Leadership & ManagementLeadership & Management

Discussion for Lesson 18:Discussion for Lesson 18:

FollowershipFollowership

Lesson 18Lesson 18Reading ObjectivesReading Objectives

1. The student will comprehend their followership style and 1. The student will comprehend their followership style and take steps to become a more effective follower.take steps to become a more effective follower.

2. The student will comprehend and apply the principles of 2. The student will comprehend and apply the principles of courageous followership, including responsibility, courageous followership, including responsibility, service, challenging authority, participating in change service, challenging authority, participating in change and knowing when to leave.and knowing when to leave.

3. The student will comprehend developing personal 3. The student will comprehend developing personal potential to include the Seven Habits of Highly potential to include the Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.Effective People.

Lesson 18Lesson 18Discussion ObjectivesDiscussion Objectives

1. The student will apply the principles of 1. The student will apply the principles of courageous followership, including courageous followership, including responsibility, service, challenging authority, responsibility, service, challenging authority, participate in change and knowing when to participate in change and knowing when to leave.leave.

2. The student will comprehend developing 2. The student will comprehend developing personal potential to include the Seven Habits personal potential to include the Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.of Highly Effective People.

The Courageous FollowerThe Courageous Follower

Courage is found in both effective leaders and Courage is found in both effective leaders and followers:followers: Willingness to take risks, challenge authority and to Willingness to take risks, challenge authority and to

believe one’s own ideas are superior typically marks a believe one’s own ideas are superior typically marks a follower as a future leader. follower as a future leader.

Follower role includes responsibility, service, Follower role includes responsibility, service, challenging authority, participating in change and challenging authority, participating in change and knowing when its time to leave organization.knowing when its time to leave organization.

These components of followership require courage.These components of followership require courage.

Role of the Follower Role of the Follower

Leadership and followership are Leadership and followership are fundamental roles that individuals shift in fundamental roles that individuals shift in and out of under various conditions.and out of under various conditions.

Followers’ influence upon a leader can Followers’ influence upon a leader can enhance or underscore shortcomings in enhance or underscore shortcomings in the leader.the leader.

Many qualities desirable in a leader are Many qualities desirable in a leader are the same qualities possessed by an the same qualities possessed by an effective follower. effective follower.

Role of the Follower (Cont.)Role of the Follower (Cont.)

Courage to assume responsibilityCourage to assume responsibility Courageous followers:Courageous followers:

• Do not presume that a leader or an organization Do not presume that a leader or an organization will provide them with security, permission to act or will provide them with security, permission to act or personal growth.personal growth.

• Initiate opportunities for personal fulfillment, growth Initiate opportunities for personal fulfillment, growth and the fullest use of their capabilities.and the fullest use of their capabilities.

Role of the Follower (Cont.)Role of the Follower (Cont.)

Courage to serveCourage to serve Courageous followers:Courageous followers:

• Discern the needs of the organization and actively Discern the needs of the organization and actively seek to serve those needs.seek to serve those needs.

• Support the leader’s decision, providing strength, Support the leader’s decision, providing strength, complementing the leader’s position and serving complementing the leader’s position and serving others’ display of follower’s courage.others’ display of follower’s courage.

Role of the Follower (Cont.)Role of the Follower (Cont.)

Courage to challengeCourage to challenge Courageous followers:Courageous followers:

• Do not sacrifice the purpose of the organization or Do not sacrifice the purpose of the organization or their personal ethics in order to maintain harmony their personal ethics in order to maintain harmony and minimize conflict.and minimize conflict.

• They stand up against leaders and decisions when They stand up against leaders and decisions when that behavior contradicts the best interest of the that behavior contradicts the best interest of the organization or their own integrity.organization or their own integrity.

Role of the Follower (Cont.)Role of the Follower (Cont.)

Courage to participate in transformationCourage to participate in transformation Courageous followers:Courageous followers:

• View the struggle of corporate change and View the struggle of corporate change and transformation as a mutual experience.transformation as a mutual experience.

