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L L e e a a r r n n S S p p a a n n i i s s h h Published by Discs Direct 1

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Page 1: Learn Spanish  E-book.pdf

LLeeaarrnn SSppaanniisshh

Published by Discs Direct

1

Page 2: Learn Spanish  E-book.pdf

Grammar basics 33

alse Friends 58

64

Check bookmarks on the left for more detailed contents info.

Learn Spanish E-book

Published and distributed by Discs Direct. easons. All rights reserved. Copyright 2004 Discs Direct.

Contents

Language note 3

Alphabet 4

Pronunciation Guide 5

Stress & Accent Marks 10 Basic Phrases 11 Greetings 15 Numbers 16 Vocabulary 18

F Spanish - English Dictionary English - Spanish Dictionary 80 Food Glossary 96

You can print the book for academic r

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spañol - Language note

alicia Portuguese. here are around 40 million Spanish speakers within Spain and many more in other ountries (see below).

uding the Balearic and Canary Islands and the lilla. There are Spanish-speaking communities f the official languages of the European Union

tions.

lphabet and the acute accent on vowels to indicate stressed clusive to Spanish and represent a single letter and not a the only language to use the opening question and exclamation

of Spanish Speakers:

ion

enezuela - 23.3 million

SA - 20.7 million

eru - 20.4 million

hile - 13.6 million

ominican Republic - 8.2 million

E

Spanish is the third most popular language of the world. It belongs to the Ibero-Romance family of languages and is most closely related to Catalan,

n andGTcSpanish is the official language in Spain, inclNorthern African enclaves of Ceuta and Me

the UK, France and Germany. It is one oinand of the United Na

panish uses the Latin aSsyllables. Ñ and ñ are ex

odification of n. It's alsommarks ¿ ¡

Country - Number

exico - 91 million M

olombia - 41.9 millC

rgentina - 35.6 millionA

pain - 39.9 million S V U P C Ecuador - 11.8 million D

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The Alphabet The Spanish alphabet consists of 2

a, b, c, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, ll, Below you can see the capital letterwith that letter. A: a azul (adj) - blue B: be bandera (nf) - flag C: ce cerdo (nm) - pig, CH: che chico (nm) - boy D: de dedo (nm) - finger E: e escarabajo (nm) - F: efe fruta (nf) - fruit G: ge gatito (nm) - kitten H: hache hombre (nm) - mI: i insecto (nm) - insect J: jota joya (nf) - jewel K: ka kilómetro (nm) - kilomL: ele lago (nm) -lake LL: elle llover (v) rain M: eme mar (nf, nm) seaN: ene noche (nf) - night Ñ: eñe ñame (nm) - yam O: o océano (nm) - oc

: pe papá (nm) - dad

9 letters:

m, n, ñ, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z

s along with name of each letter and one word starting

hog

beetle

an

etre

ean

: cu quizá - maybe ere reina (nf) - queen

: ese silla (nf) - chair : te tiburón (nm) - shark : u uva (nf) - grape : ve vaca (nf) - cow : doble u wok (nm) - wok

: equis xilófono (nm) - xylophone

PQR:STUVWXY: i griega y (conj) - and Z: zeta zorro (nm) - fox

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Page 5: Learn Spanish  E-book.pdf

Vowels All vowels in Spanish make only one sound each:

a . . . sounds like . . . ah as in "father"

The Spanish "a" is a short sharp sound like "hat" in English

Examples: pato - apio - loca

e

The Spanish "e" is like the ehh in "bet" in English

Examples: elegir - éxito - sed

The Spanish "i" is like the "ee" in "seen", but a bit shorter

Examples: sin - miércoles - idiota

o . . sounds like . . . oh as in "go"

The Spanish "o" can have two sounds. When it is at the end of a word it is like the

difference is very subtle

Examples: pato - apio - loca

oo as in "to"

The Spanish "u" is like the "oo" in "food"

Note: It is silent after "q" and in "gue" and "gui"

sis eg: antigüedad. The "ü" is quite rare.

Pronounciation Guide

i . . . sounds like . . . ee as in "bee"

"o" in note e.g. "pato"

When it is before a consonant it is shorter, like "pot" or "cot" e.g. "boda". This

u . . . sounds like . . .

The exceptions are marked with a diaere

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Page 6: Learn Spanish  E-book.pdf

Examples: luna - puro - mudo

Diphtongs:

ai ay

The Spanish "ai" is like the "i" in "side"

Examples: aislar - paisaje - vaina - haya

anish "ei" and "ey" sound like the "ay" in say

he Spanish "eu" has no English equivalent and is difficult to define.

and "u" together. It is not very common.

ples: deuda - neutral - reumatismo

ote that the word "y" meaning "and" sounds like the Spanish "i"

erno - yeso - tierno - miedo

u

"win"

a vowel it normally has the "w" sound

amples: fuente - huevo - agua - fui - fuimos - cuota

au

The Spanish "au" is like the "ou" in "sound"

Examples: causa - pausa - audio - audiencia

ei ey

The Sp

Examples: rey - peine - seis

eu

T

It is just the sounds of "e"

Exam

oi oy

The Spanish "oi" and "oy" are like the "oy" in boy

Examples: soy - doy - boicot - sois - coyote

Semi-consonants:

ie y

The Spanish "y" and "ie" have the "y" sound in "yes" .

N

Examples: hielo - y

The Spanish "u + vowel" sounds like the "w" in

Note that when "u" is followed by

Ex

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Consonants

Most consonants are the same as in English,

except: c g h j ll r rr v z

b

The Spanish "b" is almost exactly the same as an English "b"

(Note: Both "b" and "v" have the "b" sound in Spanish)

Examples: bomba - enviar - voy - Córdoba

c (hard c)

The Spanish "c" has the English "k" sound except when it comes before "e" and "i"

Examples: academia - con - Ecuador - cola

c (soft c)

Before "e" and "i" it has a "th" sound as in "thin"

(Note: c is an "s" sound in Latin America, or a "th" sound in Spain)

Examples: sociedad - recibir - receta

ch

The Spanish "ch" is the same as the "ch" in church

Examples: bochorno - champán - champiñón - champú

d

The Spanish "d" is very similar to the English

"d" when it comes at the end of a word it can have a "th" like sound eg. Madrid, verdad

Examples: del - definir - ciudad - domingo

f

The Spanish "f" is the same as the English "f"

Examples: freír - difícil - afeitar - foro

g (hard g)

The Spanish "g" is like the English "g" unless it comes before "i" and "e".

