LEAP 2017 OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS

Center for Economic Research in Tennessee (CERT)

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CENTER FOR ECONOMIC RESEARCH IN TENNESSEE (CERT) Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development 312 Rosa L. Parks Avenue, 27th Floor Nashville, Tennessee 37243 TNECD.com © November 1, 2017 Authors: Sally Avery, Director, CERT sally.avery@tn.gov 615-979-6064 Katherine Scott, Statistical Research Specialist, CERT katherine.scott@tn.gov 615-761-4127 Ann Thompson, Director, Workforce Development ann.thompson@tn.gov 615-913-0842

Interact with the data via an interactive dashboard by clicking here.

Download an excel file of data by clicking here.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Tennessee Workforce Development Initiatives ............................................................................................... 4 Utilizing LEAP Report 2017 .................................................................................................................................. 8 Occupational Analysis: Jobs with High Employer Demand ............................................................................. 9 Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) .................................................................................... 10 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................................... 11 Production Occupations ................................................................................................................................... 12 Information Technology (IT) Occupations ...................................................................................................... 16 Engineering and Related Occupations ........................................................................................................... 19 Healthcare Occupations ................................................................................................................................... 21 Business and Financial Operations Occupations .......................................................................................... 25 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations ....................................................................................... 28 Appendix A: Occupations with High Employer Demand ............................................................................. 30

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INTRODUCTION

Under the leadership of Gov. Bill Haslam and Department of Economic and Community Development Commissioner Bob Rolfe, Tennessee continues to experience unprecedented growth. Current private sector employment has increased to 2,593,100, up 17.8 percent from the beginning of the Haslam Administration.1

The state’s unemployment rate began to steadily decline in 2017 and has reached historic lows for the fourth straight month as of September 2017. Tennessee’s unemployment rate has dropped nearly three times as fast as the national unemployment rate.2

Tennessee ranks No. 1 among U.S. states for advanced industry job growth. Over the last five years, Tennessee’s advanced industry workforce has increased by 25.1 percent—a net increase of 51,719 new advanced industry jobs—which outpaces the national average growth rate of 10.9 percent.3 The advanced industries are defined as a group of 50 industries which have high levels of R&D spending per worker and which have an above-average share of workers with STEM knowledge.4 In Tennessee, the automotive industry comprises a quarter of the state’s advanced industry workforce—and has grown by 62 percent over the last five years. Other leading advanced industries, each of which employs 5000+ workers in Tennessee, are presented in the table below.

Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing

Management, Scientific, Technical Consulting

Services

Architectural, Engineering, and Related

Services

Computer Systems Design and Related

Services

Motor Vehicle Manufacturing

Resin, Synthetic Rubber, and Artificial Synthetic Fibers and Filaments

Manufacturing

Household Appliance Manufacturing

Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing

Scientific Research and Development Services

Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories

Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing

Electrical Equipment Manufacturing

Other General Purpose Machinery

Manufacturing

Data Processing, Hosting, and Related

Services

Basic Chemical Manufacturing

In support of Tennessee business needs for a high quality workforce, Governor Haslam’s Drive to 55 initiative aims to ensure 55 percent of Tennesseans obtain a postsecondary credential by the year 2025. Multiple state strategies have been created and implemented to achieve the goal—and the state is seeing positive growth in educational attainment as a result. According to the Lumina Foundation,5 Tennessee has increased the state educational attainment rate to 39.7 percent with the inclusion of certificates. Additionally, Tennessee has led the nation in the number of students filing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) for the third year in a row. Tennessee set a new record when 73.5 percent of high school seniors filed the FAFSA for 2017-18 academic year.6

This Labor and Educational Alignment Program (LEAP) Report serves to identify occupations throughout the state which are in high demand by Tennessee’s business community.

1 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics for September 2017 2 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics for September 2017 3 Source: CERT analysis of Economic Modeling Specialists Intl. 4 “America’s advanced industries: New trends.” The Brookings Institute, August 2016. https://www.brookings.edu/research/americas-advanced-industries-new-trends/ 5 http://strongernation.luminafoundation.org/report/2017/#state/TN 6 Tennessee Higher Education Commission, https://www.tn.gov/thec/article/tn-fafsa-filing-rate; https://www.tn.gov/governor/news/52017

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TENNESSEE WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES

Tennessee Promise

Tennessee Promise provides high school students two years of tuition-free community or technical college for up to five semesters. In addition to removing the financial barrier, the program also provides students with a volunteer mentor to help guide them through the college application process. In return, the student must attend mandatory meetings, meet critical deadlines, complete eight hours of community service each semester, and maintain a 2.0 GPA throughout their tenure. Tennessee Promise is administered in partnership with tnAchieves, formerly known as Knox Achieves prior to the statewide initiative.

As of fall 2017, a total of 33,081 students have utilized the program to attend college. Cohort 1 (6,505 students) has a 63% overall retention rate, with a 58% retention in community college and an 83% retention in technical colleges. The average award for 16-17 is $1,090 for total cost of $25,300,000. The first time freshman enrollment has increased 13% from fall 2014-fall 2016.

Tennessee Reconnect

The participation of adults that lack a postsecondary degree or credential is critical to complete the Drive to 55 mission. Tennessee Reconnect uses Tennessee Reconnect communities to focus on and serve between 900,000 and 1,000,000 adults who have completed some college but have not obtained a certificate or credential. Currently, all Tennessee adults can now earn a diploma or certificate at any of the 40 Tennessee Community or Applied Technology Colleges completely free of tuition and fees. There are also opportunities to attend community college, and a veteran-specific Tennessee Reconnect program has recently been created.

Tennessee Labor and Education Alignment Grant (LEAP)

Spearheaded by Senate Majority Leader Mark Norris, LEAP has changed the culture of how Tennesseans address and tackle workforce challenges. Governor Haslam and the Tennessee Legislature has provided $20M in competitive grant funding to eliminate skills gaps across the state in a proactive, data-driven, and coordinated manner by encouraging collaboration across education and industry.

Advise TN

Advise TN is a college advising and capacity building program driven by the belief that every student has the potential to attend and thrive in postsecondary education. Advise TN aims to increase the number of Tennesseans accessing higher education by partnering with high schools and providing college advising services to up to 10,000 junior and senior students across Tennessee. The program began in fall 2016 and will provide services at participating high schools with the intention of helping students enroll in the postsecondary option where the student will be most likely to succeed and persist to a degree or credential. This includes a four-year university, community college, Tennessee College of Applied Technology or other form of quality postsecondary education.

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2017 Advise Partner Schools:

County 2017 Advise Partner School

County 2017 Advise Partner School Cheatham Cheatham County Central High School

Knox Austin East High School

Davidson Hunters Lane High School

Lake Lake County High School Dickson Dickson County High School

Lauderdale Halls High School

Dyer Dyer County High School

Lincoln Lincoln County High School Franklin Franklin County High School

Loudon Lenoir City High School

Gibson Humboldt Junior and Senior High School

Madison Liberty Technology Magnet High School Greene Chuckey-Doak High School

Monroe Sequoyah High School

Greene North Greene High School

Montgomery Kenwood High School Grundy Grundy County High School

Montgomery Northwest High School

Hamilton Brainerd High School

Overton Livingston Academy Henry Henry County High School

Rutherford LaVergne High School

Hickman East Hickman High School

Shelby Overton High School Hickman Hickman County High School

Warren Warren County High School

Jefferson Jefferson County High School

Washington David Crockett High School Knox Fulton High School

White White County High School

Drive to 55 Capacity Fund

Governor Haslam has dedicated $24.5 million to be administered to postsecondary institutes by way of a competitive RFP to build and/or expand physical and programmatic campus resources to meet the increased enrollment numbers due to Tennessee Promise and Tennessee Reconnect. These awards were announced in November 2016.

Postsecondary Institution Physical and Programmatic Campus Resources Award Dyersburg State Community College Building Capacity for Nursing Program $1,075,000 East Tennessee State University Sevierville Program Expansion $818,000 Motlow State Community College Advanced Robotics Training Center $5,500,000 TCAT Crump Chester County Welding Program Expansion $114,380 TCAT Harriman Loudon County Instructional Service Center Allied Health Academy $264,000 TCAT Knoxville TCAT Training Facility in Anderson County $5,700,000 TCAT Memphis Bartlett Satellite Campus $4,000,000

TCAT Pulaski Campus Expansion for Advanced Manufacturing, Industrial Maintenance and Special Industry Training

$3,171,350

Tennessee Technological University Tennessee Center for Poultry Science Excellence $2,070,000 Volunteer State Community College Warf Science Building Addition $1,560,000

In addition, Governor Haslam utilized federal CDBG funding to create $10,000,000 Workforce Development Grants. These awards were announced in July 2017.

Postsecondary Institution Workforce Development Grant Funding TCAT Ripley Industrial Electricity Program $380,154 TCAT Covington Healthcare Training Facility $3,260,000 TCAT Winchester New TCAT Location $4,900,000 TCAT Jacksboro Welding Equipment for Campbell Co. HS $84,925 TCAT Livingston Transportation Training Center $1,284,921

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Complete TN

Launched in the fall of 2016 as nonprofit 501(c)3 education advocacy organization, Complete TN is focused on increasing postsecondary access and completion in all post-secondary programs in Tennessee. The work centers on four primary focus areas of community engagement, advocacy and accountability, leadership development, and innovation to identify best practices and initiatives to promote post-secondary attainment and completion.