• Support the leader and the organization during a Support the leader and the organization during a difficult transformation.difficult transformation.

• Are not afraid to confront change and work toward Are not afraid to confront change and work toward reshaping the organization.reshaping the organization.

Role of the Follower (Cont.)Role of the Follower (Cont.)

Courage to leaveCourage to leave Often organizational change creates a Often organizational change creates a

situation in which a follower must withdraw situation in which a follower must withdraw from a leader-follower relationship.from a leader-follower relationship.

Followers are not afraid to depart because Followers are not afraid to depart because they do not rely on leaders or organizations they do not rely on leaders or organizations for their self-worth.for their self-worth.

Styles of FollowershipStyles of Followership

Robert E. Kelley described five styles of Robert E. Kelley described five styles of followership categorized according to two followership categorized according to two dimensions:dimensions: The first dimension is the quality of independent, The first dimension is the quality of independent,

critical thinking, versus dependent, uncritical thinking:critical thinking, versus dependent, uncritical thinking:• A dependent, uncritical thinker does not consider A dependent, uncritical thinker does not consider

possibilities, does not contribute to the cultivation possibilities, does not contribute to the cultivation of the organization and accepts the leader’s ideas of the organization and accepts the leader’s ideas without thinking.without thinking.

Styles of Followership (Cont.)Styles of Followership (Cont.)

The second dimension is active versus The second dimension is active versus passive behavior:passive behavior: An active individual participates fully in the An active individual participates fully in the

organization.organization. A passive individual is characterized by a A passive individual is characterized by a

need for constant supervision.need for constant supervision.

Styles of Followership (Cont.)Styles of Followership (Cont.)

Dimensions result in five Followership styles:Dimensions result in five Followership styles: Alienated Follower: Passive yet independent, critical Alienated Follower: Passive yet independent, critical

thinker.thinker. Conformist: Active participant who does not utilize Conformist: Active participant who does not utilize

critical thinking skills.critical thinking skills. Pragmatic Survivor: Has qualities of all four Pragmatic Survivor: Has qualities of all four

extremes, depending upon which fits situation.extremes, depending upon which fits situation. Passive Follower: Exhibits neither critical, Passive Follower: Exhibits neither critical,

independent thinking nor active participation.independent thinking nor active participation. Effective Follower: Critical, independent thinker and Effective Follower: Critical, independent thinker and

active in the organization. Future leader.active in the organization. Future leader.

Sources of Follower CourageSources of Follower Courage

The courage to accept risk derives from several The courage to accept risk derives from several sources:sources: Strength from personal philosophy/religious beliefs.Strength from personal philosophy/religious beliefs. A vision of the future can provide courage to follow A vision of the future can provide courage to follow

difficult course of action.difficult course of action. Past event that tested individual courage can make Past event that tested individual courage can make

future courageous behavior easier.future courageous behavior easier. Personal values can give one the courage to act.Personal values can give one the courage to act. Commitment to peers, deep concern for others and Commitment to peers, deep concern for others and

outrage toward injustice can foster change.outrage toward injustice can foster change.

Developing Personal PotentialDeveloping Personal Potential

Steven Covey defines a habit as the Steven Covey defines a habit as the intersection of knowledge, skill and desire.intersection of knowledge, skill and desire.

He arranges seven habits along a He arranges seven habits along a continuum from dependence to continuum from dependence to interdependence.interdependence.

Developing Personal Potential Developing Personal Potential (Cont.)(Cont.)

Each habit builds on the previous one so Each habit builds on the previous one so individuals grow further along the maturity individuals grow further along the maturity continuum as they develop personal continuum as they develop personal effectiveness habits:effectiveness habits: Dependent Dependent people expect someone to take care of people expect someone to take care of

them and blame others when things go wrong.them and blame others when things go wrong. IndependentIndependent people have developed a sense of self- people have developed a sense of self-

worth and an attitude of self-reliance.worth and an attitude of self-reliance. InterdependentInterdependent people realize that it is best to work people realize that it is best to work

cooperatively with others.cooperatively with others.

