Lb t R hC d t&Laboratory Research Conduct & SSy:o

L b t R h C d t &Laboratory Research Conduct & Safety: Biohazards and BiosafetyS y: o ds d os y

Environmental Health & Safety

www.mcgill.ca/ehs/laboratory/biosafety/manual


Regulations & Guidelines

Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) Guidelinesg y ( ) Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) Standards Environment Canada – New Substances Notification Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

(WHMIS)Transport Canada Transport of Dangerous Goods Transport Canada – Transport of Dangerous Goods


Regulations

PublicHealthAgency ofCanada

CanadianFoodInspectionInspection Agency

Animal Pathogens

Human Pathogens

To be merged into Canadian Biosafety Standards & Guidelines (CBSG)


To be merged into Canadian Biosafety Standards & Guidelines (CBSG)

CFIA Containment Standards

“Containment Standards for Facilities Handling Plant Pests”

“Containment Standards for Laboratories, Animal Facilities & PostLaboratories, Animal Facilities & Post Mortem Rooms Handling Prion Disease Agents” To be included in CBSG To be included in CBSG

“Containment Standards for Facilities Handling Aquatic Animal Pathogens”(2010)Pathogens (2010)


Environment CanadaNew Substances Notification Regulations(Organisms)(Organisms)

Reporting mandatory for manufactured/importedmanufactured/imported microorganisms if: Not on Domestic Substances List

Research & development exemption unless: Introduced into experimental field

study without containment


WHMIS*

CLASS AND SYMBOL CHARACTERISTICS PRECAUTIONSClass D Poisonous and Infectious Material

Microbiological agents (e.g., bacteria viruses fungi and

Wear the recommended protective equipment and clothingInfectious Material bacteria, viruses, fungi and

their toxins) that may cause illness or death

equipment and clothingWork with these materials in

designated areasDisinfect area after handlingWash hands after handling

Division 3: Biohazardous Infectious Materials Wash hands after handlingMaterials

*Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System


Where to find MSDS for infectious substances?

http://www.mcgill.ca/ehs/forms/references/links


http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/disemala/disemalae.shtml


Transport of Dangerous GoodsDivision 6.2 Biological Substances


Transport Canada -TDG RegulationsDivision 6.2 Infectious Substances

Packaging and labeling of biological agents or toxins transported toagents or toxins transported to another entity

Mandatory training for all who Mandatory training for all who transport (shipping and receiving)


Definition: Biohazards


Biohazards

Bacteria Viruses Fungig Parasites Plants and algaePlants and algae Prions


Biohazards

Toxins of biological origing g Human tissue, blood, body fluids Animal tissues, carcasses, Nucleic acids Genetically modified strains &

organisms


Biohazards

Any other material that could Any other material that could contain biohazardous material, e.g. Cell lines Cell lines Cultures from soil samples Waste water


LAI: Routes of Transmission

Direct contact (e g splash) Direct contact (e.g. splash) Inhalation

Ingestion Ingestion Parenteral inoculation Indirect contact Vectors: animal/insect bites


Safe Work Practices

Understand hazards Restrict lab access Avoid clutter Avoid clutter Use personal protective equipment

Lab coat Lab coat Gloves Eye protection Eye protection


McGill PPE Policy


Safe Work Practices (cont’d)

No shorts sandals etc No shorts, sandals, etc. “Universal Precautions” with

human bloodhuman blood No food, drinks, etc. No mouth pipetting Work carefully, deliberately



Use needles, syringes only if necessary

Decontaminate work surfaces, hands Report accidents Cuts, needlesticks, scrapes, , p Contamination of broken skin Splash of infectious materialp Incidents and near accidents



Consequences of Lapses: Consequences of Lapses: Personnel exposure Contamination of research Contamination of research Environmental release Negative public perception Negative public perception


You or a colleague could be exposed...

Unvaccinated student

Not handled by victimG ti ll Genetically modified strain

Stored in freezer,Stored in freezer, not used for 5 years


You or a colleague could be exposed...continued

27 students, 1 teacher infected

Sheep anatomy experimentL b di i d Lab disorganized, unsanitary

Dean, partyDean, party secretary relieved of duties


...your research could be exposed...

Cell culture contamination with mycoplasma


y p

…as well as the environment...