Apprenticeships and Work-Based Learning

As the state unemployment rate continues to decrease, the development of workforce pipelines becomes increasingly important. Governor Haslam invested $1,000,000 into a new, innovative Work-Based Learning Grant facilitated by the Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development. These grants will be announced in November of 2017. In addition, the Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development have partnered with Economic and Community Development to design a statewide strategic plan for apprenticeship and pre-apprenticeship programs. The recommendations will be available in 2018.

Workforce360º

The Department of Economic and Community Development houses Workforce360º, an initiative which brings together multiple state agencies to a single meeting with business to discuss workforce challenges and identify specific strategic solutions. This approach creates an efficient and effective method for working with business across the state and increases the opportunity to leverage state resources.

State partners include Tennessee Colleges of Applied Technology, Tennessee Community Colleges, Tennessee 4-Year universities, Tennessee Departments of Education, Labor and Workforce Development, and Human Services, and the Tennessee Higher Education Commission. These collaborative meetings can occur at a local, regional, or state level and result in better alignment of education and industry.

Distressed Counties

The Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development recognizes that the unprecedented job growth, increased educational attainment and rising incomes occurring in many Tennessee counties is not being experienced by all Tennessee counties. Specifically, many rural counties continue to struggle. In fiscal year 2016, Tennessee was home to 21 distressed counties, ranking in the bottom 10 percent nationally for per capita market income, poverty rate and unemployment rate. In fiscal year 2018, Tennessee is home to 19 nationally distressed counties, an increase compared to the 17 counties designated in fiscal year 2017. The department will continue to focus on these counties through initiatives under the leadership of Assistant Commissioner of Rural Development Amy New until the ultimate goal of zero distressed counties is met.

Tennessee Broadband Accessibility Act

Broadband access is essential to economic and workforce development initiatives. Tennessee currently ranks 29th in the U.S. for broadband access, with 13 percent of the state lacking accessibility. While only 2 percent of the state’s urban citizens lack access, 34 percent of rural residents are without coverage at recognized minimum standards due to low population density and challenging geography. Too many Tennesseans are living without the connectivity they need for growing businesses, increased education, agriculture advancements and health care options. With a focus on private sector broadband deployment, the Tennessee Broadband Accessibility Act addresses broadband access and adoption in three primary ways: Investment, Deregulation and Education.

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Investment

The legislation, coupled with Governor Haslam’s proposed budget, provides $45 million over three years through grants and tax credits that focus on the state’s unserved areas.

- Establishes the “Broadband Accessibility Grant Program,” providing $30 million over a three-year period ($10 million per year) to broadband providers to encourage deployment to unserved homes and businesses.

- Provides a tax credit to private service providers totaling $15 million over three years ($5 million per year) based on the purchase of broadband equipment used to provide broadband access in our most economically challenged counties.

Deregulation

The governor’s proposal permits the state’s private, nonprofit electric cooperatives to provide broadband service.

- Electric cooperatives, currently restricted from providing retail broadband services, are uniquely situated to assist in bridging the broadband accessibility gap with experience serving areas with lower population densities and providing universal service throughout their territories.

- The legislation strengthens protections that prevent electric cooperatives from using electric system assets to subsidize broadband services and ensures that cooperative participation in the broadband market will not limit consumers’ choices.

Education

Accessibility to broadband without adoption of its benefits accomplishes little. Public and private programs can address broadband adoption through training and assistance. Through the state’s Rural Task Force and other coordinated efforts, existing programs and resources can be evaluated and leveraged to drive broadband adoption.

The bill provides grant funding opportunities to the state’s local libraries to help residents improve their digital literacy skills and maximize the benefits of broadband.

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UTILIZING LEAP REPORT 2017

Pursuant to Section 10 of Public Chapter 338, the Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development will submit a report to partner agencies on demonstrated workforce needs within existing and prospective businesses across the state. The following report fulfills this requirement. LEAP 2017 Occupational Analysis identifies 255 in-demand occupations based on hires, openings, and/or postings relative to total employment. In addition, postsecondary programs of study linked to production, information technology, engineering, healthcare, business and financial operations, and transportation and material moving occupations are outlined regionally, showing alignment and opportunities for alignment between education and industry in Tennessee. This report seeks to aid in local, regional and state policy decision-making by clearly depicting in-demand occupations and highlighting opportunities to reduce education gaps. The following are six specific examples of how to best consume and utilize the LEAP 2017 Occupational Analysis.

1) Community Education: This report can be used as a teaching resource to inform youth, adults, traditional and non-traditional students, teachers, guidance counselors, parents, chambers of commerce and economic development professionals about in-demand occupations in Tennessee.

2) Increase in Postsecondary Offerings: This report can be used to identify gaps in educational programing connected to in-demand occupations and depict opportunities to develop postsecondary programs aligned to the demonstrated need.

3) Increase in K-12 Offerings: This report can be used to identify gaps in secondary education programs

alignment to in-demand opportunities. Companies can also increase partnerships with school systems through career exploration courses, guest speaker events, facilitating industry tours and work-based learning experiences for K-12 students.

4) Education and Industry Partnerships: This report highlights the need and opportunities for increased education and industry alignment. Both partners have the ability to proactively approach one another to explore strategies.

5) Expanded Education Work Experiences: The best way to learn about an occupation is to experience it firsthand. Programs such as work-based learning, internships, co-ops and apprenticeships are valuable opportunities for the company and student, as well as the educational institution. In addition, there are state and federal resources available to support the expansion of these programs.

6) Data Support: The data from this report and the full download can be utilized in applications to pursue local, state and federal grants attainment.

Over the last year, Tennessee has seen a tightening of the labor force—the unemployment rate has reached historic lows for four consecutive months. Tennessee is poised to continue to experience extraordinary growth as long as the readiness of our skilled workforce aligns with the industry needs. The availability of a strong workforce pipeline and the statewide alignment of education and industry are necessary for future statewide success.

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OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS: JOBS WITH HIGH EMPLOYER DEMAND

The Center for Economic Research in Tennessee (CERT) conducted an analysis to identify jobs for which Tennessee employers have a high demand to fill. For each of the state’s nine regions, CERT analyzed occupations with high numbers of job postings, hires and/or job openings relative to an occupation’s total employment.

In total, CERT identified 255 job classifications7 with high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. Out of 785 job classifications, CERT identified for each region a number of in-demand job classifications ranging from 103 to 123. The Northern Middle region of Tennessee had 123 occupations identified as in-demand, which was more than any other region. In the Northern Middle region of Tennessee, these occupations had 354,737 unique job postings in 2016; 255,349 hires in 2016; and 207,568 job openings between 2011 and 2016. In the Northeast region of Tennessee, 103 occupations were identified with high employer demand. For these occupations, the Northeast region had 71,476 unique job postings; 40,831 hires in 2016; and 34,207 job openings between 2011 and 2016.

Tennessee Region Number of Occupations

with High Employer Demand

For Job Classifications in High Demand: Unique Job

Postings (2016) Hires (2016) Openings (2011 -

2016) Greater Memphis 111 139,804 166,417 112,707 Northwest 106 52,671 22,060 18,110 Southwest 105 54,135 25,795 21,152 Northern Middle 123 354,737 255,349 207,568 Southern Middle 117 90,749 37,894 35,535 Upper Cumberland 120 60,862 34,487 29,012 East 111 184,593 137,213 114,021 Southeast 120 110,438 112,549 73,180 Northeast 103 71,476 40,831 34,207

Total 255 1,119,465 832,595 645,492

This report highlights a few occupation groups which have high employer demand across the state: • Production occupations (see page 12), • Information technology occupations (see page 16), • Healthcare occupations (see page 21), and • Engineering and engineering-related occupations (see page 19). • Business and financial operations occupations (see page 25). • Transportation and material moving occupations (see page 28).

For each of these occupation groups, programs offered at Tennessee colleges and universities are highlighted which support and supply the workforce for occupations with high employer demand.

While six occupation groups are highlighted in this report, nearly every occupation group has occupations in high demand. The table below reflects the total number of job classifications within each group, and the share of those occupations identified as in-demand. Computer and mathematical occupations had a large share of in-demand job classifications (12 of 19 computer and mathematical occupations identified as in-demand). Healthcare support also had a large share of occupations identified as in-demand (11 of 17 healthcare support occupations.)

7 The 255 occupations with high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions are provided in Appendix A.

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Occupation Group Occupations with High

Employer Demand in 1 or More Regions

All Occupations in Group

Management (11-0000) 12 34 Business and Financial Operations8 (13-0000) 10 32 Computer9 and Mathematical (15-0000) 12 19 Architecture and Engineering10 (17-0000) 10 35 Life, Physical, and Social Science (19-0000) 6 43 Community and Social Service (21-0000) 8 18 Legal (23-0000) - 9 Education, Training, and Library (25-0000) 4 27 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media (27-0000) 10 41 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical11 (29-0000) 9 61 Healthcare Support12 (31-0000) 11 17 Protective Service (33-0000) 5 22 Food Preparation and Serving Related (35-0000) 2 18 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance (37-0000) 7 10 Personal Care and Service (39-0000) 6 33 Sales and Related (41-0000) 15 22 Office and Administrative Support (43-0000) 28 56 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry (45-0000) 6 15 Construction and Extraction (47-0000) 20 60 Installation, Maintenance and Repair (49-0000) 20 52 Production13 (51-0000) 36 108 Transportation and Material Moving14 (53-0000) 18 52 Military (55-0000) - 1

TOTAL 255 785

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATH (STEM)

Fifteen percent of the jobs identified in this analysis are STEM or STEM-related occupations (39 in-demand occupations). Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) occupations are high-wage jobs with many openings in Tennessee. Seven percent of Tennessee’s openings from 2011 to 2016 are in STEM and STEM-related fields. STEM and STEM-related jobs are projected to grow by 19.4 percent in Tennessee in the next ten years (2016-2026); over the same time period, all occupations are projected to grow 12 percent.

