4y Dr&

2$sti%e AR& La5s0manan3 C0airman3 La. Commission o#

In/ia3 on 6t0 /ay o# A$g$st3 '))*&

2

LatestLaws.com


3/42

LatestLaws.com

T0e 78t0 La. Commission .as %onstit$te/ #or a "erio/ o# t0ree

years #rom 7st Se"tem4er3 '))9 4y Or/er No& A&:6)7';7;'))9<

A/mn&III ,LA-3 /ate/ t0e 79t0 O%to4er3 '))93 iss$e/ 4y t0e

Government o# In/ia3 Ministry o# La. an/ 2$sti%e3 De"artment o#

Lega A##airs3 Ne. De0i&

T0e La. Commission %onsists o# t0e C0airman3 t0e Mem4er<

Se%retary3 one #$


4/42

LatestLaws.com

T0e La. Commission is o%ate/ in ILI B$i/ing3

'n/ Foor3 B0ag.an Das Roa/3

Ne. De0i& 1"a/0yay @ De"$ty La. O##i%er

Dr& V& >& Sing0 @ Assistant Lega A/viser

Dr& R& S& S0rinet @ S$"erinten/ent ,Lega-

A/ministrative Sta##

S0ri S$s0i >$mar @ 2oint Se%retary La. O##i%er

S0ri D& C0o$/0$ry @ 1n/er Se%retary

S0ri S& >& Bas$ @ Se%tion O##i%er

Smt& Ra?ni S0arma @ Assistant Li4rary

In#ormation O##i%er

4

LatestLaws.com


5/42

LatestLaws.com

T0e tet o# t0is Re"ort is avaia4e on t0e Internet at@

0tt"@;;...&a.%ommissiono#in/ia&ni%&in

Government o# In/ia

La. Commission o# In/ia

T0e tet in t0is /o%$ment ,e%$/ing t0e GovernmentLogo- may 4e re"ro/$%e/ #ree o# %0arge in any #ormat or

me/i$m "rovi/e/ t0at it is re"ro/$%e/ a%%$ratey an/ not

$se/ in a misea/ing %ontet& T0e materia m$st 4e

a%5no.e/ge/ as Government %o"yrig0t an/ t0e tite o#

t0e /o%$ment s"e%i#ie/&

Any en$iries reating to t0is Re"ort s0o$/ 4e a//resse/

to t0e Mem4er


6/42

LatestLaws.com

Dr& 2$sti%e AR& La5s0manan(Former Judge, Supreme Court of India),

Chairman, Law Commission of India

ILI Building (IInd Floor)

Bhagwandas Road,

New Delhi – 110 001

Tel. 91-11-23384475

Fax. 91-11 – 23383564

D.O. No. 6(3)1592!!9-L" (L#) 5 $ugu%&' 2!!9

Dar Dr ra**a +oil, i'

#u/&0 rn&ing Biga, ia "onr%ion &o I%la – $ ro*o%al

or giing #&a&u&or, /& &o #u*r "our& uling%

I a or7arding r7i& & 22& *or& o & La7 "oi%%ion o

India on & ao %u/&.

2. For a long &i *a%&' arrid n 7o% *r%onal la7 do% no& allo7

iga, a n r%or&ing &o & unal&, and ioral *ra/&i/ o

/onr&ing &o I%la or & %a: o /on&ra/&ing a %/ond igaou% arriag

undr a li &a& %u/ /onr%ion nal% & &o arr, again 7i&ou&

g&&ing &ir ir%& arriag di%%old.

3. ; #u*r "our& o India ou&la7d &i% *ra/&i/ , i&% d/i%ion in

& /a% o Sala !"dgal # $nion o% &ndia' $I 1995 #" 1531. ; ruling

7a% r-aird i ,ar% la&r in 'il( Tho)as # $nion o% &ndia (2!!!) 6

#"" 224.

4. In i7 o & ao' & La7 "oi%%ion s"o )o*" &oo: u* &

%u/& &o xain & xi%&ing lgal *o%i&ion on Biga, in India along 7i&

udi/ial ruling% on & %u/& and &o %ugg%& /ang% in ariou% ail, la7

%&a&u&%.

5.


7/42

LatestLaws.com

arriag i% di%%old or d/lard null and oid in

a//ordan/ 7i& la7' and i %u/ a arriag i%

/on&ra/&d i& 7ill null and oid and %all a&&ra/&

a**li/a&ion o #/&ion% 494-495 o & Indian nal

"od 186!.

ii) $ %iilar *roi%ion in%r&d a& %ui&al *la/% in&o

& "ri%&ian +arriag $/& 182' & ar%i +arriag

and Dior/ $/& 1936 and & Di%%olu&ion o +u%li

+arriag% $/& 1939.

iii) ; roi%o &o #/&ion 4 o & Di%%olu&ion o +u%li

+arriag% $/& 1939 – %a,ing &a& &i% #/&ion 7ould

no& a**l, &o a arrid 7oan 7o 7a% originall, a

non-+u%li i % rr&% &o r original ai& –

dl&d.

i) In & #*/ial +arriag $/& 1954 a *roi%ion in%r&d &o & /& &a& i an xi%&ing arriag' ,

7a&r la7 i& i% gornd' /o% in&r-rligiou%

du &o /ang o rligion , i&r *ar&, i& 7ill

&n/or& gornd , & *roi%ion% o &

#*/ial +arriag $/& in/luding i&% an&i-iga,

*roi%ion%.

) ; on/% rla&ing &o iga, undr #/&ion%

494-495 o & Indian nal "od 186! ad

/ogni>al , n/%%ar, andn& in & "od o

"riinal ro/dur 193.


8/42

LatestLaws.com

rn&ing Biga, ia "onr%ion &o I%la - $ ro*o%al or giing

#&a&u&or, /& &o #u*r "our& uling%

Contents

ag No%.

+ha*e &

In&rodu/&ion 9-11

+ha*e &&

nal La7 on Biga, 12-15

+ha*e &&&

Biga, undr "iil +arriag La7% 16-19

+ha*e &

Biga, undr "ouni&,-#*/ii/ Lgi%la&ion 2!-2

+ha*e

Biga, undr +u%li r%onal La7 28-32

+ha*e &

Biga, , Non-+u%li% on ra/ing I%la 33-34

+ha*e &&

Audi/ial uling% on Biga, , "onr%ion 35-39

+ha*e &&&

/onda&ion% 4!-42

8

LatestLaws.com


9/42

LatestLaws.com

+ha*e &

In&rodu/&ion

+arriag la7% o&r &an &a& o & +u%li% no7 in or/ in & /oun&r,

*roii& iga, and &ra& a igaou% arriag a% oid. For &i% ra%on a

arriag &o 7i/ an, o &% la7% a**l, a&&ra/&% & an&i-iga,

*roi%ion% o & Indian nal "od 7i/ ar a**li/al &o a igaou%

arriag i i& i% oid undr & gorning la7 or & ra%on o ing

igaou% C#/&ion% 494-495.

For a long &i *a%&' arrid n 7o% *r%onal la7 do% no& allo7

iga, a n r%or&ing &o & unal&, and ioral *ra/&i/ o

/onr&ing &o I%la or & %a: o /on&ra/&ing a %/ond igaou% arriag

undr a li &a& %u/ /onr%ion nal% & &o arr, again 7i&ou&

g&&ing &ir ir%& arriag di%%old.