Examples: Galicia - golpe - guante - iglesia

g (soft g)

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The Spanish "g" is like the Spanish "j" when it comes before "i" and "e".

d are: gemelo - geranio - gimnasio - gitano

und similar to the "ch" in the Scottish "loch"

je

mmon in Spanish

he "y" in yes

o- Mallorca

m

The Spanish "m" is the same as the English "m"

amples: mama - tomar - malo - mixta - mano

glish "n"

amples: nadar - nadie - no - uno - nada

It makes the soft "h" sound, like the "ch" in the Scottish "loch"

Some other words which have this soun

h

The Spanish "h" is always silent

Examples: honor - Alhambra - rehacer

j

The Spanish "j" is a strong guttural (throaty) so

Examples: jota - jabón - lenguaje - e

k

The Spanish "k" is the same as the English "k". It is very unco

Examples: kilo - kilovatio - kiosco - kiwi

l

The Spanish "l" is the same as the English "l"

Examples: lobo - lámpara - ladrón

ll

The Spanish "ll" makes a drawn-out sound like t

Examples: taller - valle - llamar - llover - llen

Ex

n

The Spanish "n" is the same as the En

Ex

ñ

The Spanish "ñ" is like the "ni" in "onion" in English

Examples: baño - caña - riñón - teñir

p

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The Spanish "p" is the same as the "p" in English

Spanish "q" is pronounced like the English "k" in "kick"

(Please note that the u after q is silent unlike in English, so qu makes a "k" sound not "kw")

r

The Spanish "r" is a similar to the English "r" but it is stronger (is rolled)

Examples: rabo - radio - mar

rr

The Spanish "rr" does not exist in English. It is a very strong "r" with a trill (it's rolled

.

uerra - parra - barrio

, g, l, m, n

to

an have a "zzz" sound when it comes before b, d, g, l, m, n

sde - asno

t

e Spanish "t" is very similar to the "t" in English.

The Spanish "x" is similar to the English pronunciation and it has a "ks" sound.

Examples: extra - sexto- exacto - éxito

z

Examples: pato - apio - lápiz

q

The

Examples: queso - qué - querer - quince

emphatically).

Many English speakers find this sound very difficult to pronounce

Examples: puerro - berro - carro - g

s

The Spanish "s" has two sounds.

It is pronounced the same as "s" sound in "sit" except when it comes before b, d

Examples: saber - sobre - cosas - asun

It c

Examples: mismo - de

Th

In Spanish the tongue is placed closer to the teeth and there is less aspiration.

Examples: trigo - tomar- todo - patata

v

makes the "b" sound

x

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The Spanish "z" has the "th" sound in the English thin.

Examples: zona - cazar - zorro - luz

Please note: Z . . . is an "Z" sound in Latin America, or a "TH" sound in Spain

Another key aspect is knowing which syllable should be stressed.

re simple.

t

If a word isn't pronounced according to the above two rules, an accent is placed over the wel of the syllable that gets the stress. For example, común, lápiz, médico, inglés, and

jalá all have the stress on the indicated syllable.

above words are some words of foreign origin, generally words t retain their original spelling and pronunciation. Also personal

usually are written without accents.

e accent marks over capital letters, although

apital letters

In Spanish, days, months, languages and nationalities do not use a capital letter. Only names f people and places do.

Stress and Accent Marks

Knowing how letters are pronounced is only one aspect of learning Spanish pronunciation.

Fortunately, in Spanish the rules for stress (also known as accent) a

In fact, there are only three basic rules that cover nearly every word:

1. If a word ends in a vowel, n or s, the stress is on the next to last syllable. For example, toro, computadora, joven and zapatos all have their accent on the next-to-last syllable. Moswords fit this category.

2. Words than end in other letters have the stress on the last syllable. For example, hotel, hablar, madador and virtud all have the accent on the final syllable.

3.voo

The only exceptions to theadopted from English, thanames and place names of foreign origin

Note that some publications and signs do not usit is normally best to use them when possible.

C

o

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Phrases (Spanish – English)

Hola - Hi

Me llamo... - My name is...

Encantado, -a - Nice to meet you

Sí - Yes

No - No

Hablo un poco - I speak a little

en español - in Spanish

en inglés - in English

Adiós - Goodbye

Gracias - Thank you

por favor - please

el hotel - the hotel

¿Tiene...? - Have you got...?

una habitación - a room

doble - double

individual - single

el baño - the bathroom

¿Para cuántos días? - For how many days?

Tengo una reserva - I have a reservation

¿Su nombre? - Your name?

¿Su pasaporte? - Your passport?

¿Qué va a tomar? - What would you like?

un bocadillo - a filled roll

una tortilla española - a Spanish omelette

unas patatas fritas - chips

de primero - as first course

de segundo - as second course

Basic

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el menú - the menu

wine

- a glass of water

round here?

market

- a chemist's

e?

ow much does it cost?

?

?

the left

t

n billete para... - a ticket to...

e ida - one way

oy principiante. - I’m a beginner.

engo un nivel...medio/avanzado. - I'm intermediate/advanced.

¿Para beber? - And to drink?

una cerveza - a beer

un vino tinto - a glass of red

un vaso de agua

la cuenta - the bill

¿Hay... por aquí? - Is there... a

un supermercado - a super

una farmacia

abierto - open

cerrado - closed

¿Tiene...? - Have you got...?

¿Qué talla? - What siz

grande - big

pequeño - small

¿Cuánto cuesta? - H

¿Algo más? - Anything else

Perdón - Excuse me

¿Dónde está? - Where is

todo recto - straight ahead

enfrente - opposite

a la izquierda - on

a la derecha - on the righ

Está cerca - It's nearby

Está lejos - It's far away

u

d

de ida y vuelta - return

S

T

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Common phrases (English –Spanish)

r?; ¿Me ayuda por favor? English? - ¿Hablas inglés?

el inglés? uenas tardes

Feliz cumpleaños!

me por favor.

o se dice...? ¿Cuánto es?

años tienes?

Me llamo...

n.

hambre. dido.

.

o me gusta. ablo español.

do. - No comprendo.

le. Mucho gusto.

r you. - Encantado de conocerle.

e. - Ayúdeme, por favor. vor?

acias.