Most of the regionally in-demand STEM and STEM-related occupations are within the IT, engineering and healthcare occupation groups, which are highlighted in this report.

8 See page 25 for a list of business and financial operations occupations with high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. 9 See page 16 for a list of computer (or IT) occupations with high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. 10 See page 19 for a list of the engineering occupations with high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. 11 See page 21 for a list of the healthcare practitioners and technical occupations with high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. 12 See page 21 for a list of the healthcare support occupations with high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. 13 See page 12 for a list of the production occupations with high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. 14 See page 28 for a list of the transportation and material moving occupations with high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions.

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METHODOLOGY

To measure jobs which have “high” employer demand relative to average or low employer demand, CERT analyzed postings, hires and openings for an occupation relative to total employment in the occupation. Occupations which meet at least two of these three requirements, based on 2016 data, are identified to have high employer demand:

1. The ratio of job postings (2016) to employment for an occupation is greater than or equal to the median ratio for all jobs in the region.

2. The ratio of hires (2016) to employment for an occupation is greater than or equal to the median ratio for all jobs in the region.

3. The ratio of job openings (2011-2016) to employment for an occupation is greater than or equal to the median ratio for all jobs in the region.

CERT set a minimum wage threshold in this analysis in order to encourage job creation and skill development in high quality jobs. All occupations identified have a median wage which is at least the median wage for the region.

Occupations employing less than 0.04 percent of the region’s total employment are excluded from this report.

DATA DEFINITIONS: Unique Job Postings: ‘Unique Job Postings’ denotes the number of de-duplicated job advertisements listed by different companies on online career sites or job boards. De-duplication is a process used to count a job posting only once even if there are listings of the same job on multiple career sites or jobs boards.

Hires: A hire is reported by the Census Bureau’s Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) when an individual’s Social Security number appears on a company’s payroll and was not there the quarter before. The QWI program produces a comprehensive tabulation of employment and wage information for workers covered by state unemployment insurance laws, similar to the BLS QCEW program.

Openings: EMSI estimates the change in new jobs and replacement jobs. ‘New Jobs’ estimates the change in the total number of workers employed in an occupation. ‘Replacement Jobs’ estimates the workers that are permanently leaving an occupation. The sum of new jobs and replacement jobs indicates openings

Concentration of Employment: Concentration of employment compares an occupation’s share of total employment within a region to that occupation’s share of total employment in the nation.

SOURCE:

Data in this report comes from Economic Modeling Specialists, Intl. (EMSI). (2017.3 Class of Worker).

Major data sources for the 2017.3 EMSI release include: BLS Quarterly Census of Employment & Wages 2016Q4; BLS Occupational Employment Statistics 2016; BLS Natl. Employment Projections 2014-2024; BEA State Personal Income 2015; BEA Local Area Personal Income 2015; Census Bureau American Community Survey 2015; Census Bureau Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) 2017Q2; US Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).

IPEDS Data: The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) from the U.S. Department of Education is the source of postsecondary program completion data incorporated into EMSI and this report. IPEDS is a very comprehensive data source because institutions, public and private, that participate in federal student aid programs are required by the Higher Education Act of 1965 to report their data to IPEDS. These institutions self-report, so there is a possibility for errors and inconsistencies.

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PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS

Throughout Tennessee, employers are seeking out individuals interested in production positions. Colleges and training facilities provide programs that prepare jobseekers with the skill sets needed to work in production. Production occupations located in almost every region throughout the state have training programs that can help jobseekers acquire skills needed to perform a job.

The table below outlines production occupations that have high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. In the table, an “X” denotes high demand for an occupation in the specific individual region of Tennessee. There are several training programs jobseekers can access to obtain the necessary skill sets to work in production. A few key programs are identified in the table below, but do not encompass all training programs available.15 The letters in the “Related Programs” column of the table correspond to key programs for production, which are outlined in the following pages.

IN-DEMAND PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS

SOC Code Occupation

East

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51-2022 Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers

X

X X

X X X X 7 a

51-2023 Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers

X 1 51-2031 Engine and Other Machine Assemblers

X 1

51-2092 Team Assemblers X X

X X X X X X 8 51-2099 Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other X

X

X X

4

51-3011 Bakers X

X

2 51-3021 Butchers and Meat Cutters X X X X X X X X X 9 51-3023 Slaughterers and Meat Packers X

1

51-3092 Food Batchmakers

X X X

X

4 51-3099 Food Processing Workers, All Other

X

1

51-4011 Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic

X X X

X X 5 b, c

51-4012 Computer Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Programmers, Metal and Plastic

X 1 b, c

51-4031 Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

X X

X

3

51-4033 Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

X

X

X X 4 d, b

51-4041 Machinists

X

X X

X X 5 d, b

51-4072 Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

X X

X

3

15 This report identifies only a few key programs available to support the jobs which are in demand; not all available educational programs are highlighted. The programs were identified using Economic Modeling Specialists Intl. (EMSI), which has a crosswalk between occupations and programs. 16 See corresponding programs in the following pages.

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SOC Code Occupation

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51-4081 Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

X

X

2 d, b

51-4111 Tool and Die Makers

X

X

X

3 e 51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers

X X X X X

X X 7 f

51-4122 Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

X 1 f

51-4191 Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

X

1

51-4199 Metal Workers and Plastic Workers, All Other

X

X 2 d, b 51-5112 Printing Press Operators

X X

X 3

51-6031 Sewing Machine Operators

X 1 51-6093 Upholsterers

X

X

2

51-7011 Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters X

X

X 3

51-7041 Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood

X

X

X X 4

51-7042 Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing

X X X X 4

51-7099 Woodworkers, All Other X 1 51-8099 Plant and System Operators, All Other X 1

51-9061 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers

X X X X X X 6

51-9111 Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders

X X X X X X X X 8

51-9151 Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators

X X 2

51-9195 Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic

X 1

51-9198 Helpers--Production Workers X X X X X 5 51-9199 Production Workers, All Other X X X X X X X X X 9

KEY TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR PRODUCTION

a. Industrial Electronics Technology/Technician (CIP 47-0105) This program prepares students for careers as electrical and electronic equipment assemblers (SOC 51-2022). This position is in high demand in seven of the state’s nine regions.

In 2016, there were 713 unique electrical and electronic equipment assemblers job postings in Tennessee, and 3,096 hires were made. Both of these activities indicate that Tennessee businesses have a high demand for this occupation. The median wage for this job in Tennessee is $14.03 per hour. Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers require a high school diploma, however this program provides students with greater job opportunities and skill sets that employers desire.

There are eight TCATs which awarded a total of 62 certificates for this program in 2016.

TCAT-Memphis (20) TCAT-Pulaski (16) TCAT-Crossville (12) TCAT-Athens (8) TCAT-Crump (2) TCAT-Hohenwald (2) TCAT-McKenzie (1) TCAT-McMinnville (1)

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b. Machine Shop Technology/Assistant (CIP 48-0503) This program prepares students for six of the production occupations identified as in high demand in Tennessee’s regions: Computer-controlled machine tool operators (51-4011); computer numerically controlled machine tool programmers (51-4012); grinding, lapping, polishing and buffing machine tool setters, operators and tenders (51-4033); machinists (SOC 51-4041); and multiple machine tool setters, operators and tenders (51-4081); metal workers and plastic workers (SOC 51-4199).

There are nine Tennessee institutions which awarded 143 certificates for this program in 2016.

TCAT-Hartsville (28) TCAT-Dickson (22) TCAT-Harriman (19) TCAT-Hohenwald (19) TCAT-Memphis (17) TCAT-Newbern (12) Northeast State Community College (10) TCAT-Murfreesboro (9) TCAT-Nashville (7)

c. Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) Machinist Technology/CNC Machinist (CIP 48-0510) The CNC program prepares students for two occupations: Computer-controlled machine tool operators (SOC 51-4011); and computer numerically controlled machine tool programmers (SOC 51-4012). The first of these two occupations is in high demand in five of Tennessee’s nine regions.

During 2016, Tennessee employers posted 923 job openings for these occupations, and 1,152 hires were made. This is a high degree of posting and hiring activity relative to the workforce size – currently there are 2,131 computer-controlled machine tool operators and 488 computer numerically controlled machine tool programmers employed in Tennessee.

Tennessee employment in computer-controlled machine tool operators has increased 19 percent from 2011 to 2016, however employment concentration in Tennessee is 28 percent below the national average. Median wages for this occupation are $16.81 per hour in Tennessee.

TCAT-Pulaski is the only Tennessee institution which offers this program. The TCAT awarded 15 certificates in 2016.

d. Machine Tool Technology/Machinist (CIP 48-0501) This program prepares students for careers as machinists (SOC 51-4041) – an occupation which is in demand in five of Tennessee’s nine regions. There are 7,349 machinists employed in Tennessee, earning median wages of $19.09 per hour. Machinist employment in Tennessee grew 17 percent from 2011 through 2016, and concentration of machinists in the state is 5 percent below the national average concentration. In 2016, there were 1,377 unique machinist job postings in Tennessee, and 4,308 hires were made. Machinists require a high school diploma, however this program provides job-seekers with expertise and improved job opportunities.

This program prepares students for many other jobs, including three fields that are in demand in the Southeast region of Tennessee: Grinding, lapping, polishing and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders (SOC 51-4033), which was in-demand in four of Tennessee’s regions; multiple machine tool setters (SOC 51-4081); and metal workers and plastic workers (SOC 51-4199).