; #u*r "our& o India ou&la7d &i% *ra/&i/ , i&% d/i%ion in

& /a% o Sala !"dgal # $nion o% &ndia' $I 1995 #" 1531. ; ruling

7a% r-aird i ,ar% la&r in 'il( Tho)as # $nion o% &ndia (2!!!) 6

#"" 224.

;oug &% /a%% rla&d &o arriag% gornd , & =indu

+arriag $/& 1955' &ir a*io deidendi 7ould oiou%l, a**l, &o all

arriag% 7o% gorning la7% do no& *ri& iga,.

9

LatestLaws.com


10/42

LatestLaws.com

; #u*r "our& d/i%ion on &i% %u/& i% no7 & la7 o &

land' and ,& i& i% ing 7idl, iola&d a/ro%% & /oun&r,. ;7o

/on%*i/uou% /a%% o unla7ul iga, &roug & rou& o /onr%ion &o

I%la a ad adlin% in r/n& da,%.

In on o &% /a%% a *roinn& *oli&i/ian' alrad, a u%and and a

a&r' ,%&riou%l, di%a**ard and %ura/d a on& la&r 7i& a n7 rid

/laiing &a& &, ad /o u%and and 7i undr & la7 o I%la &o

7i/ o& o & ad %in/ /onr&d. ; a/& &a& & n7 rid in &i%

/a%' 7o i% a la7,r and a% n a la7 oi/r 7i& & gornn& o r

#&a&' :*% on *uli/l, /laiing &a& r arriag &o & /onr&-igai%& i%

ull, lgal du &o i% /onr%ion &o I%la /larl, %o7% & ignoran/ aou&

& la7 %&&ld in &i% r%*/& , & #u*r "our& *rail% al%o in &

/ouni&, o la7,r%.

In & %/ond /a% ano&r arrid an' an ar, *,%i/ian o India

%ring in $gani%&an' /onr&d &o I%la in ordr &o arr, an $gan

+u%li girl %ring i a% an in&r*r&r. ; *oor girl 7a% :*& in & dar:

aou& i% ari&al an&/dn&% and di%/ord & %a onl, 7n ,ar% la&r

r&urnd &o India laing r ind in $gani%&an.

;% ar' o /our%' no& & onl, *roinn& in%&an/% 7r arrid

non-+u%li n /laiing &o a /onr&d &o I%la a du*d &ir ir%&

7i%E an, %u/ /a%% go unno&i/d. ;r i%' &u%' a nd &o a: &

lgal *o%i&ion a% %&&ld , & #u*r "our& /lar noug , in&rodu/ing

n/%%ar, *roi%ion% &o &a& /& in all & xi%&ing lgi%la&i na/&n&%

gorning arriag% aong ariou% /ouni&i%.

1!

LatestLaws.com


11/42

LatestLaws.com

;i% *or& xain% & xi%&ing lgal *o%i&ion o iga, in India

and %ugg%&% 7a,% &o //: & %o/ial alai% o iga, &roug & rou&

o %a /onr%ion.

D*nding on & nur o *lural arriag in a *ar&i/ular /a% and

& gndr o & *r%on indulging in &' &,ologi%&% u% dirn&

x*r%%ion% or ariou% %i&ua&ion% o *lural arriag% – iga, (doul

arriag% , a an or 7oan)' *ol,ga, (&ri*l or or arriag% , a

an or 7oan)' *ol,g,n, (iga, , n) and *ol,andr, (iga, ,

7on). $oiding &% %u&l dirn/% and or & %a: o ri&, and

/onnin/' 7 ar u%ing in &i% *or& & /oon &r% iga,G or

H*ol,ga,G 7i/ ar o**o%i& o onoga, and a, a**lid &o all

/a%% o *lural arriag% irr%*/&i o gndr and nur o %*ou%%.

11

LatestLaws.com


12/42

LatestLaws.com

+ha*e &&

nal La7 on Biga,

Bigamy in General

; "a*&r on On/% rla&ing &o +arriag undr & Indian nal "od

o 186! /on&ain% &7o *roi%ion% rla&ing &o iga, – & ir%& o &%

a**li/al &o arrid *r%on% arr,ing again 7i&ou& /on/aling ro &

%/ond %*ou% & a/& o & ir%& arriag' and & %/ond &o &o% 7o do

%o , :*ing & %/ond %*ou% in & dar: aou& & ir%& arriag. #/&ion

494 o & "od rad% a%0-


13/42

LatestLaws.com

inor & *r%on 7i& 7o %u/ arriag i% /on&ra/&d o &

ral %&a& o a/&% %o ar a% & %a ar 7i&in i% or r

:no7ldg.K

"oing &o & /a%% o iga, 7r a *r%on indulg% in i& , d/iing

& %/ond %*ou%' #/&ion 495 o & Indian nal "od %a,%0-


14/42

LatestLaws.com

(i) ar%i +arriag and Dior/ $/& 1936

() =indu +arriag $/& 1955

$% rgard% & +u%li%' & I" *roi%ion% rla&ing &o iga, a**l, &o

7on – %in/ +u%li la7 &ra&% a %/ond igaou% arriag , a

arrid 7oan a% oid – u& no& &o n a% undr a gnral rading o &

&radi&ional +u%li la7 n ar %u**o%d &o r &o /on&ra/& *lural

arriag%. ; ra/i&, o &i% li' o /our%' nd% a /arul %/ru&in,.

; an&i-iga, *roi%ion% o & Indian nal "od 7ould no& a**l,

al%o &o &rial n and 7on i &ir /u%&oar, la7 and *ra/&i/ do% no&

&ra& &ir *lural arriag% a% oid. I& a% n udi/iall, aird &a&

#/&ion 494 o & Indian nal "od 7ill no& a**l, &o r% o

#/duld ;ri% unl%% & &rial la7 a**li/al &o a /a% &ra&% a igaou%

arriag a% oid. #' or in%&an/' S"a)ani S*ella "" D. # D"ga

+haan ansdah $I 2!!1 #" 938.

Nature of ffen!e

; on/ undr #/&ion 494 o & Indian nal "od i% non-/ogni>al'

ailal and /o*oundal , & aggrid %*ou% 7i& & *ri%%ion o

& /our&. ;a& & on/ i% /o*oundal , u&ual /on%n& o & *ar&i%

7a% aird in Nao*a) Singh # S*a*e o% 6"na $I 198 #" 1542.

In & #&a& o $ndra rad%' o7r' , a lo/al andn& o

1992 & on/ undr #/&ion 494 7a% ad /ogni>al' non-ailal and

non-/o*oundal

14

LatestLaws.com


15/42

LatestLaws.com

; on/ undr #/&ion 495 o & nal "od i% non-/ogni>al'

ailal and – unli: &a& undr #/&ion 494 -- non /o*oundal. No&al,'

in $ndra rad% &i% on/ &oo a% n ad /ogni>al and non-

ailal.

I"C "ro#isions in $!tion

Biga, , 7on i% r, x/*&ional in & %o/i&,' u& iga, , n i%

indd ra*an&. =o7r' %in/ & an&i-iga, *roi%ion% o & Indian

nal "od ar (x/*& in $ndra rad%) non-/ogni>al o%& /a%% o &

on/ o iga, rain un*uni%d. ; aggrid ir%& 7i% o all

/ouni&i% %iln&l, %ur & i%ri% /au%d , & *ra/&i/ o iga,.

