Layout BasicsFor

Non-Designers

xRocket Script, 36pt

Eeronauts, 400pt

CONTENTS

ToolsMaking a MockupPrinter SpreadsQuark TricksUsing ImagesUsing FontsCollecting For Output

Page Headings - Futura Condensed 48ptBody Copy - Gill Sans 18ptIllustrarion Markings - Futura, Futura Condensed 9, 10, 12, 14ptP. 15 “Runaround Example” - Gill Sans12ptP. 2 “Contents” - Futura Condensed 24ptP2. “Design Notes” - Futura Condensed 10ptCover - Rocket Script 36pt

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Design Notes:

4.When it warns you about font copying, click“OK”

5.After if finishes collecting everything for out-put, save your file again. You are now free tocopy the whole output folder to a Zip disk orCD to take to the service bureau or copyshop.

It’s important to also bring a print out to showthe printers what your final layout will look like.

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ToolsIf you are going to be doing layout of anysort, it’s important to have several tools onhand to assist you. Having these around willmake your life MUCH easier in the long run.

ESSENTIAL:18” Graphic RulerCalculatorPencilsGood Eraser (art gum)ScissorsSharpieAn Editor + Proofreader

RECOMMENDED:Saddle Stapler (long arm)X-Acto KnifePaper CutterGood Set of MarkersGlue StickScotch Tape

San-serif fonts tend to have a more modern orstreamlined look. They can be more difficult toread at lower point sizes, however. Most of thisbooklet is laid out using the san-serif fonts GillSans and Futura.

Collecting For OutputWhen you have finished your layout project youwill either print it at your desk or take it to aservice beaurau for professional printing. Whentaking work to a service bureau or copyshop themost important thing to keep in mind is that allof the elements used in layout must be together.This includes all image files, fonts (including ding-bats) and text files.

The easiest way to gather them is to use QuarkXPress’ “Collect For Output” feature, foundunder the File menu.1. From the File menu click and select “Collectfor Output.”2. Create a new folder and name it somethingother than the name of your project.3. Make sure that all of the boxes are checkedso that you get the fonts, images, color profiles,

etc. 318

Making a Mock-upBefore you get started, you are probably thinkingabout all sorts of things related to your project:Who your client is, who their (or your) intendedaudience is, what type of piece you are going toproduce, etc.

After you decide what type of piece, grab somepaper from the recycling bin and make a physicalmock up of what you want to end up with. Thisis not so important for posters or post cards, butif you are making a brochure, multi-page docu-ment (like this one), or a package of some sortit’s very handy to have a model around when youget into the nitty-gritty of the layout itself.

Having a mock-up is also helpful for figuring outhow to orient text and graphic boxes, do pagespreads and numbering, and for reference shouldyou get lost in the process.

The next few pages will have some examples tofollow.

In most instances the words you use are themost important tool for communicating yourmessage to your intended audience. The waythat the characters and words appear can be justas important as the content that you are tryingto convey.

In today’s visual culture the old rules of typogra-phy have less meaning. Serif and san-serif fontsare often mixed on pages to varying degrees ofsuccess. The key is to not go overboard. Pick 1or 2 fonts for headlines and 1 or 2 for body copyfor the entire piece and stick with them.

A very simple way to know the differencebetween the two is to remember that serif fontshave legs. For many people it is easier to readlarge blocks of text if it is published in a seriffont.

Using Fonts

For an excellent primer on typography check out:http://webmonkey.wired.com/webmonkey/design/fonts/tutorials/tutorial3.html

Garamond is a classic example of a serif font.

Garamond Serif

Serif

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Bi-Fold Brochure8.5x11 (1/4 scale)

Tri-Fold Brochure8.5x14 (1/4 scale)

Outside

Inside

Page 1Page 6Page 5

Page 4Page 3Page 2

Another “cheap and easy” trick is to use dingbatsinstead of illustrations or photographs. Dingbatsare a designation for font files that are made upmostly or entirely of simple pictures. There aremany freely available dingbat fonts that can beused in a variety of ways.

a bPyrobats, 72pt Seeing Stars, 72pt

nTropicana BV, 72pt

n60s Chic, 72pt

d

pb

Retrobats, 72pt

Retrobats, 200pt

Eeronauts BV, 72pt

`Monotype Sorts, 72pt

NWingdings 72pt

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Start with a single pagedocument, 2 columnw/.25 gutter (this is anexample) Add a secondpage using the A-Master Atool in the page layoutpalette.