There are 16 Tennessee institutions which had completions from this program in 2016. 222 students completed this program with a certificate in 2016, and two students completed the program with an associate degree.

TCAT- Shelbyville (24) TCAT-Knoxville (24) TCAT-Morristown (23) TCAT-Covington (17) TCAT-Whiteville (17) TCAT-Athens (15) TCAT-Paris (15) TCAT-Jackson (13) TCAT-McMinnville (13) TCAT-Livingston (12)

CERT November 2017 15

TCAT-McKenzie (10) TCAT-Crossville (10) TCAT-Jacksboro (10) TCAT-Crump (9) TCAT-Oneida-Huntsville (6) William Moore College of Technology (6)

e. Tool and Die Technology/Technician (48.0507) This program provides training for tool and die makers (SOC 51-4111). Tool and die makers are in demand in three regions of Tennessee. This occupation employs 2,15 people in Tennessee. Tool and die maker occupations have grown 21 percent from 2011 to 2016. In 2016, Tennessee employers posted 542 unique jobs, and 996 hires were made. This occupation does not require a postsecondary credential, however this program improves job opportunities and skill sets that employers desire.

Tennessee College of Applied Technology-Jackson awarded 17 certificates in 2016.

f. Welding Technology/Welder (48-0508) The welding program provides training for two target occupation groups: welders, cutters, solderers and brazers (SOC 51-4121); and welding, soldering and brazing machine setters, operators and tenders (SOC 51-4122). Welding occupations are in demand in seven regions of Tennessee. These two occupation groups employ 9,861 people in Tennessee. The welding occupations have grown 12 percent from 2011 to 2016. In 2016, Tennessee employers posted 1,456 unique jobs, and 5,940 hires were made. These two occupation groups do not require a postsecondary credential, however this program improves job opportunities and skill sets that employers desire.

There are 24 institutions in Tennessee which had completions from this program in 2016. These institutions awarded a total of 622 welding certificates in 2016.

TCAT-Jackson (73) TCAT-Pulaski (46) Miller-Motte Technical College-Madison (43) TCAT-Morristown (43) TCAT-Knoxville (41) TCAT-Newbern (34) William Moore College of Technology (32) TCAT-Nashville (29) TCAT-Crossville (28) TCAT-Elizabethtown (27) TCAT-Harriman (26) TCAT – Dickson (24) TCAT-McKenzie (24)

TCAT-Crump (17) TCAT-Covington (17) TCAT-Whiteville (17) TCAT-Hartsville (16) TCAT-Shelbyville (16) Northeast State Community College (15) TCAT-Memphis (13) TCAT-Athens (12) TCAT-Jacksboro (12)

TCAT-Oneida-Huntsville (9) TCAT-McMinnville (8)

CERT November 2017 16

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) OCCUPATIONS

Information technology (IT) occupations are in high demand across Tennessee and the nation. There are 57,195 people employed in computer (IT) occupations in the state. Tennessee’s concentration of employment in these fields is 37 percent below the national average; however, the 16 percent growth in the last 5 years has outpaced the national average. During 2016, there were 84,514 unique job postings for IT jobs in the state and 38,976 hires.

The table below outlines IT occupations which have high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. In the table, an “X” denotes high demand for an occupation in each individual region of Tennessee. There are several training programs jobseekers can access to obtain the necessary skill sets to work in IT. A few key programs are identified in the “Related Programs” column of the table below, but do not encompass all training programs available.17 The letters included in this column correspond to a postsecondary education program identified in the following pages.

IN-DEMAND IT OCCUPATIONS

SOC Code Occupation

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15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts X X X 3 a, d 15-1122 Information Security Analysts

X X

X

3 a, b, d, e

15-1131 Computer Programmers X

X X X X X X 7 b, c 15-1132 Software Developers, Applications X X

X X X X X X 8 b, d, e

15-1133 Software Developers, Systems Software

X

1 b, d, e 15-1134 Web Developers X

X X

X

4 a, b, d, f

15-1141 Database Administrators

X

1 a, f

15-1142 Network and Computer Systems Administrators

X X X X X X X X X 9 a, f

15-1143 Computer Network Architects

X X

X

3 a, b, d, f 15-1151 Computer User Support Specialists X X X X X X X X X 9 b, f, g 15-1152 Computer Network Support Specialists

X

1 a, b, f

15-1199 Computer Occupations, All Other

X

X

X 3 b

KEY TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR IT

a. Computer and Information Sciences, General (CIP 11-0101) This program prepares students for many different IT jobs, including network and computer systems administrators (15-1142), which have high employer demand in every region of Tennessee. During 2016 there were 10,145 unique job postings in Tennessee and 3,636 hires for this position. There are 5,463 network and computer system administrators employed in Tennessee, which is 29 percent below the national average concentration.

17 This report identifies only a few key programs available to support the jobs which are in demand; not all available educational programs are highlighted. The programs were identified using Economic Modeling Specialists Intl. (EMSI), which has a crosswalk between occupations and programs. 18 See corresponding programs in the following pages.

CERT November 2017 17

The Computer and Information Sciences program supports additional jobs with high employer demand: web developers (SOC 15-1134), computer system analysts (SOC 15-1121), information security analysts (SOC 15-1122), computer network architects (SOC 15-1143), database administrators (SOC 15-1141) and computer network support specialists (SOC 15-1152).

There are 20 Tennessee institutions which had completions from this program in 2016. The majority of these completions (400) were degrees, and 44 were certificates awarded from Pellissippi State Community College and TCAT-Shelbyville.

Austin Peay State University (88) East Tennessee State University (83) Pellissippi State Community College (64) Chattanooga State Community College (33) Northeast State Community College (33) TCAT-Shelbyville (25)

Jackson State Community College (21) Southwest Tennessee Community College (18) Walters State Community College (15) Columbia State Community College (15) Milligan College (9) Nashville State Community College (8)

Fisk University (7) Maryville College (7) Belmont University (6) Freed-Hardeman University (5) Roane State Community College (3) Volunteer State Community College (2)

Tennessee Wesleyan University (1) Motlow State Community College (1)

b. Computer Science (CIP 11-0701)

The computer science program prepares students for many different IT jobs, including nine jobs which are highlighted as in-demand in Tennessee. Three occupations are highlighted below.

The computer science program supports computer user support specialists (SOC 15-1151), which are in high demand in all nine regions of the state. During 2016, there were 13,972 unique job postings for computer user support specialists in Tennessee and 7,632 hires. There are 9,484 computer user support specialists employed in Tennessee. Employment grew 16 percent from 2011 to 2016. However, employment concentration for this occupation in Tennessee is 23 percent below the national average. Computer user support specialists have a median wage of $21.88 per hour in Tennessee, or $45,510 per year.

The computer science program supports application software developers (SOC 15-1132), which are in high demand in eight of the nine regions of the state. During 2016, there were 10,752 unique job postings for application software developers in Tennessee and 4,356 hires. There are 6,156 application software developers employed in Tennessee. Employment grew 14.7 percent from 2011 to 2016. However, employment concentration for this occupation in Tennessee is 62 percent below the national average. Application software developers have a median wage of $39.78 per hour in Tennessee, or $82,742 per year.

The computer science program supports computer programmers (SOC 15-1131), which are in high demand in seven of the nine regions of the state. During 2016, there were 4,627 unique job postings for computer programmers in Tennessee and 2,868 hires. There are 4,130 computer programmers employed in Tennessee. Employment grew 14.6 percent from 2011 to 2016. However, employment concentration for this occupation in Tennessee is 26 percent below the national average. Computer programmers have a median wage of $33.68 per hour in Tennessee, or $70,054 per year.

There are 17 Tennessee institutions which had students complete the computer science program in 2016. A total of 475 degrees were awarded last year—381 bachelor’s, 79 masters and 15 doctorates.

Vanderbilt (81) University of Tennessee-Knoxville (77) Tennessee Technological University (69) University of Memphis (52) Middle Tennessee State University (49) University of Tennessee-Chattanooga (44)

Rhodes College (25) Tennessee State University (24) University of Tennessee-Martin (13) Southern Adventist University (11) Lane College (8) Christian Brothers University (8)

CERT November 2017 18

Sewanee-The University of the South (5) Union University (3) Bryan College-Dayton (2) Milligan College (2) Lipscomb University (2)

c. Management Information Systems, General (CIP 52-1201) This program supports the computer programmer occupation (SOC 15-1131).

There are 9 Tennessee institutions which awarded certificates or degrees in this field of study in 2016. Tennessee students earned 30 certificates and 186 degrees in this program last year.

Middle Tennessee State University (86) University of Memphis (53) TCAT-Nashville (30) University of Tennessee-Martin (20) Belmont University (10) Bethel University (8)

Christian Brothers University (4) DeVry University-Tennessee (4) Carson-Newman University (1)

d. Information Technology (CIP 11-0103) The information technology program is a key postsecondary program supporting several IT job classifications which are in demand in Tennessee’s regions: software developers (SOCs 15-1132 and 15-1133); web developers (SOC 15-1134); computer systems analysts (SOC 15-1121); information security analysts (SOC 15-1122); and computer network architects (SOC 15-1143).

There are 16 Tennessee institutions which awarded certificates and/or degrees for the information technology program in 2016. These institutions awarded a total of 23 certificates and 209 degrees in 2016.

King University (61) Middle Tennessee State University (51) Fountainhead College of Technology (27) Trevecca Nazarene University (22) Daymar College-Clarksville (22) Motlow State Community College (2)

University of Memphis (1) Union University (1) Daymar College-Murfreesboro (1) Argosy University-Nashville (1) Daymar College-Nashville (1)

e. Computer Engineering, General (CIP 14-0901) This program prepares students to work in software development (SOC 15-1132 and 15-1133) and information security analysis (SOC 15-1122).