;r i% al%o a &rnd in & %o/i&, &o u% di/%' %u**o%d &o

lgalG' &o %/a* a**li/a&ion o & I" *roi%ion%. $ong &% ar

olding in/o*l& and d/&i arriag /roni%' non-ari&al

/oai&a&ion and a: /ang o rligion.


16/42

LatestLaws.com

+ha*e &&&

Biga, undr "iil +arriag La7%

Spe!ial %arriage $!t &'

+onoga, i% & rul undr & #*/ial +arriag $/& 1954. $ong &

/ondi&ion% or %olni>a&ion o a /iil arriag %*l& ou& in & $/& &

oro%& i% &a& ni&r *ar&, a% a %*ou% liingK – #/&ion 4 (a).

In r%*/& o iga, &r ar &7o dirn& *nal *roi%ion% undr &

$/&. I a *r%on alrad, arrid' undr 7a&r la7' rauduln&l, /on&ra/&%a /iil arriag & *roi%ion o #/&ion 43 o & $/& r*rodu/d lo7 7ill

a**l,0

#a a% o&r7i% *roidd in "a*&r III' r, *r%on 7o' ing

a& & &i arrid' *ro/ur% a arriag o i%l or r%l &o

%olni>d undr &i% $/& %all dd &o a /oi&&d an

on/ undr %/&ion 494 or %/&ion 495 o & Indian nal "od'

a% & /a% a, ' and & arriag %o %olni>d %all oid.K

; o&r *roi%ion /on&aind in #/&ion 44' r*rodu/d lo7' i%

an& or a *r%on arrid undr & #*/ial +arriag $/& 7o /on&ra/&% a

%/ond arriag undr an, o&r la70

r, *r%on 7o% arriag i% %olni>d undr &i% $/& and

7o' during & li&i o i% or r 7i or u%and' /on&ra/&% an,

o&r arriag %all %u/& &o & *nal&i% *roidd in #/&ion

494 and #/&ion 495 o & Indian nal "od' or & on/ o

16

LatestLaws.com


17/42

LatestLaws.com

arr,ing again during & li&i o a u%and or 7i' and &

arriag %o /on&ra/&d %all oid.K

"a*&r III o & $/&' rrrd &o in #/&ion 43 r*rodu/d ao'

*roid% & a/ili&, o &urning a *r-xi%&ing arriag %olni>d a%

*r rligiou% or /u%&oar, ri&% in&o a /iil arriag , rgi%&ring i&

undr &i% $/&. ;i% a/ili&, i% al%o aailal %u/& &o & /ondi&ion

&a& ni&r *ar&, a% a& & &i o rgi%&ra&ion or &an on %*ou%

liingK – #/&ion 15 (). I a *r%on aing or &an on %*ou% liing

rauduln&l, rgi%&r% i&r o i% arriag% undr &i% $/& 7ill

guil&, o & on/ o :no7ingl, a:ing a al% %&a&n& *uni%al

undr #/&ion 45 o & $/&.

; an&i-iga, *roi%ion% o & #*/ial +arriag $/& a**l, &o

r, arriag /on&ra/&d undr i&% *roi%ion% irr%*/&i o &

rligion o & *ar&i%. $ /our& a% %*/ii/all, ld &a& i a +u%li

/on&ra/&% a /iil arriag undr & #*/ial +arriag $/& in%&ad o i%

*r%onal la7 & an&i-iga, *roi%ion% o & $/& 7ill a**l, &o i.

# S. Radhia Sa)eena #. S..., aee Naga 6olie S*a*ion,

(deaad 199 "riLA 1655 ($).

=o7r' i a *r%on 7o a% rgi%&rd i% *r-xi%&ing arriag

undr & #*/ial +arriag $/& in &r% o #/&ion 15 /on&ra/&% a

%/ond igaou% arriag' i& i% no& /lar ro & languag o & $/&i & *roi%ion o #/&ion 44 r*rodu/d ao 7ill a**l, &o & /a%.

; 7ord% #a a% o&r7i% *roidd in "a*&r IIIK in #/&ion 43

ar no& /lar in &ir aning. In & i&n%% o &ing%' %in/ e os*

%a*o rgi%&ra&ion o a rligiou% or /u%&oar, arriag &urn% i& in&o a

1

LatestLaws.com


18/42

LatestLaws.com

/iil arriag or all *ur*o%%' & an&i-iga, *roi%ion% o & $/&

%ould al%o a**l, &o %u/ a /a%.

Foreign %arriage $!t &'*'

;i% $/& a/ili&a&% %olni>a&ion o /iil arriag% in orign /oun&ri%

&7n &7o Indian% or an Indian and a orignr. +onoga, i% &

rul undr &i% $/& a% 7ll' & ir%& /ondi&ion or & %olni>a&ion o

arriag undr i&% *roi%ion% ing &a& ni&r *ar&, a% a %*ou%

liingK – #/&ion 4 (a).

I & /ondi&ion o onoga, and & o&r /ondi&ion%

n&iond in #/&ion 4 o & $/& ar &' a *r-xi%&ing arriag

&7n &7o Indian% or an Indian and a orignr %olni>d in a

orign /oun&r, undr a lo/al la7 /an rgi%&rd undr & Forign

+arriag $/&' u*on 7i/ i& %all dd &o a n %olni>d

undr & %aid $/& – #/&ion 1.

; an&i-iga, *nal *roi%ion o #/&ion 19 o & Forign

+arriag $/&' r*rodu/d lo7' a**li% &o o& arriag% originall,

%olni>d undr i&% *roi%ion% and &o% %olni>d a% *r a orign

la7 u& la&r rgi%&rd undr & Forign +arriag $/&0

(1) $n, *r%on 7o% arriag i% %olni>d or dd &o a

n %olni>d undr &i% $/& and 7o' during & %u%i%&n/ o

i% arriag' /on&ra/&% an, o&r arriag in India %all %u/&

&o & *nal&i% *roidd in %/&ion% 494 and 495 o & Indian

nal "od' and & arriag %o /on&ra/&d %all oid.

18

LatestLaws.com


19/42

LatestLaws.com

(2) & *roi%ion% o %u-%/&ion (1) a**l, al%o &o an, %u/ on/

/oi&&d , an, /i&i>n o India 7i&ou& and ,ond India.K

; an&i-iga, *roi%ion% o & Forign +arriag $/&' li: &o% o

& #*/ial +arriag $/& 1954' ar a**li/al &o all /a%% gornd ,

i&' irr%*/&i o & rligion o & *ar&i%.

+ffe!t of !hange of religion

o%&-arriag /onr%ion , i&r *ar&, &o a /iil arriag% a% no

lgal /on%Jun/% – & /onr& rain% %u/& &o & *roi%ion% o

& #*/ial +arriag $/& 1954 or & Forign +arriag $/& 1969' a% &

/a% a,' and ni&r & /onr&ing %*ou% /an /on&ra/& ano&r

arriag nor & o&r %*ou% /an %: dior/ on & ground o

/ang o rligion.

I i&r *ar&, in %u/ a %i&ua&ion arri% again a&r /anging

rligion' u& 7i&ou& o&aining dior/ or a d/r o nulli&,' i% or r

/ondu/& 7ill %&ill a&&ra/& an&i-iga, *roi%ion% o & Indian nal

"od.