Can you help me? - ¿Me puede ayudaDo you speak Do you understand English? - ¿EntiendeGood afternoon - BGood-bye. - Adiós. Good evening - Buenas noches Good morning - Buenos dias Good night - Buenas noches Happy birthday! - Happy New Year! - Feliz Año Nuevo! Hello - ¡hola! Help me please. - AyúdeHow? - ¿Cómo? How are you? - ¿Cómo estás? How do you say...? - ¿CómHow much does it cost? -How old are you? - ¿CuántosI am... - Estoy... I am called...(My name is...) - I am from... - Soy de... I am fine. - Estoy bieI am happy. - Estoy alegre. I am hungry. - TengoI am lost. - Estoy perI am sad. - Estoy tristeI am sick. - Estoy enfermo. I don't know. - No lo sé. I don't like it. - NI don't speak Spanish. - No hI don't understand. No entienI have... - Tengo... I like it. - Me gusta. I love you. - Te amo. I need a doctor. - Necesito un médico. I would like... - Me gustaria... maybe - quizá My name is... - Me llamo... Nice to meet you. - Encantado de conocerno - no please - por favoPleased to meetPlease help mPlease repeat that. - ¿Podria repetir, por faSee you later. - Hasta luego. Thank you. - Grwhat - qué

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What is your name? - ¿Cómo te llamas? s? ??

hen - cuándo here - dónde hich - cuál here are you from? - ¿De dónde eres? here is the bathroom? - ¿Donde esta el baño? ?? ho - quién ??

ou're welcome. - De nada.

o se llama tu madre?

u padre?

cribe tu nombre?

s tienes?

tú hermanos o hermanas?

ne usted mascotas en casa?

personas hay en tu familia?

número de teléfono?

e ayer?

de hoy?

What time is it? - ¿Que hora ewwwWWwwhy - por qué yes - si Y

Conversation practice Who's there? - ¿Quién es?

What is your name? - ¿Cómo te llamas?

What is your mother's name? - ¿Cóm

What is your father's name? - ¿Cómo se llama t

How do you spell your name? - ¿Cómo se es

How are you? - ¿Cómo está?

Where are you from? - ¿De dónde viene?

Where do you live? - ¿Dónde vives?

Where were you born? - ¿Dónde nació usted?

How old are you? - ¿Cuántos año

Do you have brothers or sisters? - ¿Tienes

Do you have any pets (animals) at home? - ¿Tie

How many people are in your family? - ¿Cuántas

What is your telephone number? - ¿Cuál es su

What time is it? - ¿Qué hora es?

What day is it today? - ¿Qué día es hoy?

What day was yesterday? - ¿Qué día fu

What day is tomorrow? - ¿Qué día es mañana?

What is the date? - ¿Cuál es la fecha

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When do you eat lunch? - ¿A qué hora comes tú el almuerzo?

tiempo hace?

o es?

lor favorito?

s preguntas?

? or ¿Comprende?

? - ¿Me lo repite, por favor?

lés?

hy not? - ¿Por qué no?

De quién es eso?

hat would you like? - ¿Qué desea?

lease? - ¿Puede usted ayudarme, por favor?

with location.

you

.)

(can be used as a greeting as well as a farewell).

What's the weather like? - ¿Qué

How many are there? - ¿Cuánto hay?

How much is that? - ¿Cuánto cuesta eso? or ¿Cuánt

What color is this? - ¿Qué color es?

What is your favorite color? - ¿Cuál es tu co

What is this? - ¿Qué es esto?

Do you have any questions? - ¿Tiene alguna

Do you understand? - ¿Entiende

Can you repeat that, please

Do you speak English? - ¿Hablas ing

Where is it? - ¿Dónde está?

Where are you going? - ¿Adónde va usted?

Why is that? - Y eso ¿por qué?

W

Whose is that? - ¿

W

Can you help me pWhere is the bathroom? - ¿Dónde esta el baño?

Greetings Hola - Hello, hi

Hola, aló, jaló, bueno, al, diga - Hello (on the telephone). - varies

Adiós - Goodbye (An informal alternative in some areas is chau from Italian).

¿Cómo estás? ¿Cómo está? - How are you?

Muy bien, gracias - Very well, thank

Buenos días - Good day, good morning (sometimes a shortened form, buen día, is used

Buenas tardes - Good afternoon (also used in the early evening)

Buenas noches - Good night

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¿Cómo te va? ¿Cómo le va? ¿Qué tal? ¿Qué hay? - How's it going? What's happening?

co).

e llama usted? - What's your name?

e llamo … - My name is ...

ncantado. - It's a pleasure to meet you.

nvenida, bienvenidos, bienvenidas – Welcome

would be used with a man, ll females, and bienvenidos with

ers

two kinds of numbers: cardinal and ordinal.

numbers are the numbers used for counting:

/a

no/a

¿Qué pasa? - What's happening?

¿Qué hubo? ¿Qué onda? - How is it going? What's happening? (common in Mexi

¿Cómo te llamas? ¿Cómo s

M

Mucho gusto. E

ienvenido, bieB

(Note the difference in number and gender. Bienvenidoienvenida with a woman, bienvenidas with a group of ab

males or a mixed group). Numb There ar

e

Cardinal 0 cero 1 uno/a 2 dos 3 tres 4 cuatro 5 cinco 6 seis 7 siete 8 ocho 9 nueve 11

0 diez 1 once

12 doce 13 trece 11

4 catorce 5 quince

16 dieciséis 17 diecisiete 18 dieciocho 19 diecinueve 20 veinte 21 veintiuno22 veintidós 30 treinta 31 treinta y u

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40 cuarenta

ntos/as

tos/as

00 seiscientos/as

00 novecientos/as

.000 dos mil

no in compound numbers loses the -o before masculine nouns, whether singular or plural: einta y un días (thirty-one days).

ates (months and years) are cardinal numbers in Spanish, except for the first of the month: l 9 (nueve) de marzo de 1995 (mil novecientos noventa y cinco) (the ninth of October, 995); BUT Hoy es el primero de octubre (Today is October first).