Only seven Tennessee institutions had program completions in this field in 2016, awarding 87 bachelor’s degrees, 25 master’s degrees, and 11 doctorate degrees.

University of Tennessee-Knoxville (39) University of Memphis (21) Vanderbilt University (20) Tennessee Technological University (18) Tennessee State University (15) Lipscomb University (6)

Christian Brothers University (4)

f. Computer and Information Systems Security/Information Assurance (CIP 11-1003) This program prepares students for a variety of IT-related jobs, including six which are highlighted in our demand analysis for Tennessee’s regions: network and computer systems administrators (SOC 15-1142), computer user support specialists (SOC 15-1152), web developers (SOC 15-1134), computer network architects (SOC 15-1143), database administrators (SOC 15-1141), and computer network support specialists (SOC 1152).

There are 6 Tennessee institutions which awarded certificates or degrees for this program in 2016. The credential completions totaled 52 last year.

Nashville State Community College (20) Fountainhead College of Technology (18) University of Phoenix-Tennessee (7) National College (4) Lipscomb University (2) University of Memphis (1)

CERT November 2017 19

ENGINEERING AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS

There are 26,981 engineers employed in Tennessee. Tennessee’s concentration of employment in engineering jobs is 20 percent below the national average; however, employment in engineering grew 8.8 percent from 2011 to 2016, surpassing the national average of 6.4 percent.

There are 15,993 drafters, engineering technicians, and mapping technicians employed in Tennessee. The state’s concentration of employment in these careers is 13 percent above the national average.

The table below outlines engineering and related occupations which have high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. In the table, an “X” denotes high demand for an occupation in each individual region of Tennessee. There are several fields of study which prepare students for these jobs. A few key programs are identified in the last column of the table below, but do not encompass all training programs available.19 The letters included in the table correspond to a key program for engineering identified in the following pages.

IN-DEMAND ENGINEERING AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS

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Engineers

11-9041 Architectural and Engineering Managers

X

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17-2051 Civil Engineers X

X

X X

4 a 17-2071 Electrical Engineers

X

1

17-2081 Environmental Engineers

X

1 17-2141 Mechanical Engineers X X 2 b 17-2199 Engineers, All Other

X

X X

3

Drafters, Engineering Technicians, and Mapping Technicians 17-3013 Mechanical Drafters X

X

X

3 c

17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians

X

1

17-3026 Industrial Engineering Technicians X 1 17-3027 Mechanical Engineering Technicians

X 1

17-3029 Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other

X

1

KEY TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR ENGINEERING

a. Civil Engineering, General (CIP 14-0801) This program prepares students for careers as civil engineers (SOC 17-2051), which are in demand across four of Tennessee’s nine regions. There are 4,994 civil engineers employed in Tennessee with a median wage of $43.40 per hour, or $90,272 per year. While this occupation has grown by 1.3 percent in the last five years from 2011 to 2016, the concentration of civil engineers in Tennessee is 15 percent below the

19 This report identifies only a few key programs available to support the jobs which are in demand; not all available educational programs are highlighted. The programs were identified using Economic Modeling Specialists Intl. (EMSI), which has a crosswalk between occupations and programs. 20 See corresponding programs in the following pages.

CERT November 2017 20

national average concentration. During 2016, Tennessee employers posted 3,196 unique civil engineering jobs, and 3,132 civil engineering hires were made.

There are eight Tennessee institutions which awarded degrees in this field of study during 2016. There were 278 degrees awarded last year, which included 215 bachelor’s degrees, 58 master’s degrees and 5 doctorate degrees.

University of Tennessee-Knoxville (99) Tennessee Technological University (63) Vanderbilt University (47) University of Memphis (27) University of Tennessee-Chattanooga (18) Tennessee State University (10)

Christian Brothers University (7) Lipscomb University (7)

b. Mechanical Engineering (CIP 14-1901) Mechanical engineering is a critical program for mechanical engineers (SOC 17-2141), which are in demand across two of the state’s nine regions. There are 4,009 mechanical engineers employed in Tennessee with a median wage of $41.11 per hour, or $85,509 per year. While this occupation has grown 5 percent in the five years, concentration of mechanical engineers in Tennessee is 31 percent below the national average concentration.

There are nine Tennessee institutions which awarded certificates or degrees in this field of study in 2016. These institutions awarded 512 degrees in 2016.

Tennessee Technological University (148) University of Tennessee-Knoxville (145) Vanderbilt University (97) University of Tennessee-Chattanooga (50) University of Memphis (30) Lipscomb University (16)

Tennessee State University (11) Christian Brothers University (9) Union University (6)

c. Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD (CIP 15.1306) The mechanical drafting program provides training for mechanical drafters (SOC 17-3013). There are 1,246 mechanical drafters employed in Tennessee, with a median wage of $23.91 per hour, or $47,732 per year. While this occupation has grown 5.3 percent in the last five years, concentration of mechanical engineers in Tennessee is 4 percent below the national average concentration.

Cleveland State Community College has the only program with completions in 2016—10 certificates were awarded.

CERT November 2017 21

HEALTHCARE OCCUPATIONS

Healthcare and healthcare-support occupations are in high demand across the state of Tennessee. The healthcare practitioners and technical occupations employ 195,586 in Tennessee. Tennessee’s concentration of employment in these jobs is 14 percent above the national average. The jobs in this occupational group are STEM and STEM-related jobs with high wages. There were 285,303 unique job postings for all healthcare practitioners and technical occupations in 2016. The healthcare support occupations employ 77,074 in Tennessee.

The table below outlines healthcare occupations which have high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. In the table, an “X” denotes high demand for an occupation in each individual region of Tennessee. A few key programs which prepare students for work in these fields are noted in the last column of the table below, but do not encompass all training programs available.21 The letters in the “Related Programs” column correspond to a key program for healthcare identified in the following pages.

IN-DEMAND HEALTHCARE OCCUPATIONS

SOC Code Occupation

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Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 29-1051 Pharmacists

X X

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29-1122 Occupational Therapists

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2 a, c 29-1123 Physical Therapists

X

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29-1131 Veterinarians X X X

X

X X 6 a, e 29-2052 Pharmacy Technicians

X

X X

3 a, f

29-2056 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians X X

X

X

4 a

29-2061 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

X X X X X X X X X 9 a, g

29-2071 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

X

X

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29-2081 Opticians, Dispensing X

X

X X

4 a

Healthcare-Support Occupations 31-1014 Nursing Assistants X

X

X 3 a

31-2011 Occupational Therapy Assistants

X

X 2 a 31-2021 Physical Therapist Assistants X X X X X X X X X 9 a, h 31-9011 Massage Therapists

X

1 a

31-9091 Dental Assistants

X

1 a 31-9092 Medical Assistants

X X X

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31-9093 Medical Equipment Preparers

X

1 a 31-9094 Medical Transcriptionists X 1 a

31-9096 Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers

X X 2 a

31-9097 Phlebotomists X X X X X X X 7 j 31-9099 Healthcare Support Workers, All Other X X 2 a

21 This report identifies only a few key programs available to support the jobs which are in demand; not all available educational programs are highlighted. The programs were identified using Economic Modeling Specialists Intl. (EMSI), which has a crosswalk between occupations and programs. 22 See corresponding programs in the following pages.

CERT November 2017 22

KEY TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR HEALTHCARE

a. Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General (CIP 51-0000) Twenty healthcare-related jobs are identified as in high demand in one or more Tennessee regions in this report. This program is relevant to 19 of the 20 jobs identified.

There are 9 Tennessee institutions which awarded certificates or degrees in this program during 2016. A total of 715 credentials were awarded, which included 644 certificates, 28 bachelor’s degrees and 42 master’s degrees.

Pellissippi State Community College (330) Walters State Community College (199) Columbia State Community College (72)) Meharry Medical College (42) Jackson State Community College (27) Lee University (24)

Cleveland State Community College (14) South College (5) Nashville State Community College (2)

b. Pharmacy (51-2001) The pharmacy program is a critical requirement for pharmacists (SOC 29-1051), which are in high demand in two of Tennessee’s nine regions. During 2016, there were 4,737 pharmacist job postings in Tennessee and 4,296 hires. There are 7,945 pharmacists employed in Tennessee. Median earnings for pharmacists in Tennessee are $58.43 per hour, or $121,534 per year.

Six Tennessee institutions awarded 20 bachelor’s and 497 doctorate degrees for Pharmacy in 2016.

University of Tennessee-Health Science Center (152) East Tennessee State University (96) South College (77) Belmont University (73) Lipscomb University (69) Union University (50)

c. Occupational Therapy/Therapist (CIP 51-2306) This program prepares students for careers as occupational therapists (SOC 29-1122), which are in demand in two of Tennessee’s nine regions. There are 1,975 occupational therapists employed in Tennessee with median earnings of $39.82 per hour, or $77,147 per year. Tennessee employment in this occupation is 19 percent below the national average, and there are 10.9 percent fewer occupational therapists employed in the state than there were five years ago.

There are four Tennessee institutions which awarded 155 degrees for occupational therapy during 2016. This included 122 master’s degrees and 155 doctorate degrees.

Belmont University (64) University of Tennessee-Health Science Center (33) Milligan College (31) Tennessee State University (27)

d. Physical Therapy/Therapist (51-2308) Employers have a high demand for physical therapists (SOC 29-1123) in two of Tennessee’s nine regions. There are 4,330 physical therapists employed in Tennessee, earning median wages of $41.07 per hour, or $85,426 per year.