19

LatestLaws.com


20/42

LatestLaws.com

+ha*e &

Biga, undr "ouni&,-#*/ii/ Lgi%la&ion

Christian %arriage $!t &-.

$% i% 7ll :no7n' & "ri%&ian rligion *roii&% iga,. In India "ri%&ian

arriag% ar gornd , an old $/& o & Bri&i% *riod – & "ri%&ian

+arriag $/& 182. I& a**li% &o all %or&% o arriag% aong & "ri%&ian%

o India and rJuir% & &o %olni>d undr i&% *roi%ion% no& onl,

7n o& *ar&i% ar "ri%&ian u& al%o 7n on o & i% a "ri%&ian and

& o&r a non-"ri%&ian (% #/&ion 4 o & $/&).

+arriag% /an' undr &i% $/&' i&r %olni>d , a +ini%&r o

ligionG o a "ur/' or , or in & *r%n/ o a +arriag gi%&rar.

In & ir%& /a%' & no&i/ &o gin or arriag , i&r *ar&, i%

&o a//o*anid , a d/lara&ion o & *ar&i%G ari&al %&a&u% a& & &i

o arriag' and & *r%/rid or or &i% *ur*o% n&ion% onl, &7o

*o%%iili&i% – & *r%on giing a no&i/ a, i&r a a/lor%*in%&r or

7ido7r7ido7. $ /r&ii/a& o /o*lian/ 7i& & no&i/ rJuirn& i%

&o i%%ud u*on & a**li/an& iling a d/lara&ion airing &a& or %

li% &a& &r i% no& an, i*din& o :indrd or aini&, or o&r

la7ul indran/' &o & %aid arriagEK and & arriag %all

%olni>d onl, a&r %u/ a /r&ii/a& a% n i%%ud (#/&ion% 12' 18' 25

#/dul I).

For o&aining a /r&ii/a& in & /a% o a arriag %olni>d , or

in & *r%n/ o a +arriag gi%&rar' in%&ad o iling a 7ri&&n

d/lara&ion & *r%on giing & no&i/ a% &o &a: an oa& &o & %a /&

2!

LatestLaws.com


21/42

LatestLaws.com

– &a& or % li% &a& &r i% no& an, i*din& o :indrd or

aini&, or o&r la7ul indran/' &o & %aid arriagK (#/&ion% 41-42).

; arriag o a na&i "ri%&ian /an /r&iid 7i&ou& &

*rliinar, no&i/ n&iond ao %u/& &o & /ondi&ion' in*e alia' &a&

ni&r o & *r%on% in&nding &o arrid %all a a 7i or u%and

%&ill liingK(#/&ion 6!).

; $/& *roid% &a& a *r%on a:ing a al% oa& or d/lara&ion or

%igning a al% no&i/' in&n&ionall, and or & *ur*o% o *ro/uring a

arriag' %all guil&, o & on/ *uni%al undr #/&ion 193 o &Indian nal "od – #/&ion 66.

;r i% no %*/ii/ rrn/ in &i% $/& &o & an&i-iga, *roi%ion%

/on&aind in #/&ion% 494-495 o & Indian nal "od. #in/ iga, i%

%&ri/&l, *roii&d , & "ri%&ian rligiou% la7 and & $/& al%o i*lidl,

*roii&% i&' a**li/aili&, o & %aid I" *roi%ion% &o arrid "ri%&ian%

a, %n a% a orgon /on/lu%ion. ?&' &r i% a /a% or a:ing &

$/& %*/ii/ on &i% *oin&.

$ *o%&-arriag /ang o rligion , i&r %*ou% a, a no

/& on *roii&ion o iga, undr & "ri%&ian la7 %in/ o& &

"ri%&ian +arriag $/& 182 and i&% dior/ %u**ln&' & Indian Dior/

$/& 1869' a**l, al%o &o /a%% 7r onl, on %*ou% i% a "ri%&ian.

"arsi %arriage and /i#or!e $!t &'0*

@nli: & "ri%&ian +arriag $/& 182' & ar%i +arriag and Dior/ $/&

1936 %*/ii/all, *roii&% iga, and %a,% &a& #/&ion% 494-495 o &

21

LatestLaws.com


22/42

LatestLaws.com

Indian nal "od 7ill a&&ra/&d , r, /a% o iga, in an, arriag

gornd , &a& $/&. #/&ion% 4 and 5 o & $/& rad a% ollo7%0

Se*ion 4

(1) No ar%i (7a&r %u/ ar%i a% /angd i% or r rligion

or doi/il or no&) %all /on&ra/& an, arriag undr &i% $/& or

an, o&r la7 in & li &i o i% or r 7i or u%and'

7&r a ar%i or no&' x/*& a&r i% or r la7ul dior/ ro

%u/ 7i or u%and or a&r i% or r arriag 7i& %u/ 7i or

u%and a% la7ull, n d/lard null and oid or di%%oldEand' i & arriag 7a% /on&ra/&d 7i& %u/ 7i or u%and

undr & ar%i +arriag and Dior/ $/&' 1865' or undr &i% $/&'

x/*& a&r a dior/' d/lara&ion or di%%olu&ion a% aor%aid undr

i&r o & %aid $/&%.

(2) r, arriag /on&ra/&d /on&rar, &o & *roi%ion% o %u-

%/&ion (1) %all oid.K

Se*ion 5

r, ar%i 7o during & li&i o i% or r 7i or u%and'

7&r a ar%i or no&' /on&ra/&% a arriag 7i&ou& aing n

la7ull, dior/d ro %u/ 7i or u%and' or 7i&ou& i% or r

arriag 7i& %u/ 7i or u%and aing lgall, n d/lard

null and oid or di%%old' %all %u/& &o & *nal&i%

*roidd in %/&ion% 494 and 495 o & Indian nal "od (45 o

186!) or & on/ o arr,ing again during & li&i o a

u%and or 7iK.

22

LatestLaws.com


23/42

LatestLaws.com

; rrn/ &o iga, a&r /ang o rligion and i&% *roii&ion

/on%&i&u& a uniJu a&ur o & ar%i +arriag and Dior/ $/& 1936

7i/ a% no *aralll undr an, o&r ail,-la7 na/&n& or & &i

ing in or/.

1indu %arriage $!t &'

#in/ &i% iorial i& 7a% lid – rig&l, or 7rongl, – &a& =indu

rligiou% la7 allo7d an unr%&ri/&d *ol,ga, and i*o%d no %*/ii/

/ondi&ion% on & *ol,gai%&-u%and. ; +u%li rulr% o India ad l&

& =indu la7 on *ol,ga, – 7a&r i& 7a% – un&ou/d and did no&i*o% on an, non-+u%li & rul% o I%lai/ la7 &olra&ing lii&d

*ol,ga, in a 7ll-dind di%/i*lin o Jual u%&i/ &o /o-7i%. ;

Bri&i% rulr%' 7o did ror an, o&r a%*/&% o =indu la7' al%o did no&

aoli% & rul% on *ol,ga, undr & &radi&ional =indu la7 and /u%&o.

Onl, & Brao%aai% ad anagd &o lgall, ado*& onoga, undr a

%*/ial la7 na/&d or & in & r%&7il Bngal *roin/ in 182.