English usage of commas and periods in numbers: 1.250 kilómetros = 1,250 kilometers; 1,25 litros = 1.25 liters.

bers

egundo/a - second rcer(o)/a - third

sexto/a - sixth séptimo/a - seventh

ctavo/a - eighth oveno/a - ninth

50 cincuenta 60 sesenta 70 setenta 80 ochenta 90 noventa 100 cien(to) 101 ciento uno 200 doscie300 trescientos/as 400 cuatrocien500 quinientos/as 6700 setecientos/as 800 ochocientos/as 9 1.000 mil 1.500 mil quinientos 21.000.000 un millón Utr DE1 Note that Spanish reverses the

Ordinal Num

primer(o)/a - first stecuarto/a - fourth quinto/a - fifth

ondécimo/a - tenth

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After ten, cardinal numbers are generally used to indicate the ordinals: Alfonso Trece lfonso the Thirteenth); el siglo veinte (the twentieth century).

ocabulary (grouped by topics)

week

uesday - martes Wednesday – miercoles

Saturday - sabado

of the year

ay - mayo une - junio

eptember - septiembre e

mbre re

Formas

nte

(A

V Days of the Sunday - domingo Monday - lunes T

Thursday - juevesFriday - viernes

Months January - enero February – febrero March - marzo April - abril MJJuly - julio August - agosto SOctober - octubrNovember - novieDecember - diciemb

Shapes - Las arch - el arco block - el cubo circle - el círculo

cone - el conocrescent - creciecube - el cubo cylinder - el cilindro diamond - rombo

ellipse - la elipse

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hemisphere - el hemisferio

o nos

ngulo culo

hapes - las formas phere - esfera

o ar - la estrella

ide

s

arecida

a (female), bello (male)

so

female), lindo (male)

o

na

able

nto

hexagon - el hexágono octagon - el octágonoorb - el orbe oval - el óvalo pentagon - el pentágonpolygons - polígopyramid - la pirámide . point - el punto rectangle - el rectásemicircle - semicirssspiral - el espiral quare - el cuadrads

sttrapezoid - trapezotriangle - el triángulo

cuña wedge - lazigzag - el zigzag

Adjective afraid - asustado alike - parecido/pall - todo angry - enojado asleep - dormido beautiful - bellbig - grande black - negro blue - azul bright - luminobrown - marrón clean - limpio closed - cerrado cute - linda (dirty - sucio early - temprano empty - vacío/vacía every - cada fast - rápido fat - gordo/gordafrightened - asustadfull - lleno/llegray - gris green - verde happy - contenta/contento healthy - saludhot - caliente hungry - hambrielarge - grande last - último/última late - tarde

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left - izquierda loud - fuerte little - pequeñita/pequeñito

chos more - más echo, angosto

o

o allada

roso o /pequeño

enfermo

in - delgado gly - feo nhappy - infeliz

n - a revés leta

anco

er miedo

dir

lar

r

jercicio ar

juegos malabares

lost - perdido less - menos mad - enojado many - munarrow - estropen - abierto orange - anaranjadoutdoors - al aire libre over - sobre pink - rosa, rosadopurple - moradquiet - callado/cred - rojo sad - triste scared - asustado, temeslow - lenta/lentsmall - pequeñasick - enferma/short - baja/bajo tall - alta/alto thuuupside dowviolet - vio

hite - blwwide - ancho

yellow - amarillo young - joven

Verbs to be afraid - tenbreak - romper burn - quemarseclap - aplaucry - llorar dance - baidraw - dibujadrink - beber, tomar eat - comer erase - borrar exercise - eto fish - pescfly - volar give - dar hear - oír jog - trotar juggle - hacer jump - saltar

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kneel - arrodillarse

oteras

r - enviar par correo

r

r

r

a

ntar, echar cosquillas

nderstand - comprender alk - caminar, andar ave - saludar a alguien con la mano eep - llorar iggle - contonear, menear

n deseo

rite - escribir

ns

obre round - alrededor de ehind - detrás de etween - entre - en front of - delante de

inside - dentro

knit - tejer laugh - reír leak - tener glearn - aprender to love - ama(to send by) mailpaint - pintar play - jugapull - tirar push - empujarake - rastrillarread - leer receive - recibir run - correr scare - susto scream - gritasee - ver sew - coser sing - cantar sit - sentarse sleep - dormir smile - la sonrisa speak - hablar staple - sujetar con grapstop - parar talk - hablar teach - enseñar thank - agradecer, dar las graciasthink - pensar throw - tirar, avetickle - haceruwwww(make a) wish - pedir u

ork - trabajar wwyell - gritar

Prepositio above - arriba de, sabbinin

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on top of - encver - sobre

ima de

imales

a e

uario

arabajo

falo

o sa

lo mpancé listada

ña

rilo

osaurio

ounder - debajo de

Animals alligator - el caimán animals - los anant - la hormigantelope - el antílopantler - el asta ape - el mono aquarium - el acbarn - el establo bat - el murciélago beak - el pico bear - el oso beaver - el castor bee - la abeja beetle - el escbird - el pájaro blackbird - el mirlo bluebird - azulejo buffalo - el búbug - bicho bunny - el conejitbutterfly - la maripobull - el toro cage - la jaula camel - el camello canary - el canario cat - el gato caterpillar - la oruga chick - el pollito chicken - el polchimpanzee - el chichipmunk - la ardillacicada - la cigarraclaw - la zarpa, la garra cobweb - la telaracocoon - el capullocoral - coralino cow - la vaca coyote - el coyote crab - el cangrejo crane - la grulla crocodile - el cocodcrow - el cuervo deer - el venado dinosaur - el dindog - el perro

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doghouse - perrera

la libélula

ila rra

/la finca ma

do ra

e pescar nco

la

o

altamontes ota, la rata del trigo

tamo

al de miel

colibrí

ar

sa

dolphin - el delfín donkey - el burrodove - la palomadragon - el dragón dragonfly - duck - el pato duckling - el patito eagle - el águearthworm - lombriz de tieeel - la anguila egg - el huevo elephant - el elefante elk - alce farm - la granjafeather - la plufin - la aleta fish - el pez, el pescafish bowl - la peceto fish - pescar fishing rod - caña dflamingo - el flamefly - la mosca fox - el zorro frog - la rana gazelle - la gacegiraffe - la jirafa goat - la cabra goose - el gansgorilla - el gorila grasshopper - el shamster - la marmhedgehog - el erizohen - la gallina hippopotamus - el hipopóhive - la colmena hog - el cerdo honeycomb - el panhorn - el cuerno hornet - avispón horse - el caballo horseshoe - la herradurahummingbird - el hyena - la hiena hoof - el casco insect - el insecto jaguar - el jagujay - el arrendajo jellyfish - la medukangaroo - el cangurokitten - el gatito koala - el koala ladybug - la mariquita lamb - el cordero lion - el león lizard - la lagartija