Six Tennessee institutions awarded certificates or degrees in this program during 2016. These institutions awarded 212 degrees—10 associates, 6 bachelor’s and 196 doctor’s degrees.

University of Tennessee-Health Science Center (60) East Tennessee State University (37) Tennessee State University (36) University of Tennessee-Chattanooga (36) Belmont University (33) Southern Adventist University (10)

CERT November 2017 23

e. Veterinary Medicine (CIP 51-2401) This program prepares students for careers as veterinarians (SOC 29-1131), which are in high demand in 6 regions. There are 1,250 veterinarians employed in the state, earning median wages of $37.39 per hour. Employment in this occupation has grown 20 percent from 2011 to 2016; however, Tennessee’s concentration of veterinarians is 11 percent below the national average.

The University of Tennessee-Knoxville is the only Tennessee institution which awards veterinary degrees. During 2016, UT-Knoxville awarded 80 doctorates for veterinary medicine.

f. Medical Insurance Coding Specialist/Coder (CIP 51-0713) This program of study prepares students for employment as medical records and health information technicians (SOC 29-2071), medical assistants (SOC 31-9092) and medical records and health information technicians (SOC 29-2071).

In 2016, 12 Tennessee institutions awarded 267 certificates and associate degrees in this field of study.

Brightwood College-Nashville (59) Remington College-Memphis (56) Pellissippi State Community College (29) Daymar College-Clarksville (25) Nashville College of Medical Careers (25) Virginia College- Chattanooga (19) Virginia College-Knoxville (15) Daymar College-Nashville (9) Walters State Community College (9)

Daymar College-Murfreesboro (9) Miller-Motte Technical College-Chattanooga (8) West Tennessee Business College (4)

g. Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training (CIP 51-3901) This program provides training for licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (SOC 29-2061), which are in high demand in every region of Tennessee. There are 23,689 licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses in Tennessee with median earnings of $17.87 per hour, or $37,169 per year. Employment in this field has increased 9 percent from 2011 to 2016, and Tennessee’s concentration of employment in this field is 63 percent above the national average. During 2016, there were 15,258 unique job postings, and 17,220 hires for this job.

During 2016, there were 24 TCATs which awarded 1,337 certificates in this program of study.

TCAT-Elizabethton (118) TCAT Nashville (109) TCAT-Dickson (92) TCAT-Knoxville (91) TCAT-Livingston (87) TCAT-Paris (76) TCAT-Jackson (74) TCAT-Morristown (67) TCAT-Newbern (61) TCAT-Murfreesboro (59) TCAT-Hohenwald (56) TCAT-Hartsville (50) TCAT-Memphis (48) TCAT-Harriman (42) TCAT-Crossville (42) TCAT-Ripley (38) TCAT-Jacksboro (36) TCAT-Athens (34) TCAT-Shelbyville (34) TCAT-Whiteville (33)

TCAT-McMinnville (32) TCAT-Covington (28) TCAT-Crump (17) TCAT-Oneida-Huntsville (13)

h. Physical Therapy Technician/Assistant (51-0806) Employers also have a high demand for physical therapy assistants (SOC 31-2021) in every region of Tennessee. During 2016, there were 2,919 unique job postings for physical therapy assistants and 1,584 hires. There are 2,727 physical therapists employed in Tennessee with median earnings of $27.64 per hour. Physical therapist employment concentration in Tennessee is 55 percent above the national average.

There are nine institutions in Tennessee which awarded 204 associates and 1 bachelor’s degree in 2016.

South College (43) Volunteer State Community College (32) Chattanooga State Community College (21) Southwest Tennessee Community

College (21) Concorde Career College-Memphis (19) Walters State Community College (18)

Roane State Community College (18) Jackson State Community College (17) Daymar College-Clarksville (16)

CERT November 2017 24

i. Medical/Clinical Assistant (CIP 51-0801) The medical assistants (SOC 31-9092) occupation has high employer demand in three of Tennessee’s nine regions. There were 6,748 unique job postings for this occupation in Tennessee in 2016 and 6,924 hires.

In 2016, 26 Tennessee institutions awarded 1,430 certificates and degrees in this field of study.

Concorde Career College-Memphis (308) Brightwood College-Nashville (127) Virginia College-Knoxville (115) Ross Medical Education Center-Johnson

City (110) Remington College-Memphis Campus (95) West Tennessee Business College (62)

Nashville College of Medical Careers (55) Fortis Institute-Nashville (54) Virginia College-Chattanooga (52) Fortis Institute-Cookeville (51) Remington College-Nashville Campus (47) National College-Nashville (45)

Daymar College-Clarksville (44) Genesis Career College-Lebanon (37) Chattanooga College Medical Dental and

Technical Careers (34) Miller-Motte Technical College-Clarksville

(31) Miller-Motte Technical College-

Chattanooga (26) Genesis Career College-Cookeville (26)

Vatterott College-Appling Farms (24) Daymar College-Murfreesboro (22) Miller-Motte Technical College-Madison

(18) Ross Medical Education Center-Knoxville

(17) TCAT-Knoxville (13) South College (9)

Daymar College-Nashville (5) TCAT Nashville (3)

j. Phlebotomy Technician/Phlebotomist (CIP 51.1009) The phlebotomists (SOC 31-9097) occupation has high employer demand in seven of Tennessee’s nine regions. There were 2,157 unique job postings for this occupation in Tennessee in 2016 and 1,176 hires.

In 2016, 5 Tennessee institutions awarded 169 certificates and degrees in this field of study.

West Tennessee Business College (53) Miller-Motte Technical College-Chattanooga (44) TCAT Nashville (37) Jackson State Community College (18) TCAT-Elizabethton (17)

CERT November 2017 25

BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL OPERATIONS OCCUPATIONS

There are 111,866 people employed in business and financial operations occupations in the state. Tennessee’s concentration of employment in this field is 26 percent below the national average. During 2016, there were 80,825 unique job postings for business and financial operations jobs in the state.

The table below outlines business and financial operations occupations which have high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. In the table, an “X” denotes high demand for an occupation in each individual region of Tennessee. There are several training programs jobseekers can access to obtain the necessary skill sets to work in business and financial operations. A few key programs are identified in the “Related Programs” column of the table below, but do not encompass all training programs available.23 The letters included in this column correspond to a postsecondary education program identified in the following pages.

IN-DEMAND BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL OPERATIONS OCCUPATIONS

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13-1022 Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products

X X 2

13-1051 Cost Estimators X X X X 4 a, b 13-1071 Human Resources Specialists X X X X X X X X X 9 c 13-1111 Management Analysts X X X 3 a, b

13-1121 Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners

X X X 3

13-1151 Training and Development Specialists X X X X X X X X 8 c

13-1161 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

X X X X X X X X 8 d

13-1199 Business Operations Specialists, All Other

X 1

13-2011 Accountants and Auditors X X X X X X X X X 9 e 13-2082 Tax Preparers X X X X 4 e

KEY TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL OPERATIONS

a. Business/Commerce, General (CIP 52.01) This program prepares students for cost estimators (13-1051) and management analysts (13-1111).

There are 3,306 cost estimators employed in Tennessee, which is 25 percent below the national average concentration. The number of cost estimators employed has grown by 9 percent in the last five years, but this rate is much slower than the national average of 18 percent.

There are 6,618 management analysts employed in Tennessee, which is 50 percent below the national average concentration. Management analysts in Tennessee have median earnings of $35.92 per hour, or $74,714 per year.

23 This report identifies only a few key programs available to support the jobs which are in demand; not all available educational programs are highlighted. The programs were identified using Economic Modeling Specialists Intl. (EMSI), which has a crosswalk between occupations and programs. 24 See corresponding programs in the following pages.

CERT November 2017 26

There are 12 Tennessee institutions which had completions from this program in 2016. Of the completions, 195 were certificates, 23 were associates, 330 were bachelor’s and 320 were master’s.

Bethel University (247) Pellissippi State Community College (195) Austin Peay State University (178) Belmont University (114) Strayer University-Tennessee (90) Fisk University (15)

Christian Brothers University (9) Argosy University-Nashville (8) Lincoln Memorial University (8) Maryville College (2) Tennessee State University (1) South College (1)

b. Business Administration, Management and Operations (CIP 52.02)

This program prepares students for cost estimators (13-1051) and management analysts (13-1111).

There are 63 Tennessee institutions which had 6,427 completions from this program in 2016. There were 248 certificates, 614 associates, 3,525 bachelor’s, 2,011 master’s and 29 doctorate degrees awarded.

c. Human Resources Management/ Personnel Administration (CIP 52.1001) This program prepares students for human resource specialists (13-1071), which have high employer demand in all of Tennessee’s regions. During 2016 there were 6,543 unique job postings in Tennessee for this position. There are 10,280 employed in Tennessee, which is 5 percent below the national average concentration.

This program also prepares students for training and development specialists (13-1151), which have high employer demand in eight of Tennessee’s nine regions. During 2016 there were 4,098 unique job postings in Tennessee for this position. There are 5,423 training and development specialists employed in Tennessee.

There are 10 Tennessee institutions which had completions from this program in 2016. There were 6 associates, 100 bachelor’s, 1 post baccalaureate certificate and 65 master’s degrees awarded

The University of Tennessee-Knoxville (53) Lipscomb University (46) University of Phoenix-Tennessee (27) Strayer University-Tennessee (25) Daymar College-Clarksville (6) Lincoln Memorial University (6)

DeVry University-Tennessee (4) Maryville College (2) Tennessee Wesleyan University (2) Southern Adventist University (1)

d. Marketing/Marketing Management (CIP 52.1401)

This program prepares students for market research analysts and marketing specialists (13-1161), which have high employer demand in eight of Tennessee’s nine regions. During 2016 there were 5,022 unique job postings in Tennessee. There are 7,253 market research analysts and marketing specialists employed in Tennessee, which is 37 percent below the national average concentration.