$&r & adn& o ind*ndn/ an&i-iga, la7% 7r na/&d or

& =indu% , *roin/ial lgi%la&ur% in Boa,' +adra%' #aura%&ra and

"n&ral roin/%. Finall,' in 1955 arlian& na/&d & =indu +arriag

$/& *u&&ing a lan:& an on iga, or & =indu%. Buddi%&%' Aain% and

#i:%' d/laring igaou% arriag% on &ir *ar& in u&ur &o oid and

*nal (% #/&ion% 5' 11 1).

On o & /ondi&ion% or a alid arriag undr & =indu +arriag

$/& i% &a& ni&r *ar&, a% a %*ou% liing a& & &i o & arriagK

C#/&ion 5 (i). iola&ion o &i% /ondi&ion %all a: & arriag null and

23

LatestLaws.com


24/42

LatestLaws.com

oid and lial &o %o d/lard , a d/r o nulli&, on a *&i&ion ild ,

i&r *ar&, again%& & o&r *ar&, ( #/&ion 11).

#/&ion 1 o & =indu +arriag $/& on/ again d/lar% r,

igaou% arriag aong *r%on% gornd , & $/& &o oid and

a:% i& *uni%al undr & an&i-iga, *roi%ion% o & Indian nal

"od 186!. I& rad% a% ollo7%0

$n, arriag &7n &7o =indu% %olni>d a&r &

/on/n& o &i% $/& i% oid i a& & da& o %u/ arriag

i&r *ar&, ad a u%and or 7i liingE and & *roi%ion% o%/&ion% 494 and 495 o & Indian nal "od %all a**l,

a//ordingl,.K

;oug #/&ion (2) %a,% &a& i a arriag i% %olni>d &roug &

sa*adi /ron, & arriag 7ill /o*l& and inding on &a:ing &

%n&% %&*' %o =ig "our&% &oo: & i7 &a& &i% i% no& a %*/ial rul

o idn/ rJuiring in a /a% o iga, *roo o & %n& %&* aing

n dul, &a:n. – 6ad"llaa*h !"*(ala # S"alash)i $I 1962 $ 311'

Tailo(a !ohan # S*a*e $I 1968 $%% 22.

In 1988 a larnd udg o & $ndra rad% =ig "our&' ada

Mri%na ao' ad i%%ud an i*or&an& no& o /au&ion0

During & %u%i%&n/ o & ir%& arriag & %/ond arriag

7ill gnrall, don in %/r/,. I& i% &oo idl &o x*/& dir/&

&%&ion,. In %o /a%% & "ohi* al%o 7o *rord &

arriag 7ill &ra&d a% a&&or. ; /our&% ar giing a/Jui&&al%

24

LatestLaws.com


25/42

LatestLaws.com

on & ground &a& & rJuird /roni% or & %/ond arriag

a no& n *rod ,ond ra%onal dou&. #ui&al

lgi%la&ion a% &o ad 7i& rgard &o & od o *roo o &

%/ond arriag. I & arriag 7a% don *uli/l, and o*nl, &o

& :no7ldg o on and all' & /our& /an x*/& dir/& idn/.

a&ion o arriag% undr #/&ion (2)

o & $/&' & #u*r "our& la&r ld &a& i a /u%&oar, /ron, i%

in/o*l&l, or d/&il, *rord (&o g& arrid again)' & r%ul&ing

%/ond arriag 7ill non-xi%&n& in ,% o la7 and n/ 7ill no&

a&&ra/& & an&i-iga, *roi%ion% o & $/&' or o & I". # Bha"ao #

S*a*e o% !ahaash*a $I 1965 #" 1564.

oing , &i% in&r*r&a&ion' i & sa*adi /ron, a% n

in/o*l&l, *lo,d in i7 o & rul o #/&ion (2) &r i% all &

or ra%on &o &ra& & %/ond allgdl, igaou% arriag a% non-xi%&n&.

25

LatestLaws.com


26/42

LatestLaws.com

I & an&i-iga, *roi%ion% o & =indu +arriag $/& ar &o

%&ri/&l, nor/d' &r i% a /a% or d-lin:ing & ro & *roi%ion o

#/&ion o & $/& undr 7i/ %o /ron, a% &o n/%%aril,

*lo,d or %olni>ing a arriag.

+ffe!t of Change of 2eligion

o%&-arriag /ang o rligion , i&r *ar&, i% undr & =indu +arriag

$/& a ground or dior/ in & and% o & o&r non-/onr&ing %*ou%

C#/&ion 13 (1) (ii).


27/42

LatestLaws.com

gnuin /a%% o ro:n arriag%' a% al%o &o% in 7i/ *o*l di%on%&l,

7an& &o :i/: ou& &ir ir%& 7i% and &a: n7 *ar&nr% – & orr /a%%'

o /our%' ou&nur & la&&r. ;o% arrid n 7o 7an& &o arr, again

a no rligiou% inii&ion' %in/ &, li &a& &ir rligion allo7%

& &o a &ir 7i%E and &, do no& ind iola&ing & n7l, i*o%d

lgal an on iga, 7i&ou& an, rligiou% %an/&ion or i&. ;o aoid &

*nal&i% &ra&nd , & n7 la7 &o inli/&d on igai%&% &,'

o7r' nd a di/. $nd' dirn& di/% ar %ugg%&d , &o% 7o

ar al7a,% rad, &o l* la7ra:r% – a a: /onr%ion &o I%la ing

oro%& aong &% di/%.

; la7 o onoga, undr & =indu +arriag $/& i%' indd' ull

o %riou% %or&/oing% and loo*ol%. "oind 7i& & $/&% *roi%ion%

rla&ing &o arriag-ri&%' i& *roid% in-uil& di/% or an a%, aoidan/

o all & /on%Jun/% o i&% iola&ion.

2

LatestLaws.com


28/42

LatestLaws.com

+ha*e

Biga, undr +u%li r%onal La7

3raditional Law

I& i% gnrall, lid &a& undr +u%li la7 a u%and a% an un&&rd

rig& &o arr, again n 7r i% arlir arriag i% %u%i%&ing. On a

/lo%r xaina&ion o & rlan& *roi%ion% o & Puran and & o&r

%our/% o I%lai/ la7' &i% do% no& % &o & &ru&. ; rul o

+u%li la7 /ondi&ionall, *ri&&ing iga, in a/& i%uali>d &7o or or

7on a**il, liing 7i& a /oon u%and – &a:ing a %/ond 7i a&r

or%a:ing or d%r&ing & ir%& 7a% no& I%laG% /on/*& o iga,.

Biga, 7i& no r%&ri/&ion% or di%/i*lin 7a&%or 7a% ra*an& in &

%o/i&, 7r I%la ad i&% ir%& a**aran/ and al%o in an, o&r

%o/i&i% a/ro%% & glo. ; =ol, Puran *u& r%&ri/&ion% on i&' allo7ing i&

7i&in lii&%' and n 7i&in &o% lii&% %u/&ing i& &o a %&ri/& di%/i*lin.

; Puran *ri&&d *ol,ga, %u/& &o a %&ri/& /ondi&ion &a& & an

u%& /a*al o n%uring Jual &ra&n& o &7o 7i% in r, r%*/&.

