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8/2/2019 Law of Public Officers
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Law of Public Officers
Regarding "how are public offices created"
The creation of the Philippine Truth Commission finds justification under Section 17,
Article VII of the Constitution, imposing upo n the President the duty to ensure that the
laws are faithfully executed. The President's power to conduct investigations to aid him in
ensuring the faithful execution of laws - in this case, fundamental laws on public
accountability and transparency - is inherent in the President's powers as Chief Executive.
That the authority of the President to conduct investigations and to create bodies to
execute this power is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution or in statutes does not
mean that he is bereft of such authority.
The Executive is given much leeway in ensuring that our laws are faithfully executed.The powers of the President are not limited to those specific powers under the
Constitution. One of the recognized powers of the President granted pursuant to this
constitutionally-mandated duty is the power to create ad hoc committees. This flows from
the obvious need to ascertain facts and determine if the laws have been faithfully
executed. It should be stressed that the purpose of allowing ad hoc investigating bodies to
exist is to allow an inquiry into matters which the Presidebt is entitled to know so that he
can be properly advised and guided in the performance of his duties relative to the
execution and enforcement of the laws of the labd. (Biraogo v. Philippibe TruthCommission of 2010, G.R. No. 192935, December 7, 2010)
Meaning ng officer under the RPC, Art. 203
Any person who, by direct provision of the law, popular election or appointment by
competent auhority, shall take part in the performance of public functions in the
Government of the Philippine Islands, or shall perform in said Government or in any of
its branches public duties as an employee, agent or subordinate official, of any rank or
class, shall be deemed to be a public officer.
Vacancy
Vacancy may be OCAA
Original - When an office is created and no one has as yet been chosen to fill it.
Constructive - When the incumbent has no legal right to the office - such as a de facto
officer - and may be legally replaced by another.
Accidental - When the incimbent is separated by any mode other than expiration of he
term, like resignation, death, removal or abandonmeby.
Absolute - When the term of the incumbent having expired, no succession has legally
qualified to replace him.
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(Cruz, The Law of Public Officers, 2010 ed., p.28)
Gawin mo sa table distinction ng career service and non-career service
Career Non career service
Entrance based on merits and fitness except
positions which are
1. Primarily confidential
2. Highly technical
3. Policy determining
Entrance other than that based ob merit and
fitness.
Determined by competitve examination Not determined by competitive examination
Opporunity for advancement to higher careerposition
No such opportunity
Security of tenure
Tenure is limited to a period specified by
law, or which is co-terminous with that of
the appointing authority or subject to his
pleasure, or which is limited to the duration
of a particular project for which purpose
employment was made.
Ad interim
Being a permanent appointment, an ad interim appointee pending action by the
Commission on Appointments enjoy securitg of tenure. (Marombhosar v. CA, G.R. No.
126481, Feb. 18, 2000)
An ad interim appointee, whose term had expired by virtue of inaction by the
Commission on Appointments, may be reappointed to the same position without violating
the Constitutional provision prohibiting an officer whose term has expired from being re-
appointed. (Matibag v. Benipayo, G.R. 130657, Apr. 1, 2002).
Where an appointment requires the approval of the CSC, such appointment may be
revoked or withdrawn by the appointing authority anytime before the approval by the
CSC. After an appointment is completed, the CSC has the power yo recall an appointment
initially approved on any of the following grounds:
1. Non-compliance with procedures/criteria in merit promotional plan;
2. Failure to pass through the selection board.
3. Violation of existing collective relative agreement promotion;
4. Violation of CSC laws, rules and regulations (Debulgado v. CSC, G.R. No. 111471,
Sept. 26, 1994).
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Right to self organization of civil service employees
The right to self organize accorded to government employees shall not carry with it the
right to engage in any form of prohibited concerted activity or mass action causing or
intending to cause work stoppage or service disruption, albeit of temporary nature. (Sec.
4, CSC Resolution No. 021316, 2002)
Impeachment
An impeachable officer who is a member of the Philippine bar cannot be disbarred first
without being impeached. (Jarque v. Desierto, 250 SCRA 11, 1995)