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llama - la llama lobster - la langosta

amut

ena o

nstruo lce

squito, el zancudo ariposa nocturna

clero

rangután

za pagayo

l no

o

ichón

rinoceronte a

o jo

ta o de mar

rnero

eto

rpiente ña

macaw - el guacamayo mammal - el mamífero mammoth - el mmarsupial - el marsupial mermaid - la sirmonkey - el monmonster - el momoose - el amosquito - el momoth - la polilla/la mmouse el ratón muskrat el ratón almizmutt - el bobo nandu - ñandú nest - el nido net - la red newt - el tritón octopus - el pulpo orangutan - el oostrich - el avestruz otter - la nutria owl - el búho, la lechuparrot - el loro, el papeacock - el pavo reapenguin - el pingüipet - el animal domésticpig - el cerdopigeon la paloma/ppupa - la crisálida puppy - el cachorro quail - la codorniz quetzal - el quetzal rabbit - el conejo raccoon - el mapache rat - la rata reindeer - el reno rhinoceros - el roach - la cucarachroadrunner - el correcaminrobin - el petirrorooster - el gallo scorpion - el alacrán sea gull - la gavioseahorse - caballitseal - la foca shark - el tiburón sheep - la oveja, cashell - concha shrimp - el camaronskeleton - el esquelskull - el cráneosnail - el caracol snake - la culebra/la sespider - la ara

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squid - el calamar onja lla

a

walrus

e araña whale - la ballena wolf - el lobo woodpecker - el pájaro carpintero worm - el gusano yak - yac zebra - la cebra

Family - Familia

padres

ons, sons and daughters, or children - los hijos rother - hermano ister - hermana

brothers, or brothers and sisters - los hermanos godfather - padrino

ife - esposa

sponge - la espsquirrel - la ardistable - el establo stingray - raya swan - el cisne tadpole - el renacuajo tail - la cola tern - golondrina tiger - el tigre toad - el sapo toucan - el toucan trunk - la trompa turtle - la tortugunicorn - el unicornio vulture - el buitre walrus - el wasp - la avispa weasel - comadreja web - telaraña, tela d

zoo - el parque zoológico oologist - zoólogo z

father - papá mother - mamá father - el padre mother - la madre fathers or parents - los son - hijo daughter - hija sbs

godmother - madrina husband - esposo w

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Relationships Estoy enamorado/estoy enamorada - I am in love

t etheart

ard to you

angry?

s? - Do you love me? am jealous

damente - I adore you passionately e quiero con toda mi alma - I love you with all my soul uiéreme o me muero! - Love me or I shall die!

res mi héroe/heroína - You are my hero/heroine ffection fectionately

on amor - With love esos - Kisses

rado eído

pado cuidadoso

dente, cauteloso, cauto;

al;

ador l

o, chiflado

Tengo novio - I have a boyfriend, sweethearTengo novia - I have a girlfriend, sweTe mando una carta - I send a cLe mando una carta - I send a card to her/him Querido Juan - Dear John Querida María - Dear Mary ¿Por qué no me escribes? - Why don't you write to me?Te echo de menos - I miss you ¿Me echas de menos? - Do you miss me? ¿Estás enfadada? - Are youTe quiero. Te amo - I love you ¿Me quieres? ¿Me amaEstoy celoso - ITe adoro apasionaT¡QECon cariño - With a

ariñosamente - AfCCBAbrazos - Hugs

Personality ambitious - ambicioso annoying - pesado argumentative, quarrelsome - discutidorbad-tempered - malhumobig-headed - creído, engrbitchy - de mala leche, venenoso; brave - valiente cantankerous - cascarrabias carefree - despreocucareless - descuidado, pococautious - prucharming - encantador cheerful - alegre, joviconceited, full of oneself - presumido conservative - conservconventional - convencionacowardly - cobardecrazy, nuts - loc

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cruel - cruel dull, boring - soso, aburrido

oqueta le, simpático, agradable

) malo, travieso (niños) cerrada, intolerante

titud abierta, sin prejuicios

la que se puede confiar seguro de sí mismo: tener confianza en sí mismo

nte;

shy, introverted - tímido, vergonzoso - introvertido strict - estricto, severo, riguroso tubborn - terco, testarudo, tozudo ympathetic (understanding) - comprensivo lkative - conversador, hablador ustworthy - digno de confianza

o traño

- orange

flirtatious - cfriendly - amigabgenerous - generosohard-working - trabajador honest - honesto kind - amable laid-back - tranquilo, relajado lazy - perezoso, vago loyal - fiel mean - tacaño modest - modesto moody - de humor cambiante naive - ingenuo, inocentón naughty - (childrennarrow-minded - de mentalidadopen-minded - de acpious - piadoso polite - cortés, educado proud - orgulloso reliable - fiable, confiable: es una persona en self-confident: to be self-confident selfish - egoísta sensible - sensato, prudesensitive - sensible

sstatrtwo-faced, false - fals

eird - raro, exw

Colours

amarillo - yellow

anaranjado

azul - blue

blanco - white

dorado - golden

gris - gray

marrón - brown

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negro - black

púrpura - purple

rojo - red

rosado - pink

verde - green

beige, beis - beige

- chocolate-colored

rald

ustard-colored

aja - straw-colored

rquesa - turquoise

What is your favorite colour? - ¿Cuál es tu color favorito?

anges depending on the number and gender of what's being described: rillo. (I have one yellow car.) Tiene dos coches amarillos. (He has two

ellow cars.) Tienes una flor amarilla. (You have a yellow flower.) Tenemos diez flores have ten yellow flowers.)

Body parts

cereza - cherry-colored

chocolate

esmerelda - eme

grana - dark red

humo - smoky

lila - lilac

malva - mauve

mostaza - m

naranja - orange

oro - gold

p

rosa - pink

tu

violeta – violet

What color is it? - ¿Que color es este?