$%%r&ing &a& &i% a, no& *o%%il n 7i& & %& o in&n&ion%' &

=ol, Boo: a& & %a &i adi%d n &o :* &o onoga, a% &i%

7ould :* ,ou a7a, ro inu%&i/K (PurGan' I0 3 129). ;o &i%

Purani/ ror & ro*& addd a igl, d&rrn& 7arning0 $ igai%&

unal &o &ra& i% 7i% Juall, 7ill &orn a*ar& on & Da, o Audgn&.

;i% 7a% & ror &a& & I%lai/ rligiou% la7 /ould' and did' in&rodu/

in & & /n&ur, $D.

28

LatestLaws.com


29/42

LatestLaws.com

I iga, an% or%a:ing o & ir%& 7i 7i&ou& dior/ing r and

ringing in a n7 7i' & Puran /r&ainl, do% no& *ri& i&. In +u%li

la7 iga, ni%ag% &7o 7on a**il, arrid &o & %a an a/&uall,

liing 7i& i and g&&ing ro i Juall, all &a& a 7i /an x*/& ro

r u%and.


30/42

LatestLaws.com

7on *roi%ion% o +u%li la7 a n udi/iall, r/ogni>d in India in

%ral /a%%.

So!ial 4 Judi!ial 3rends

Biga, a% n ull, aoli%d or %rl, /on&rolld , la7 in o%&

+u%li /oun&ri% o & 7orld. ;ur:, and ;uni%ia a /o*l&l,

ou&la7d i& 7il in g,*&' #,ria' Aordan' IraJ' ?n' +oro//o' a:i%&an

and Banglad%' i& a% n %u/&d &o adini%&ra&i or udi/ial /on&rol.

(D&ail% o &% ror% /an %n in ;air +aoodG% oo: S*a*"*es o%

6esonal 'aw in &sla)i +o"n*ies' 2nd di&ion' 1995).

In India iga, i% no& r, /oon aong & +u%li% and /a%% o

n aing or &an on 7i a& a &i ar 7 and ar &7n. ;

+u%li %o/i&, o India in gnral in a/& loo:% a& *ol,ga, 7i& gra&

di%aour and a igai%& i% gnrall, loo:d do7n u*on in and ou&%id i%

ail,. D%*i& &i%' unor&una&l,' & rligiou% ladr% ar no& *r*ard or

an, lgi%la&i ror in &i% r%*/& and & rligiou% %n%i&ii&i% a

nr allo7d & #&a& &o in&rodu/ an, ror in &i% rgard.

; /our&% in India al%o gra&l, loo: do7n u*on iga, and *roid

all %or&% o rli &o & ir%& 7i% o igai%& u%and%. #ral =ig

"our&% a ld &a& iga, aoun&% &o /rul&, 7i/ /an *ladd a% an

an%7r &o & anG% %ui& or r%&i&u&ion o /onugal rig&% again%& & ir%&

7i – % &*wai # ;sghai $I 196! $ll 684' Ra< !oha))ad # Saeeda

;)ina Beg") $I 196 Man& 2!!' Shahina a#een # !ohd Shaeel $I

198 Dl 21!.

3!

LatestLaws.com


31/42

LatestLaws.com

; #u*r "our& o India a% ld &a& & *roi%ion o #/&ion 125

o & "od o "riinal ro/dur 193 allo7ing %*ara& ain&nan/ &o a

7i on & ground o r u%andG% /rul&, a**li% &o +u%li 7on

7o% u%and% /on&ra/& a %/ond igaou% arriag. # ha*oon #

=aa)in $I 1982 #" 853.

In ano&r /a% & #u*r "our& a% %rl, /ri&i/i>d & *ra/&i/

o iga, and o%rd &a& &r i% no dirn/ &7n a %/ond 7i

and a /on/uin. # Beg") S"han" # ;d"l >ha%oo $I 198 #" 11!3.

$dministrati#e Ser#i!e 2ules

; "n&ral "iil #ri/% ("ondu/&) ul% 1964 *roid &a& a *r%on 7o

a% /on&ra/&d a igaou% arriag or a% arrid a *r%on aing a %*ou%

liing %all no& ligil or a**oin&n& &o %u/ %ri/% – ul 21. ;

$ll India #ri/% ("ondu/&) ul% 1968 *la/ & %a r%&ri/&ion% on &o%

7o ar alrad, r o an, %u/ %ri/ – ul 19. Bo& & ul%'

o7r' *o7r & gornn& &o x*& a *r%on ro & a**li/a&ion

o &% r%&ri/&ion% i & *r%onal la7 a**li/al *ri&% & d%ird

arriag and &r ar o&r ground% or %o doing.K

;% *roi%ion% o #ri/ ul% a**l, &o & +u%li% and &ir

/on%&i&u&ional alidi&, a% n u*ld , & "n&ral $dini%&ra&i

;riunal and & /our&%. #' .g.' hai


32/42

LatestLaws.com

+ffe!t of Change of 2eligion

@ndr & &radi&ional +u%li la7 i a arrid +u%li 7oan /onr&% &o

ano&r rligion r arriag 7ould au&oa&i/all, di%%old. ;i% rul i%'

o7r' no& a**li/al in India. ; Di%%olu&ion o +u%li +arriag% $/&

1939 *roid% &a& a*o%&a%, o a +u%li 7i %all no& di%%ol r arriag

(#/&ion 4). #o' al&oug & 1939 $/& do% no& %*/ii/all, %a, %o' i a

arrid +u%li 7oan rnoun/% I%la and' liing &a& r ir%&

arriag a% n iso %a*o di%%old arri% again' r %/ond arriag

7ill a&&ra/& a**li/a&ion o #/&ion 494-495 o & Indian nal "od.

;r i% an x/*&ion &o &i% rul undr & Di%%olu&ion o +u%li

+arriag% $/& 1939 – i a arrid /onr& +u%li 7oan , rnoun/ing

I%la rr&% &o r original rligion & *roi%ion o #/&ion 4 7ill no&

a**l,. In o&r 7ord%' in &i% /a% r r-/onr%ion 7ill au&oa&i/all,

di%%ol r arriag 7i& r +u%li u%and. In %u/ a /a%' &ror'

an&i-iga, *roi%ion% o & Indian nal "od 7ill no& a**l,. ;

x/*&ional *roi%ion /larl, %% &o di%/riina&or,.

32

LatestLaws.com


33/42

LatestLaws.com

+ha*e &

Biga, , non-+u%li% on ra/ing I%la

Biga, , /onr%ion – i>. a %/ond arriag , a arrid non-+u%li

an a&r /onr%ion &o I%la – i% a /oon *ra/&i/ in India. ; an

aing r%or& &o i& i% gin &o li , & la7,r% ignoran& o & &ru

I%lai/ la7 &a& on /oing a +u%li 7ill lgall, n&i&ld &o rl,

arr, again irr%*/&i o i% *riou% ari&al %&a&u%. ;i% i%&a:n li

ili&a&% again%& & l&&r and %*iri& o & I%lai/ la7 on iga,. I &

/onr%ion in an, %u/ /a% i% %a – a% in o%& %u/ /a%% i& indd i% – &

%/ond arriag 7ill a raud on I%lai/ la7 and /an a no r/ogni&ion

in i&. I & /onr%ion i% gnuin & %/ond arriag /an allo7d

%u/& &o & ar o Jual &ra&n& o & /o-7i%' 7i/ oiou%l, 7ould

i*o%%il in %u/ a /a%. In i&r /a% &ror & %/ond arriag

7ill r*ugnan& &o & I%lai/ rligion and la7.