>600 animals culled

Loss of £3.5 millions per day

Lasted >20 days


Risk Groups Categorization of relative hazards of infective

organisms (4 levels)organisms (4 levels) Risk classification:

Pathogenicit Pathogenicity Infectious dose Mode of transmission Mode of transmission Host range Effective prevention (e.g vaccine)p ( g ) Effective treatment (e.g., antibiotic, antiviral PEP)


Risk GroupsRisk Groups

Risk Group 1• Low individual risk• Low individual risk• Low community risk• Unlikely to infect healthy• Unlikely to infect healthy

humans & animals

Standard molecular biology organisms, e.g. Standard molecular biology organisms, e.g. E. coliE. coli K12K12, LactobacillusLactobacillus spp., spp., Bacillus Bacillus subtilissubtilis, , MicrococcusMicrococcus spp.,spp., AAerococcuserococcus spp.spp.



Risk Group 2Moderate individual risk• Moderate individual risk

• Low community risk• Treatment/preventive• Treatment/preventive

measures available

ListeriaListeria spp., spp., Salmonella Salmonella sppspp., ., LeishmaniaLeishmania spp.,spp., ToxoplasmaToxoplasma spp., spp., AscarisAscarisspp., spp., enteropathogenicenteropathogenic E. coli, E. coli, cell lines (cell lines (HeLaHeLa, COS, COS--7, HEK)7, HEK)



Risk Group 3Risk Group 3• High individual risk

L it i k• Low community risk• Cause serious disease,

treatment/preventiontreatment/prevention usually available

Hantavirus, Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Histoplasma capsulatum, cultures of Hepatitis B, HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis



Risk Group 4Risk Group 4• High individual risk• High community riskHigh community risk• Cause serious or lethal

disease by casual contact• Effective treatment/preventive

measures not usually availableavailable

Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Herpesvirus simiae, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever


fever

Containment Level

Minimum requirements for safe handling (4 levels)handling (4 levels) Operational practices

Safe work practices Engineering, technical, physical:

Location & access Surface finishes & casework HVAC Containment perimeter (windows, autoclave

location, etc.) Services (water drains gas electricity Services (water, drains, gas, electricity,

equipment)


Containment Level 1

No special design features No special design features Biological safety cabinet not required, may be

used for sterilityused for sterility Work may be done on open benchtop

Good aseptic/microbiological technique Good aseptic/microbiological technique


Containment Level 2

Additional physical requirements, e.g. Limited access, signage, lockable doors Resistant, non-absorptive surfaces (for disinfection)

Containment of aerosols: Biological safety cabinets Centrifuges with sealed rotors or safety cups

Minimize environmental contamination: Handwashing sinks Decontamination facilities (autoclaves)


Containment Levels 3 and 4 Level 3 Respiratory protection Respiratory protection HEPA filtration of lab exhaust Strictly controlled access Strictly controlled access

Level 4 Level 4 Isolated facility with sealed perimeter Positive pressure suits or Class 3 BSC Positive pressure suits or Class 3 BSC Effluent sterilization system


Biohazards Policy*

“Prior to beginning work with biohazardous Prior to beginning work with biohazardous material, responsible users must complete and submit an Application to Use ppBiohazardous Materials to Environmental Health & Safety for review and approval”y pp

*University Laboratory Safety Committee September 24, 2007


Biohazards Applications

Completed by PI/lab supervisor prior to Completed by PI/lab supervisor prior to starting project

Required for research teaching diagnostic Required for research, teaching, diagnostic activities using biohazards

Required for all activities including Level 1 Required for all activities, including Level 1 Submit to EHS for approval (~1 week)

Y l l t i d Yearly renewal not required


Biohazards ApplicationsThesis submission guidelines – Initial Submission*

“If the research for the thesis involved microorganisms living cells.......... microorganisms, living cells,

other biohazards .......... the appropriate compliance certificates pp p pmust be included……”

*Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies: http://www.mcgill.ca/gps/students/thesis/guidelines/submission#sub


Lab Safety Training Courses

WHMIS Training for Lab Personnel WHMIS Training for Lab Personnel Principles of Laboratory Radiation Safety

Introduction to Biosafety Introduction to Biosafety Safe Use of Biological Safety Cabinets Hazardous Waste Management & Disposal

Training for Lab Personnel



Contact information: Contact information: Telephone: 514-398-4563 Fax: 514-398-8047 Fax: 514 398 8047 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.mcgill.ca/ehs Website: www.mcgill.ca/ehs Address: 3610 McTavish, 4th floor


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Lb t R hC d t&Laboratory Research Conduct & SSy:o