Note that the form chTengo un coche amayamarillas. (We

arm - el brazo

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back - la espalda

backbone - la columna vertebral

eso

l pecho

s nalgas

a

la oreja

o

a

knee - la rodilla

o

bro

omen) - el vientre

gan) - el estómago

brain - el cerebro, el s

breast, chest - e

buttocks - la

calf - la pantorrill

ear - el oído,

elbow - el cod

eye - el ojo

finger - el dedo

foot - el pie

hair - el pelo

hand - la mano

head - la cabez

heart - el corazón

hip - la cadera

intestine - el intestino

leg - la pierna

liver - el hígado

mouth - la boca

muscle - el músculo

neck - el cuell

nose - la nariz

penis - el pene

shoulder - el hom

skin - la piel

stomach (abd

stomach (internal or

thigh - el muslo

throat - la garganta

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toe - el dedo

tongue - la lengua

/abotargada angelical egordete

mofletudo - una cara rechoncha, regordete, gordinflona

a un rostro curtido cial

cha de nacimiento

s

eria onriente

a alegre -faced - lampiño nger/heat) - ponerse colorado/rojo

onrojarse/ruborizarse

tooth - el diente, la muela

vagina - la vagina

Physical appearance

He has blue eyes = tiene los ojos azules He is bald = Es calvo face - la cara/el rostro facial features - rasgos she has a thin face - tiene la/una cara delgada an oval face - una cara ovalada round face - una cara redonda clean-shaven - bien afeitado

inchada/abotagadabloated face - una cara hcherubic face - una cara

a cara rchubby face - unchubby-cheeked -chubby/podgy facehe had a weather-beaten face - tení

fting, un estiramiento faface lift - un lishe has freckles - tiene pecas, es pecosa spots/pimples - granos blackheads - espinillas moles - lunares warts - verrugas wrinkles - arugas rosy cheeks - mejillas sonrosadas acne - acne birthmark - un antojo/una mandouble chin - una papada

ndidahollow cheeks - las mejillas hudimple - un hoyuelo smooth-cheeked/smooth-faced - lampiño deadpan face - una cara de póquer/de palo doleful face - una cara compungida

iste sad face - una cara trserious face - una cara s

cara ssmiling face - una happy face - una carsmooth-cheeked/smooth

e (with ago red in the facgo red/to blush (with embarassment) - s

o he looks worried parece preocupadfrightened asustado surprised sorprendido smile una sonrisa smirk una sonrisita frown el ceño fruncido nose = la nariz

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bulbous nose - una nariz protuberante hb

ooked nose - una nariz aguileña ig nose - una nariz grande rned-up/snub nose - una nariz respingona

pointed nose - una nariz puntiaguda flat nose/a pug nose - una nariz chata lopsided nose - una nariz ladeada/torcida

am) - una napia s/to snort - resoplar/bufar

er in Spanish use "hace" and "hay"instead of English "to be"

tuaaaa hooter/conk (fflare your nostril

Weather

When talking about the weath It is sunny - Hace sol It is hot - Hace calor It is very windy - Hace / Hay mucho viento Talking about weather what’s the weather like? - "¿qué tiempo hace?" or "¿cómo está el tiempo?" tomorrow will be dry - mañana hará tiempo seco

lds out - esperemos que no nos falle el tiempo

looks like it's going to rain - parece que va a llover e bad weather is still with us - seguimos con mal tiempo

with a bit of rain - al jardín le vendría bien que lloviera un poco

’re on holiday - esperamos tener buen tiempo es

of the weather - no me gusta cómo se está poniendo el tiempo

thunderclap - un trueno n cielo/día despejado

acero

there’s been a change in the weather - ha cambiado el tiempo let’s hope the weather hothe weather spoiled our plans - el tiempo nos estropeó los planes it ththe garden could do you get better weather on the south coast - en la costa sur hace mejor tiempo;

po weather permitting - si hace buen tiemd weather while wewe’re hoping for goo

iondurante las vacacI don’t like the look

breeze - una brisa clap of thunder, aclear sky/day - uclear up - despejar climate - el clima cloud - una nube cloudburst - un chaparrón cloudburst - un chaparrón, un agucold front - un frente frío damp - húmedo

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degree - grado depression - una depresión atmosférica, una borrasca

bión (nm) - llovizna / lloviznar

- un relámpago o

ientos de fuerza nueve

daval inds - los vientos de tormenta

racha

, las piedras de granizo

ayó un rayo calor

stabilidad tá nublado

do

o lloviendo

e aguanieve está nevado

toso e fresquito hoy

de nieve e bajas/altas presiones

s aislados

ubasco ieve f.

e aguanieve

dew - el rocío , el sereno downpour - un chaparrón, un turdrizzle / to drizzle flash of lightningflashes of lightning - un relampagueflood - una inundación flood (v) - inundar fog -la niebla force nine gale - vforked lightning - una culebrina frost - escarcha frost (v) - helar frosty night - una noche de helada gale - un viento fuerte, una vengale-force wgust of wind - unahail (v) - granizar hailstones - los granizoshailstorm - una granizada haziness - la nebulosidad, lo neblinoso he was struck by lightning - le cheat wave - una ola dehot - cálido humid - húmedo humidity - la humedad hurricane - un huracán instability/changeability - ineit’s cloudy - hace nubes or esit’s drizzling - está lloviznanit’s foggy - hay nieblait’s frosty - está helado it’s hot - hace calor it’s misty - hay neblina it’s muggy / clammy / close - está abochornadit’s raining - está it’s sleeting - cait’s snowing - it’s sunny - hace sol it’s windy - hace viento, está venIt's chilly today - haclight covering of snow - una fina capalow/high-pressure - dmist - la neblina rain (v) - llover rain -la lluvia scattered showers - chubascosea breeze - una brisa marina sea mist - la bruma shower - un chaparrón, un chsleet - aguansleet showers - chubascos dsnow - la nieve snow (v) - nevar snowball - una bola de nieve

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storm - una tormenta, un temporal tormentoso

rayo

a

y - abochornarse rain cats and dogs - llover a cántaros ride out the storm - capear el temporal

cia tiempo revuelto

ather - el tiempo ather forecast - la previsión del tiempo para mañana

spanish there are three different kinds of regular verbs, these can be characterized by the

ge by the word to: to be, to have, to learn, to s of english verbs. The following table lists the

ples for each.

lamar comer abrir abro abres

come abre os comemos abrimos

rís ren

o voy hago estoy vas haces estás

stormy day - un día streak of lightning - unsun - el sol sunny day - un día soleado sunny spell - un claro sunstroke - insolación temperature - la temperaturthaw - un deshielo thaw (v) - deshelar thunder - los truenos thundercloud - un nubarrón to become muggtototurbulence - la turbulenunsettled weather - un weweweather vane - una veletawind - el viento