$% rgard% /onr&% &o I%la o*&ing or iga,' &ir /onr%ion u%&

udgd , & ro*&G% gnral rdi/& %a,ing &a& /& o an a/&ion i%

gornd , & undrl,ing in&n&ionK and %o /onr%ion , a arrid non-

+u%li an o&ia&d , a d%ir &o a ano&r 7i i% o dou&ul

rligiou% alidi&,. Bu& n 7r /onr%ion %% &o gnuin' i& /anno&

a li/n% or indulging in iga, , d%r&ing & ir%& 7i in iola&ion

o I%laG% in%i%&n/ on &ra&ing /o-7i% 7i& unx/*&ional Juali&, and

Jual u%&i/.

; a/&' o /our%' i% &a& /onr%ion in %u/ /a%% i% inarial, a

uug and i% gnrall, ollo7d , oral or inoral r-/onr%ion o

33

LatestLaws.com


34/42

LatestLaws.com

& n7l,-7d &o &ir original ai& – in a/& &, nr /onr& &o I%la

ro & ar&. ;i% %u&&l-/o/: *la,ing 7i& ariou% rligion% i% no&

//:d , our xi%&ing la7' &oug i& i% ni&r allo7d , & rligion

7i/ i% di%on%&l, ado*&d nor %an/&iond , & on &a& i% or%a:n or

%li% nd%.


35/42

LatestLaws.com

+ha*e &&

Audi/ial uling% on Biga, , "onr%ion

;r a% al7a,% n a %iring di%/on&n& in & udi/iar, rgarding &

&ndn/, o /onr&ing &o I%la or & %a: o /on&ra/&ing a %/ond

igaou% arriag and & /our&% a &rid &o /on&rol i&.

In ila(a* Ra # S"nila $I 1983 Dli 351 Au%&i/ Lla #& o &

Dli =ig "our& ad d/idd &a& & $/& 7ould /on&inu &o a**l, &o a

*r%on 7o 7a% a =indu a& & &i o arriag d%*i& i% %u%Jun&

/onr%ion &o I%la and &a& /ould %&ill %: dior/ undr & $/&

(x/*& on & ground o i% o7n /onr%ion).

In &n e 6 Nagesasha((a (1988) +a& L 123 Au%&i/ Ba%:ar ao o

$ndra rad% =ig "our& %rl, /ri&i/i>d & unal&, *ra/&i/ o

iga, , /onr%ion and o%rd &a& & old rul &a& & o&i ind

/onr%ion /ould nr Ju%&iond ad &o r/&d a& la%& in & /a%%

o /onr%ion /ou*ld 7i& iga,. #iilar o%ra&ion% 7r ad in &

/a% o B +handa !ani(a))a # B. S"dasana Rao alias Salee)

!oha))ed, 1988 "riLA 1849.

Finall,' in & lading /a% o S)*. Sala !"dgal # $nion o% &ndia

1995 3 #"" 635 & #u*r "our& d/idd &a& r, igaou% arriag

o a =indu /onr& &o I%la 7ould oid and &ror *uni%al undr

& Indian nal "od. ; /our& o%rd0

35

LatestLaws.com


36/42

LatestLaws.com

#in/ i& i% no& & o/& o I%la nor i% & in&n&ion o &

nlig&nd +u%li /ouni&, &a& & =indu u%and% %ould

n/ouragd &o /o +u%li rl, or & *ur*o% o

ading &ir o7n *r%onal la7 , arr,ing again' & /our&%

/an *r%uadd &o ado*& a /on%&ru/&ion o & la7% r%ul&ing in

dn,ing & =indu u%and /onr&d &o I%la & rig& &o

arr, again 7i&ou& aing i% xi%&ing arriag di%%old in

a//ordan/ 7i& la7.

$% rgard% & logi/ , 7i/ a arrid non-+u%liG% %/ond

igaou% arriag /on&ra/&d a&r /onr%ion &o I%la /ould &ra&d a%

oid undr & =indu +arriag $/&' & /our& argud a% ollo7%0

I& i% no dou& /orr/& &a& & arriag %olni>d , a =indu

u%and a&r ra/ing I%la a, no& %&ri/&l, a oid

arriag undr & $/& /au% i% no longr a =indu' u& &

a/& rain% &a& & %aid arriag 7ould in iola&ion o &

$/& 7i/ %&ri/&l, *ro%%% onoga,. ; x*r%%ion oidGor & *ur*o% o & $/& a% n dind undr #/&ion 11 o

& $/&. I& a% a lii&d aning 7i&in & %/o* o &

dini&ion undr & %/&ion. On & o&r and & %a

x*r%%ion a% a dirn& *ur*o% undr #/&ion 494 I" and a%

&o gin aningul in&r*r&a&ion. ; x*r%%ion oidG

undr #/&ion 494 I" a% n u%d in & 7idr %n%. $

arriag 7i/ i% in iola&ion o an, *roi%ion% o la7 7ould

oid in &r% o & x*r%%ion u%d undr #/&ion 494 I". $

=indu arriag %olni>d undr & $/& /an onl, di%%oldon an, o & ground% %*/iid undr & $/&. ;ill & &i a

=indu arriag i% di%%old undr & $/& non o & %*ou%%

/an /on&ra/& %/ond arriag. "onr%ion &o I%la and arr,ing

again 7ould no&' , i&%l' di%%ol & =indu arriag undr &

$/&. ; %/ond arriag , a /onr& 7ould &ror in

iola&ion o & $/& and a% %u/ oid in &r% o #/&ion 494 I".

36

LatestLaws.com


37/42

LatestLaws.com

$n, a/& 7i/ i% in iola&ion o anda&or, *roi%ion% o la7 i%

e se oid. ; ral ra%on or & oidn%% o & %/ond

arriag i% & %u%i%&ing o & ir%& arriag 7i/ i% no&

di%%old n , & /onr%ion o & u%and. I& 7ould

giing a go-, &o & %u%&an/ o & a&&r and a/&ing again%&

& %*iri& o & %&a&u& i & %/ond arriag o & /onr& i%

ld &o lgal.K

; /our& ur&r o%rd &a& & %/ond arriag o an a*o%&a&-u%and

arrid undr & =indu +arriag $/& 7ould in iola&ion o & rul% o

Jui&,' u%&i/ and good /on%/in/' a% al%o &o% o na&ural u%&i/. ;

/our& /on/ludd &a&0

; in&r*r&a&ion 7 a gin &o #/&ion 494 I" 7ould

adan/ & in&r%& o u%&i/. I& i% n/%%ar, &a& &r %ould

aron, &7n & &7o %,%&% o la7 u%& a% &r %ould

aron, &7n & &7o /ouni&i%. ; r%ul& o &

in&r*r&a&ion' 7 a gin &o #/&ion 494 I"' 7ould &a& &

=indu la7 on & on and and & +u%li la7 on & o&r and

7ould o*ra& 7i&in &ir r%*/&i ai&% 7i&ou& &r%*a%%ing

on & *r%onal la7% o a/ o&r.K

In a %*ara& udgn& gin in & Sala !"dgal /a% Au%&i/ .+.