There are 21 Tennessee institutions which had completions from this program in 2016. 563 bachelor’s and 36 master’s degrees were awarded in Tennessee in 2016.

University of Tennessee-Knoxville (142) Middle Tennessee State University (81) University of Memphis (79) Tennessee Technological University (53) East Tennessee State University (49) Belmont University (39) The University of Tennessee-Martin (37) Vanderbilt University (35) Lipscomb University (17)

Freed-Hardeman University (11) Christian Brothers University (10) Union University (8) Lincoln Memorial University (6) Southern Adventist University (6) University of Phoenix-Tennessee (6)

Cumberland University (6) Tennessee Wesleyan University (5) Maryville College (4) Trevecca Nazarene University (3) South College (1) Carson-Newman University (1)

e. Accounting and Related Services (CIP 52.03)

CERT November 2017 27

This program prepares students for accountants and auditors (13-2011), which have high employer demand in all of Tennessee’s regions. There are 16,676 employed in Tennessee, which is 36 percent below the national average concentration. Accountants and auditors in Tennessee have median earnings of $28.43 per hour, or $59,134 per year.

This program prepares students for tax preparers (13-2082), which have high employer demand in four of Tennessee’s nine regions.

This program also feeds three occupations outside of the business and financial operations occupation group— bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks (43-3031); billing and posting clerks (43-3021); and payroll and timekeeping clerks (43-3051).

There are 38 Tennessee institutions which had 1,422 completions from this program in 2016. Of the completions awarded in Tennessee, there were 63 associate’s, 903 bachelor’s and 373 master’s degrees.

CERT November 2017 28

TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS

Transportation and material moving occupations are in high demand across Tennessee and the nation. There are 272,677 people employed in transportation and material moving occupations in the state. Tennessee’s concentration of employment in this field is 38 percent above the national average, and the 16.1 percent job growth in the last 5 years has outpaced the national average of 12.5. During 2016, there were 587,298 unique job postings for transportation and material moving jobs in the state , which demonstrates very high demand.

The table below outlines transportation and material moving occupations which have high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. In the table, an “X” denotes high demand for an occupation in each individual region of Tennessee. There are several training programs jobseekers can access to obtain the necessary skill sets to work in transportation and material movement. A few key programs are identified in the “Related Programs” column of the table below, but do not encompass all training programs available.25 The letters included in this column correspond to a postsecondary education program identified in the following pages.

IN-DEMAND TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS

SOC Code Occupation

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53-1021 First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand

X X X X X X 6 a

53-1031 First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators

X X X X X X X 7 a

53-3022 Bus Drivers, School or Special Client X 1 b 53-3031 Driver/Sales Workers X X X X 4 53-3032 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers X X X X X X X X X 9 b 53-3033 Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers X X X X X X X X 8 b 53-3041 Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs X 1 b

53-6031 Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants

X 1

53-7011 Conveyor Operators and Tenders X X 2 53-7021 Crane and Tower Operators X 1

53-7032 Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators

X X X X X X X 7

53-7051 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators X X X X X X X X X 9 53-7061 Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment X 1

53-7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand

X X X X X X X X 8

53-7063 Machine Feeders and Offbearers X X X 3 53-7064 Packers and Packagers, Hand X 1

53-7081 Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors

X X 2

25 This report identifies only a few key programs available to support the jobs which are in demand; not all available educational programs are highlighted. The programs were identified using Economic Modeling Specialists Intl. (EMSI), which has a crosswalk between occupations and programs. 26 See corresponding programs in the following pages.

CERT November 2017 29

SOC Code Occupation

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53-7199 Material Moving Workers, All Other X 1

KEY TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR TRANSPORATION AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT

a. Operations Management and Supervision (CIP 52.0205) This program prepares students for first-line supervisors of helpers, laborers, and material movers (53-1021), which have high employer demand in 6 of Tennessee’s nine regions. There are 7,683 employed in Tennessee, which is 102 percent above the national average concentration. Job growth of 23.5 percent in this occupation in Tennessee has far outpaced the national average of 14.4 percent in the last 5 years.

This program also prepares students for first-line supervisors of transportation and material-moving machine and vehicle operators (53-1031), which have high employer demand in 7 of Tennessee’s nine regions. There are 4,908 employed in Tennessee, which is 20 percent above the national average concentration.

There are 3 Tennessee institutions which had a total of 105 completions from this program in 2016 The majority (77) of these were certificates of less than 1 academic year.

Pellissippi State Community College (76) Vanderbilt University (28) Chattanooga State Community College (1)

b. Truck and Bus Driver/Commercial Vehicle Operator and Instructor (CIP 49.0205) This program prepares students for the following occupations: bus drivers, school or special client (53-3022); heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers (53-3032); light truck or delivery services drivers (53-3033); and taxi drivers and chauffeurs (53-3041).

There are 12 Tennessee institutions which awarded certificates from this program in 2016.

Miller-Motte Technical College-Clarksville (119)

Miller-Motte Technical College-Madison (105)

Miller-Motte Technical College-Chattanooga (74)

TCAT-Memphis (59) TCAT-Crossville (40) TCAT-Newbern (24) Vatterott College-Appling Farms (21) TCAT-Knoxville (20) Fortis Institute-Cookeville (19)

TCAT-Jackson (18) TCAT-Shelbyville (17) TCAT Nashville (16)

CERT November 2017 30

APPENDIX A: OCCUPATIONS WITH HIGH EMPLOYER DEMAND

The table below outlines all occupations which have high employer demand in one or more Tennessee regions. In the table, an “X” denotes high demand for an occupation in each individual region of Tennessee.

STEM and STEM-related occupations are denoted by blue text.

SOC Code Occupation

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Management (11-0000) 11-1021 General and Operations Managers X X X X X X X X X 9 11-2022 Sales Managers X X X X X X X 7 11-2031 Public Relations and Fundraising Managers X 1

11-3071 Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers

X X X X 4

11-3121 Human Resources Managers X X X 3

11-3131 Training and Development Managers X 1

11-9021 Construction Managers X X X X X X X X X 9

11-9041 Architectural and Engineering Managers X 1

11-9051 Food Service Managers X X X X X X X X X 9

11-9081 Lodging Managers X X 2

11-9141 Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers

X X X X X X 6

11-9151 Social and Community Service Managers X X X X X X X X 8

Business and Financial Operations (13-0000)

13-1022 Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products

X X 2

13-1051 Cost Estimators X X X X 4 13-1071 Human Resources Specialists X X X X X X X X X 9 13-1111 Management Analysts X X X 3 13-1121 Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners X X X 3 13-1151 Training and Development Specialists X X X X X X X X 8

13-1161 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

X X X X X X X X 8

13-1199 Business Operations Specialists, All Other X 1 13-2011 Accountants and Auditors X X X X X X X X X 9 13-2082 Tax Preparers X X X X 4

Computer and Mathematical (15-0000) 15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts X X X 3 15-1122 Information Security Analysts X X X 3 15-1131 Computer Programmers X X X X X X X 7 15-1132 Software Developers, Applications X X X X X X X X 8 15-1133 Software Developers, Systems Software X 1 15-1134 Web Developers X X X X 4 15-1141 Database Administrators X 1

15-1142 Network and Computer Systems Administrators

X X X X X X X X X 9

15-1143 Computer Network Architects X X X 3 15-1151 Computer User Support Specialists X X X X X X X X X 9 15-1152 Computer Network Support Specialists X 1 15-1199 Computer Occupations, All Other X X X 3

CERT November 2017 31

SOC Code Occupation

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Architecture and Engineering (17-0000) 17-2051 Civil Engineers X X X X 4 17-2071 Electrical Engineers X 1 17-2081 Environmental Engineers X 1 17-2141 Mechanical Engineers X X 2 17-2199 Engineers, All Other X X X 3 17-3013 Mechanical Drafters X X X 3

17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians

X 1

17-3026 Industrial Engineering Technicians X 1 17-3027 Mechanical Engineering Technicians X 1

17-3029 Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other

X 1

Life, Physical, and Social Science (19-0000) 19-2031 Chemists X 1

19-2041 Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health

X 1

19-4021 Biological Technicians X 1 19-4031 Chemical Technicians X 1

19-4091 Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health

X 1

19-4099 Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other

X X 2

Community and Social Service (21-0000)

21-1011 Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

X X X 3

21-1014 Mental Health Counselors X X X X X X 6 21-1021 Child, Family, and School Social Workers X X X X X X 6 21-1022 Healthcare Social Workers X X X 3

21-1023 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

X X X X 4

21-1091 Health Educators X 1 21-1093 Social and Human Service Assistants X X X X X X X X X 9

21-1099 Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other

X X X X 4

Education, Training, and Library (25-0000) 25-1099 Postsecondary Teachers X 1

25-2011 Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education

X X X 3

25-3021 Self-Enrichment Education Teachers X X X X 4 25-3099 Teachers and Instructors, All Other X X X X X X X 7

Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media (27-0000) 27-1023 Floral Designers X X X 3 27-1024 Graphic Designers X X X X X X 6 27-1025 Interior Designers X 1

27-1026 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers

X X X X X X 6

27-2012 Producers and Directors X X 2 27-2022 Coaches and Scouts X X X X X X X 7 27-3031 Public Relations Specialists X X X X X X X 7