Grammar

Regular Verbs Inending of the infinitive. -ar -er -ir An infinative is represented in the english languaspeak, and to buy. These are all infinitive formconjugation for these Regular Verbs, with exam lyo llamo como tu llamas comesel/ella llama nosotros llamamvosotros llamáis coméis abellos/ellas llaman comen ab

Irregular Verbs Present Tense ir hacer estar ytu

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el / ella vaosotros va

hace está mos hacemos estamos

sotros vais hacéis estáis

ote: For more info about verbs look under: Tenses

rticles

he definite article (artículo definido) agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies

tas

El amor es una fuerza irresistible (Love is an irresistible force) ) with nouns used in a general sense: Prefiero los caballos (I prefer horses)

eñor García está aquí (Mr. Garcia is here) but uenos días, señor García (Hello, Mr. Garcia)

ote: Do not confuse the neuter article lo with the masculine singular direct object pronoun

nd una for the minine singular. It agrees with the noun it modifies: un médico bueno (a good doctor); una ngua bella (a beautiful language). The plural forms unos and unas mean some or a few: engo unos libros buenos (I have some good books); Dénos unas naranjas, por favor (Give s some oranges, please).

nine nouns beginning with a stressed a sound use the masculine definite article

he nouns in Spanish can have either of 2 genders (género): masculine (masculino) or

ender

nvoellos / ellas van hacen están N

A Tand has four forms: Masculine el (singular) los (plural) Feminine la (singular) las (plural) Examples: el río (the river); los refrescos (the refreshments); la guitarra (the guitar); las fal(the mistakes). Definite articles are often used in Spanish where English would omit them, for example: 1) with abstract nouns: 23) with parts of the body and articles of clothing: Tengo el brazo roto (I have a broken arm) 4) with titles, except in direct address: El sB Neuter article (artículo neutro) lo can be used before an adjective (or a past participle used adjectivally) to make it function as a noun: lo humano (that which is human); lo dicho (that which has been said). Nlo: Lo vi en la calle (I saw it in the street). The indefinite article (artículo indefinido): un for the masculine singular afeleTu

ote:For femiNin the singular e.g.: El alma es un fin, no un medio (The soul is an end, not a means); but

erse inmortales (Souls long to become immortal). Las almas quieren hac

Gender Tfeminine (femenino). The gender of many nouns can be determined by their meaning or their ending. The g

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of other nouns must be learned individually. The best way to memorize the gender of words to memorize the article when learning a new word.

chica (the girl) feminine l hombre (the man) masculine

but watch out for xceptions:

and masculine nouns ending in -ma (of Greek erivation): el idioma (the language); el poema (the poem); el clima (the climate).

l policía mató a tiros al ladrón (The policeman gunned down the thief); La actriz se veía obre y sin amigos (The actress found herself poor and friendless).

unista (a ommunist); un pianista ( pianist).

ouns ending in -ad, -ud, -ión are feminine: la ciudad (the city); la juventud (youth); la

lla compró una casa bonita (She bought a pretty house).

lural nouns of mixed gender take the masculine: Los niños están enfermos (The children

gender of every noun is important not only for the noun itself, but for the elling and pronunciation of the words it influences in a sentence: adjectives, articles,

he plural of nouns and adjectives is regularly formed by adding -s to words ending in a ending in a consonant: Tiene los ojos negros (He has dark eyes); e cuna (I prefer lullabies).

e light); Desde of the city).

here are only two contractions (contracciones) in Spanish: al and del.

is lae In general masculine nouns end in -o and feminine nouns end in -a; e el día (the day), la mano (the hand),d Ep Nouns ending in -ista are masculine, unless referring to a woman: un comc Ndirección (the address). In Spanish, nouns, pronouns, adjectives and articles are gender-related. E Pare ill).

nowing the Kspparticiples, and pronouns. They agree in the gender and in the number with the noun.

Plurals Tvowel and -es to wordsPrefiero las canciones d Words ending with z change to c in the plural: Encienda la luz (Turn on th

m here we can see the lightsaquí podemos ver las luces de la ciudad (Fro

ontractionsC TAl = a (to, for, at by) + el (masculine article)

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Vamos al mercado (Let's go to the store); Al entrar en la clase, la profesora comenzó a

ablar (Upon entering the classroom, the professor began to speak).

ith) + el (masculine article): ¿Qué piensas del nuevo profesor? (What new teacher?).

lo doy a

n adjective (adjetivo) agrees in gender and number with the noun it describes.

s).

g acho francés (a French boy); una muchacha francesa (a French girl); un baile

e and feminine: n hombre joven (a young man), una mujer joven (a young woman); unos bailes populares

opular songs).

vioso (a

eral sense: alms to a poor man); but El pobre

ombre está con un pie en la fosa (The poor guy has one foot in the grave).

s verdes hojas (the green leaves); ) point out, limit or quantify: este hombre (this man); su marido (her husband);

(less hot); dos lecciones (two lessons).

any adverbs (adverbios) are formed from adjectives, by adding the suffix -mente to the minine singular form: Ella es muy rica (She is very rich); Está ricamente vestida (She is chly dressed).

In a series of adverbs, only the last one takes the -mente suffix, while the other adverbs

h Del = de (of, from, w

o you think of the d Note: The preposition a and de does not contract with the personal pronoun él: Seél (I give it to him).

Adjectives ALike nouns, adjectives generally end in -o for the masculine (plural -os) and -a for the feminine (plural -as): un libro bueno (a good book); muchos estudiantes (many students); una costumbre francesa (a French custom); otras habitaciones (other room Some adjectives whose masculine singular ends in a consonant form the feminine by addin-a: un muchencantador (a charming dance); una canción encantadora (a charming song). Other adjectives ending in a consonant have the same form for both masculinu(some popular dances), unas canciones populares (some p In Spanish adjectives are used usually after the nouns t(unlike English): un día llurainy day). When used before the noun, such adjectives change meaning, acquiring a less litHay que dar limosna a un hombre pobre (One must giveh Adjectives precede the nouns they modify whenever they: 1) express an essential or characteristic quality: la dulce miel (the sweet honey; la2menos caliente Adjectives can be used as nouns, in which case they take a definite article: Los ricos también tienen sus problemas (Rich people have their problems, too). Adjectives are

d adverbially: Vive feliz en la ciudad (He lives happily in the city). occasionally use

Adverbs Mferi

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have the form of feminlearly, quickly and co

ine adjectives: Escribe clara, rápida y correctamente (She writes rrectly).