#aai indd %*o: & &ru& 7n %aid &a& u/ i%a**rn%ion

*rail% aou& iga, in I%laK. ro%%l, /ari/a&urd no7' & PurGani/

/on/*& o iga, ni%agd &7o 7on a**il, arrid &o & %a an

and g&&ing ro i Juall, all &a& a la7ull, 7ddd 7i /ould rig&ull,

x*/& ro & u%and.


38/42

LatestLaws.com

, announ/ing a %a /onr%ion &o I%la i% a%olu&l, al%.

Dr/ogni>ing igaou% arriag% o non-+u%li u%and% /on&ra/&d in

%u/ a rauduln& annr indd nor/% PurGani/ u%&i/. On &i% *oin& &

Sala !"dgal ruling o & #u*r "our& i% una%%ailal.

; Sala !"dgal ruling 7a% loo:d 7i& di%aour in /r&ain /ir/l%

on & ground &a& i& inringd a *r%onG% undan&al rig& &o rdo o

/on%/in/ and *ro%%ion o rligion guaran&d , $r&i/l 25 o &

"on%&i&u&ion. ; a&&r 7a% roug& or & #u*r "our& 7i/

di%i%%d & ida. In 'il( Tho)as # $nion o% &ndia (2!!!) 6 #"" 22 &

/our& o%rd0

; grian/ &a& & udgn& o & "our& aoun&% &o

iola&ion o & rdo o /on%/in/ and r *ro%%ion'

*ra/&i/ and *ro*aga&ion o rligion i% al%o ar-&/d and

a**arn&l, ar&ii/iall, /ard ou& , %u/ *r%on% 7o ar

allgd &o a iola&d & la7 , a&&*&ing &o /loa:

&%l% undr & *ro&/&i undan&al rig& guaran&d

undr $r&i/l 25 o & "on%&i&u&ion. No *r%on' , &

udgn& i*ugnd' a% n dnid & rdo o/on%/in/ and *ro*aga&ion o rligionQ. Frdo

guaran&d undr $r&i/l 25 o & "on%&i&u&ion i% %u/

rdo 7i/ do% no& n/roa/ u*on a %iilar rdo o

o&r *r%on%. @ndr & /on%&i&u&ional %/ r, *r%on

a% a undan&al rig& no& rl, &o n&r&ain & rligiou%

li o i% /oi/ u& al%o &o xii& &i% li and ida in a

annr 7i/ do% no& inring & rligiou% rig& and

*r%onal rdo o o&r%. I& 7a% /on&ndd in Sala !"dgal

/a% &a& a:ing a /or& =indu lial or *ro%/u&ion undr& nal "od 7ould again%& I%la' & rligion ado*&d

, %u/ *r%on u*on /onr%ion. #u/ a *la rai%d

don%&ra&% & ignoran/ o & *&i&ionr% aou& & &n&%

o I%la and i&% &a/ing%.K

38

LatestLaws.com


39/42

LatestLaws.com

$% rgard% & &ru *o%i&ion o & *ri%%ion or iga, undr &

&radi&ional +u%li la7' & /our& %aid0

n undr & +u%li la7 *lurali&, o arriag% i% no&

un/ondi&ionall, /onrrd u*on & u%and. I& 7ould'

&ror' doing inu%&i/ &o I%lai/ la7 &o urg &a& &

/onr& i% n&i&ld &o *ra/&i/ iga, no&7i&%&anding &

/on&inuan/ o i% arriag undr & la7 &o 7i/

longd or /onr%ion. ; iola&or% o la7 7o a

/on&ra/&d a %/ond arriag /anno& *ri&&d &o urg &a&

%u/ arriag %ould no& ad & %u/&-a&&r o

*ro%/u&ion undr & gnral *nal la7 *raln& in &

/oun&r,. ; *rogr%%i ou&loo: and 7idr a**roa/ o

I%lai/ la7 /anno& *ri&&d &o %Ju>d and narro7d , un%/ru*ulou% li&igan&%' a**arn&l, indulging in %n%ual lu%&

%oug& &o Jun/d , illgal an%' 7o a**arn&l, ar

ound &o guil&, o & /oi%%ion o & on/ undr &

la7 &o 7i/ &, longd or &ir allgd /onr%ion.

I& i% nood,G% /a% &a& an, %u/ /onr& a% n d*rid

o *ra/&i/ing an, o&r rligiou% rig& or & a&&ainn& o

%*iri&ual goal%. I%la 7i/ i% a *iou%' *rogr%%i and

r%*/&d rligion 7i& a ra&ional ou&loo: /anno& gin a

narro7 /on/*& a% a% n &rid &o don , & allgd

iola&or% o la7.K

39

LatestLaws.com


40/42

LatestLaws.com

+ha*e &&&

/onda&ion%

$ll %aid and don' & #u*r "our& o India %&&ld & la7 on/ or all

in i&% Sala !"dgal ruling o 1995 aird in 'il( Tho)as /a% o 2!!!.


41/42

LatestLaws.com

1. In & =indu +arriag $/& 1955' a&r #/&ion 1 a n7

#/&ion 1-$ in%r&d &o & /& &a& a arrid *r%on

7o% arriag i% gornd , &i% $/& /anno& arr,

again n a&r /anging rligion unl%% & ir%& arriag

i% di%%old or d/lard null and oid in a//ordan/ 7i&

la7' and i %u/ a arriag i% /on&ra/&d i& 7ill null and

oid and %all a&&ra/& a**li/a&ion o #/&ion% 494-495 o

& Indian nal "od 186!.

2. $ %iilar *roi%ion in%r&d a& %ui&al *la/% in&o &

"ri%&ian +arriag $/& 182' & ar%i +arriag and

Dior/ $/& 1936 and & Di%%olu&ion o +u%li

+arriag% $/& 1939.

3. ; roi%o &o #/&ion 4 o & Di%%olu&ion o +u%li

+arriag% $/& 1939 – %a,ing &a& &i% #/&ion 7ould no&

a**l, &o a arrid 7oan 7o 7a% originall, a non-

+u%li i % rr&% &o r original ai& – dl&d.

4. In & #*/ial +arriag $/& 1954 a *roi%ion in%r&d &o

& /& &a& i an xi%&ing arriag' , 7a&r la7 i& i%

gornd' /o% in&r-rligiou% du &o /ang o

rligion , i&r *ar&, i& 7ill &n/or& gornd ,

& *roi%ion% o & #*/ial +arriag $/& in/luding i&%

an&i-iga, *roi%ion%.

5. ; on/% rla&ing &o iga, undr #/&ion% 494-495 o

& Indian nal "od 186! ad /ogni>al ,

n/%%ar, andn& in & "od o "riinal ro/dur

193.

41

LatestLaws.com


42/42

LatestLaws.com

$l&oug 7 ull, agr 7i& & a/& &a& &radi&ional undr%&anding

o & +u%li la7 on iga, i% gral, aul&, and /onli/&% 7i& & &ru

I%lai/ la7 in l&&r and %*iri&' &o :* our r/onda&ion% a7a, ro

an, unal&, /on&ror%, 7 ar no& r/onding an, /ang in &i%

rgard in +u%li la7.

(Dr Au%&i/ $. La:%anan)"airan

(ro%%or Dr ;air +aood) (Dr Bra $.

$gra7al)

+r +r-#/r&ar,

42

LatestLaws.com

Documents

Law Commission Report No. 227- Preventing Bigamy via Conversion to Islam - A Proposal for Giving Statutory Effect to Supreme Court Rulings