Developing Personal Potential Developing Personal Potential (Cont.)(Cont.)

Covey’s first three habits deal with self-Covey’s first three habits deal with self-reliance and self-mastery. These are private reliance and self-mastery. These are private victories; they only involve the follower:victories; they only involve the follower:Habit 1: Be ProactiveHabit 1: Be Proactive®®

• Be responsible, don’t blame others.Be responsible, don’t blame others.

Habit 2: Begin With The End In MindHabit 2: Begin With The End In Mind®®• Start with a clear mental image of your destination.Start with a clear mental image of your destination.

Habit 3: Put First Things FirstHabit 3: Put First Things First®®• Focus on preserving and enhancing relationships and Focus on preserving and enhancing relationships and

on accomplishing results.on accomplishing results.

Effective InterdependenceEffective Interdependence

The first three habits build a foundation on The first three habits build a foundation on independence, from which one can move to independence, from which one can move to interdependence—caring, productive interdependence—caring, productive relationships with others which Covey calls relationships with others which Covey calls public victories.public victories.

When a person moves to interdependence, s/he When a person moves to interdependence, s/he assumes a leadership role.assumes a leadership role.

Effective Interdependence (Cont.)Effective Interdependence (Cont.)

Habit 4: Think Win-WinHabit 4: Think Win-Win®®• Implies understanding that without cooperation, the Implies understanding that without cooperation, the

organization cannot succeed.organization cannot succeed.

Habit 5: Seek First To Understand, Then To Be Habit 5: Seek First To Understand, Then To Be UnderstoodUnderstood®®• Requires a nonjudgmental attitude. Emphatic Requires a nonjudgmental attitude. Emphatic

listening gets inside another person’s frame of listening gets inside another person’s frame of reference.reference.

Effective Interdependence (Cont.)Effective Interdependence (Cont.)

Habit 6: SynergizeHabit 6: Synergize®®• Synergy is the combined action that occurs when Synergy is the combined action that occurs when

people work together to create new alternatives people work together to create new alternatives and solutions. The essence of synergy is to value and solutions. The essence of synergy is to value and respect differences.and respect differences.

Habit 7: Sharpen The Saw®Habit 7: Sharpen The Saw®• Process of using and continuously renewing the Process of using and continuously renewing the

physical, mental, spiritual and social aspects of life.physical, mental, spiritual and social aspects of life.

Next ClassNext Class

Groups and TeamsGroups and Teams Read: Leadership & Management, Read: Leadership & Management,

Chapter 19Chapter 19

SummarySummary

Follower role includes responsibility, service, Follower role includes responsibility, service, challenging authority, participating in change challenging authority, participating in change and knowing when its time to leave organization.and knowing when its time to leave organization.

Developing Personal Potential:Developing Personal Potential: Covey defines a habit as the intersection of Covey defines a habit as the intersection of

knowledge, skill and desire.knowledge, skill and desire. He arranges seven habits along a continuum from He arranges seven habits along a continuum from

dependence to interdependence.dependence to interdependence. When a person moves to interdependence, s/he When a person moves to interdependence, s/he

assumes a leadership role.assumes a leadership role.

Summary (Cont.)Summary (Cont.)

Habit 1: Be ProactiveHabit 1: Be Proactive®® Habit 2: Begin With The End In MindHabit 2: Begin With The End In Mind®® Habit 3: Put First Things FirstHabit 3: Put First Things First®® Habit 4: Think Win-WinHabit 4: Think Win-Win®® Habit 5: Seek First To Understand, Then To Be Habit 5: Seek First To Understand, Then To Be

UnderstoodUnderstood®® Habit 6: SynergizeHabit 6: Synergize®® Habit 7: Sharpen The Saw®Habit 7: Sharpen The Saw®

Questions?Questions?

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