You should see a represen-tation of 4 pages. Your topright page is 1, the top leftis 4, bottom left is 2, bot-tom right is 3. Followingthis:

P4 | P1 P2 | P3

The pipe "|" is just toshow the gutter. Remember to work in 4

page layouts. So if wewere laying out a 16 pagebooklet:

P16 | P1 P2 | P15 P14 | P3 P4 | P13 P12 | P5 P6 | P11 P10 | P7 P8 | P9

Booklet8.5x11 (1/4 scale)

Page 1(Front Cover)

Page 15

Page 3

Page 2

Page 14

Page 16(Back Cover)

4. Do the same with the “Clipping” tool and thenclick OK.

You can now run type around the object.You can now run type aroundthe object.You can now run type around the object.You can now run typearound the object.You can now run type around the object.Youcan now run type around the object.You can now run typearound the object.You can now run type around the object.Youcan now run type around the object.You can now run typearound the object.You can now run type around theobject.You can now run type around the object.You can nowrun type around the object.You can now run type around theobject.You can now run type around the object.You can nowrun type around the object.You can now run type around theobject.You can now run type around the object.You can nowrun type around the object.You can now run type around theobject.You can now run type around the object.You can now runtype around the object.You can now run type around the object.You cannow run type around the object.6 15

Printer SpreadsMost desktop printers will NOT allow you toprint “full bleed” - to the absolute edges of thepaper. Because of this, it’s very important toknow the maximum imageable area for the print-er you are using, and the type of media youintend to print on in order to set up marginscorrectly.

To find out the imageable area from QuarkXPress follow these steps:

1. From the File menu click and select “Print”

2. Click on the “Setup” button

1. Get your image:

3. Using the Type menu select “non-white areas”

2. Select the image box and then click on theItem menu and select Runaround.

3. Next to Printer Description select the modelprinter you will be using4. Next to Paper Size select the size paper youwill be using.

In most instances you will select Letter paper,which is standard 8.5” x 11”. Other commonsizes in the United States are Legal (8.5”x14”)and Tabloid (11”x17”). Most printers will be ableto print on Letter and Legal size paper.

See Figure 1

See Figure 1

If you have a photo of an object against a whitebackground, you can use the “Runaround” featureof Quark XPress to wrap text around it.

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The left side of the dialog box will tell you theimageable area.

In this instance:

Figure 1

5. Now Click on “Preview”

Using ImagesUsing images does not need to be difficult, butsome work is required to get them to look good.

The first rule is to make sure that your imagesare high enough resolution for print output. 300-600dpi is a good range.

If you are taking from a print source, make sureto scan the images at 300dpi or 600dpi or higher.It is always better to start with larger images andknock information out than to start small and tryto put info back in.

If you are taking pictures with a digital camera,set your camera for the highest resolution thatyou can. You may not be able to get as manyshots, but the end result will be much better.

It is possible to pull pictures off the web, but theywill usually be of low quality. If you find one thatyou just must use, take the time to make it atleast 150dpi. If it’s a JPEG, you will also have togo in and clean up some of the edges, as JPEGsare a lossy format.

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6. Next comes the math part. This is whereyour calculator comes in handy.

We take the imageable area and subtract it fromthe total area, then divide that number by 2 tofind both the left and right margins, and top andbottom margins. The formula is:

P - A2

where P=Paper Size and A=Imageable Area

So, for left and right margins:8.5000 - 8.167 = 0.333÷2 =.1665 (that’s inches)

Top and Bottom use the same formula

11.000 - 10.667 = 0.333÷2 =.1665 (that’s inches,too)

You should follow those steps for each newprinter and paper size you work with.

A quick guide to common graphic file formats from University ofNewcastle on Tynehttp://www.ncl.ac.uk/iss/printscan/file_formats.html

Bitmap, or raster, graphics basically consist of dots of colour. Some of theformats available areTIFFThe Tagged Image File Format was designed for portability but unfortu-nately many variations exist - you should always make an initial test toensure that the TIFF format produced by your graphics program is theTIFF format that can be read by any other software you wish to use theimage with.The most common TIFF variations are uncompressed andLZW compressed; both support up to 24-bit colour.The compressionused is lossless - this means that no information is lost from the pictureduring the compression process.TIFF can be used on Windows, Mac andUnix but not on the Web.JPEGThis format is most commonly used for photographs or other compleximages because it supports millions of colours in a small file size.However, the small file size is achieved by discarding information from theimage during compression (lossy compression) - the greater the compres-sion, the more the image is degraded.You should therefore never useJPEG to save a master copy of an image and you should only ever save aJPEG once, as more information is lost at each save. It is always worthexperimenting with a particular image to find the optimumcompression/quality. JPEG can be used on Windows, Mac and Unix.GIFThe Graphics Interchange Format is used primarily for simple images andis restricted in that it only supports 256 colours, although they can beany 256 colours of the millions available. GIF uses lossless compression toachieve small file sizes and comes in two flavours, 87a and 89a, the lattersupporting animation and interlacing on the Web. GIF can be used onWindows, Mac and Unix.PNGAs its name suggests, the relatively new Portable Network Graphics for-mat is one designed with the Web in mind, although only newer browsersrecognise it. It supports 24-bit colour and provides the best lossless com-pression available. PNG is a cross-platform format but because it is newyou should check whether all the applications that you want to use willsupport it.

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Common Graphic File Formats

Quark TricksThese are in no specific order, but can help youget cool results.

* Use your Colors palette to make gradients:

1) Create a text box2) Click on the “background” box in the

Colors palette3) using the drop down menu select gradi-

ent type

* Make black text grey using the % part of theColors palette:

* Use the Modify (z-M) box to change textvertically in a box, change runaround, createframes, etc.

* Use “Hyphenation Exceptions” from theUtilities menu to clean up hyphenation in story

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