CERT November 2017 32

SOC Code Occupation

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27-3041 Editors X X 2 27-4011 Audio and Video Equipment Technicians X 1 27-4021 Photographers X X 2

Healthcare Practitioners and Technical (29-0000) 29-1051 Pharmacists X X 2 29-1122 Occupational Therapists X X 2 29-1123 Physical Therapists X X 2 29-1131 Veterinarians X X X X X X 6 29-2052 Pharmacy Technicians X X X 3 29-2056 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians X X X X 4

29-2061 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

X X X X X X X X X 9

29-2071 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

X X 2

29-2081 Opticians, Dispensing X X X X 4 Healthcare Support (31-0000)

31-1014 Nursing Assistants X X X 3 31-2011 Occupational Therapy Assistants X X 2 31-2021 Physical Therapist Assistants X X X X X X X X X 9 31-9011 Massage Therapists X 1 31-9091 Dental Assistants X 1 31-9092 Medical Assistants X X X 3 31-9093 Medical Equipment Preparers X 1 31-9094 Medical Transcriptionists X 1

31-9096 Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers

X X 2

31-9097 Phlebotomists X X X X X X X 7 31-9099 Healthcare Support Workers, All Other X X 2

Protective Service (33-0000)

33-1099 First-Line Supervisors of Protective Service Workers, All Other

X X 2

33-3012 Correctional Officers and Jailers X 1 33-9021 Private Detectives and Investigators X 1 33-9032 Security Guards X X X X X X 6 33-9099 Protective Service Workers, All Other X X X X 4

Food Preparation and Serving Related (35-0000) 35-1011 Chefs and Head Cooks X X X X X X X X X 9

35-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers

X X X X X X X X X 9

Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance (37-0000)

37-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers

X X X X X X X X X 9

37-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers

X 1

37-2021 Pest Control Workers X X X X X X X X X 9 37-3011 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers X X X X X X X 7

37-3012 Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation

X 1

37-3013 Tree Trimmers and Pruners X 1 37-3019 Grounds Maintenance Workers, All Other X 1

CERT November 2017 33

SOC Code Occupation

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Personal Care and Service (39-0000)

39-1021 First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers

X X X X X X X X 8

39-5012 Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists

X X X X 4

39-5094 Skincare Specialists X X 2 39-9031 Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors X X X X X X X 7 39-9041 Residential Advisors X 1 39-9099 Personal Care and Service Workers, All Other X 1

Sales and Related (41-0000) 41-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers X X X X X X X X X 9

41-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers

X X 2

41-2021 Counter and Rental Clerks X X X X X 5 41-2022 Parts Salespersons X X X X X X X 7 41-2031 Retail Salespersons X 1 41-3011 Advertising Sales Agents X X X X X X X X 8 41-3021 Insurance Sales Agents X X X 3 41-3099 Sales Representatives, Services, All Other X X X X X X X X X 9

41-4011 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products

X X X 3

41-4012 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products

X 1

41-9011 Demonstrators and Product Promoters X X X 3 41-9022 Real Estate Sales Agents X X X 3 41-9031 Sales Engineers X 1 41-9041 Telemarketers X X X X X X 6 41-9099 Sales and Related Workers, All Other X X X X X X X X X 9

Office and Administrative Support (43-0000)

43-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

X X X 3

43-2011 Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service

X X X X X X X X 8

43-3011 Bill and Account Collectors X X X X X X X X 8 43-3021 Billing and Posting Clerks X X 2

43-3031 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks

X X X X X 5

43-3051 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks X X X X 4 43-3071 Tellers X X X X X X 6 43-4041 Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks X 1 43-4051 Customer Service Representatives X X X X X X X X 8 43-4071 File Clerks X X X X X 5 43-4111 Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan X X X X X X 6 43-4151 Order Clerks X X X X X X 6

43-4161 Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping

X X X X X X X X X 9

43-4171 Receptionists and Information Clerks X X X X X X X X X 9 43-4181 Reservation and Transportation Ticket X X X 3

CERT November 2017 34

SOC Code Occupation

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Agents and Travel Clerks 43-5011 Cargo and Freight Agents X 1 43-5021 Couriers and Messengers X 1

43-5032 Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance

X X X 3

43-5061 Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks X X X X X X 6 43-5071 Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks X X X X X X 6 43-5081 Stock Clerks and Order Fillers X 1

43-6011 Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants

X X X X X X X X 8

43-6014 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive

X X 2

43-9021 Data Entry Keyers X X X X X X X 7

43-9051 Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service

X X 2

43-9061 Office Clerks, General X 1 43-9071 Office Machine Operators, Except Computer X X 2

43-9199 Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other

X X X X X X X X 8

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry (45-0000)

45-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers

X X 2

45-2041 Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products X 1 45-2091 Agricultural Equipment Operators X X X 3

45-2092 Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse

X X 2

45-2093 Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals

X 1

45-4022 Logging Equipment Operators X X X X 4 Construction and Extraction (47-0000)

47-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers

X X X X X X X 7

47-2021 Brickmasons and Blockmasons X X X X X 5 47-2031 Carpenters X X 2 47-2051 Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers X X X X X X X X X 9 47-2061 Construction Laborers X X X X X 5

47-2071 Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators

X X X X X 5

47-2073 Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators

X X X X X X X X 8

47-2081 Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers X X 2 47-2111 Electricians X X X X X X X 7 47-2131 Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall X X 2 47-2141 Painters, Construction and Maintenance X X X X X X X 7 47-2151 Pipelayers X X X X X 5 47-2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters X X X 3 47-2181 Roofers X X X X X X X 7 47-2221 Structural Iron and Steel Workers X X X X 4 47-3012 Helpers--Carpenters X 1 47-3013 Helpers--Electricians X X X X X X X 7

CERT November 2017 35

SOC Code Occupation

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47-3015 Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

X X X X X X 6

47-3019 Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other X 1 47-4011 Construction and Building Inspectors X 1

Installation, Maintenance and Repair (49-0000)

49-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers

X X X X 4

49-2022 Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers

X X 2

49-2098 Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers X X X X X 5 49-3011 Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians X X X 3 49-3021 Automotive Body and Related Repairers X X X X 4

49-3023 Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics

X X X X X X X X X 9

49-3031 Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists

X X X X X X X 7

49-3041 Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians

X X X 3

49-3042 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines

X X X X X 5

49-3053 Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics

X 1

49-3093 Tire Repairers and Changers X X X X X X X 7

49-9021 Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers

X X X X X X X X 8

49-9044 Millwrights X X X 3 49-9051 Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers X X 2

49-9052 Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers

X 1

49-9062 Medical Equipment Repairers X 1 49-9071 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General X X X X X X X X X 9

49-9091 Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers

X X 2

49-9098 Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers

X X X X X X X 7

49-9099 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other

X X 2

Production (51-0000)

51-2022 Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers

X X X X X X X 7

51-2023 Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers X 1 51-2031 Engine and Other Machine Assemblers X 1 51-2092 Team Assemblers X X X X X X X X 8 51-2099 Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other X X X X 4 51-3011 Bakers X X 2 51-3021 Butchers and Meat Cutters X X X X X X X X X 9 51-3023 Slaughterers and Meat Packers X 1 51-3092 Food Batchmakers X X X X 4 51-3099 Food Processing Workers, All Other X 1 51-4011 Computer-Controlled Machine Tool X X X X X 5

CERT November 2017 36

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Operators, Metal and Plastic

51-4012 Computer Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Programmers, Metal and Plastic

X 1

51-4031 Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

X X X 3

51-4033 Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

X X X X 4

51-4041 Machinists X X X X X 5

51-4072 Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

X X X 3

51-4081 Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

X X 2

51-4111 Tool and Die Makers X X X 3 51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers X X X X X X X 7

51-4122 Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

X 1

51-4191 Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

X 1

51-4199 Metal Workers and Plastic Workers, All Other X X 2 51-5112 Printing Press Operators X X X 3 51-6031 Sewing Machine Operators X 1 51-6093 Upholsterers X X 2 51-7011 Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters X X X 3

51-7041 Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood

X X X X 4

51-7042 Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing

X X X X 4

51-7099 Woodworkers, All Other X 1 51-8099 Plant and System Operators, All Other X 1

51-9061 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers

X X X X X X 6

51-9111 Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders

X X X X X X X X 8

51-9151 Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators

X X 2

51-9195 Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic

X 1

51-9198 Helpers--Production Workers X X X X X 5 51-9199 Production Workers, All Other X X X X X X X X X 9

Transportation and Material Moving (53-0000)

53-1021 First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand

X X X X X X 6

53-1031 First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators

X X X X X X X 7

53-3022 Bus Drivers, School or Special Client X 1 53-3031 Driver/Sales Workers X X X X 4 53-3032 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers X X X X X X X X X 9

CERT November 2017 37

SOC Code Occupation

East

Nor

thw

est

Sout

hern

M

iddl

e

Nor

ther

n

Mid

dle

Gre

ater

M

emph

is

Sout

hwes

t

Nor

thea

st

Sout

heas

t

Upp

er

Cum

berl

and

Num

ber

of

Regi

ons

53-3033 Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers X X X X X X X X 8 53-3041 Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs X 1

53-6031 Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants

X 1

53-7011 Conveyor Operators and Tenders X X 2 53-7021 Crane and Tower Operators X 1

53-7032 Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators

X X X X X X X 7

53-7051 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators X X X X X X X X X 9 53-7061 Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment X 1

53-7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand

X X X X X X X X 8

53-7063 Machine Feeders and Offbearers X X X 3 53-7064 Packers and Packagers, Hand X 1 53-7081 Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors X X 2 53-7199 Material Moving Workers, All Other X 1