ás (more) or menos (less): Esta lección es más fácil (This lesson is easier); Lo puedo ily).

the easiest one).

ive

ative of a noun is expressed by mejor (best) and peor (worst) preceded by the ppropriate definite article: la mejor respuesta (the best answer).

he absolute sperlative (superlativo absoluto) of an adjective indicates a high degree of ome quality, rather than a comparison.

suffix -ísimo/a to the adjective or adverb: Es una mujer riquísima lthy woman); Esta riquísimamente vestida (She is very richly

er and estar both mean to be. Ser is used to express what something is, while estar xpresses where or how it is: Nosotros éramos buenos amigos (We were good friends);

(Michael is in the office); Pablo está enfermo (Paul is sick).

¿Te sientes bien? (Do you feel okay?).

he polite form of the second person pronoun is usted (plural ustedes for both masculine nd feminine). It derives from the phrase Vuestra Merced (Your Grace), and is therefore bbreviated either Vd. or Ud. (plural Vds. or Uds.). Although it indicates the second person

is conjugated with third person verb forms (English "he/she/it"). This

c

Comparison The comparative (comparativo) of an adjective or adverb is formed by preceding it with mhacer más fácilmente (I can do it more eas The superlative (superlativo) of an adjective is formed by adding the definite article to the comparative form: Esta lección es la más fácil (This lesson is The superlative of an adverb is expressed by adding the neuter article lo to the comparat form: lo más fácilmente (the most easily). The superla TsIt is formed by adding theShe is an extremely wea(

dressed).

Ser and Estar SeMiguel está en la oficina Estar is also used with the present participle to form the progressive tenses, present and past. Examples: Juan está estudiando (John is studying); Ellos estaban bailando el tango (They were dancing the Tango).

Tú and Usted Tú (the plural vosotros/as is used exclusively in Spain) is the second person pronoun (English "you"). It is used for the familiar form of address when speaking to family members, close friends, children and pet animals: Taamode of address, usted

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lends a respectful sense of distance to the conversation: ¿Sigue Ud. estudiando el español? o you continue studying Spanish?).

iciones) are the connecting words that show the relationships between e. Nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, gerunds or noun clauses can be the

sitions:

s in Spanish include the following:

acia toward

obre over as after

amos a Madrid. We are going to Madrid. iene con su hermano. - She's coming with her brother. uiero gasolina sin plomo. - I want unleaded gasoline.

s, phrases and clauses together.

sed conjunction in Spanish is y (and). da y con su pluma

sword and his pen)

onjunctions:

or i nor ero but

(D

Prepositions Prepositions (prepos

s in ncword the sentecomplement of the prepo

ple pr onSim epositi a to, at con with contra against de of, from

e ce desd from, sindurante during en in, on

ntre between ehhasta until para for, in order to por for, by in without s

str VVQ

Conjunctions

onjunctions (conjunciones) join wordC The most commonly u

spa con su e(with his

Other commonly used c onp

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Interjections An interjection (interjección) is a word or expression. Interjections are rarely used in formal or

n print interjection is usually followed by exclamation mark or a coma: h each interjection uses ¡ in front and ! at the end of the word:

y! -oh!, ouch! ¡por Dios! -for goodness sakes!

o compro suéteres en el Rastro.

os niños en la escuela reciclan las latas. (noun phrase) ool recycle the cans.) y los muchachos de Pamplona corren rapidamente. (noun clauses)

e boys of Pamplona run fast.)

f the verb of action and direct or direct object:

lefante is a direct object of the present tense verb ve.

Adjectives

djectives (adjetivos posesivos) are:

business writing. INote that in Spanis ¡a

Sentences A sentence consists of the subject (the topic of the sentence) and the predicate (what is said about the subject). Y(I buy sweaters in the Rastro.) Yo (I) is the subject of the sentence and compro suéteres (buy sweaters) is the predicate. The most common forms of subject are nouns and pronouns Noun phrase and noun clause may be the subject of a sentence: L(The children in the schLos toros de Pamplona (The bulls of Pamplone and th The most common form of predicate is one consisting oin La niña ve el elefante. (The girl sees the elephant.) E

Possessive The possessive a

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mi or mío/a - my tu or tuyo/a - your su or suyo/a -his, her, its

u or suyo/a - their

ll these forms add -s to form the plural. They agree in gender and number with the noun: is libros (my books); nuestras cosas (our things).

n, a definite article is regularly sed instead of a possessive adjective: Tiene algo en la mano (He has something in his and); Póngase Ud. los zapatos (Put on your shoes).

bres posesivos) are formed by adding the appropriate e possessive adjective:

l mío, la mía, los míos, las mías (mine) l tuyo, la tuya, los tuyos, las tuyas (yours)

tra, etc. (yours)

l suyo, la suya, etc. (theirs)

ossessive pronouns, like possessive adjectives, agree with the thing possessed rather than asa y la nuestra (their

ste esta estos estas (this)

ros

something near the speaker; ese refers to something at a distance from the

nuestro/a - our vuestro/a - your s Possessive adjectives have a short form when they precede the noun and a longer form when they follow it: mis amigos (my friends); una amiga mía (a female friend of mine). Am Note: When referring to clothing, parts of the body, and so ouh The possessive pronouns (pronomdefinite article to the long form of th eeel suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas (his, hers its) el nuestro, la nuestra, etc. (ours) el vuestro, la vues e Pwith the possessor: tus cartas y las mías (your letters and mine); su c

ouse and ours). h

Demonstrative Adjectives The DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES (adjetivos demostrativos) are: Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Singular Singular Plural Plural eese esa esos esas (that) aquel aquella aquellos aquellas (that) Demonstrative adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they modify: estos lib(these books); esa bicicleta (that bicycle); aquellos edificios (those buildings). Este refers to

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speaker but in the vicinity of the person spoken to; aquel refers to something at a distance

on't like this table; I want that one ver there).

trative pronouns esto, eso and aquello do not have written accents since demonstrative adjectives with which they might be confused. They

lways refer to a general idea, a situation, or an indefinite thing, and never have a specific

ns

ronouns (pronombres personales) have different forms depending on whether ey are the subject (sujeto), direct object (objeto directo) or indirect object (

ind ecto).

UBJECT:

n:

o - I

n (familiar)

- you you (plural)

rson (polite)

ou (plural)

llas – they

ote: Subject pronouns (with the exception of Ud.) are regularly omitted, since they can be educed from the conjugated verb forms: Traigo los refrescos (I'm bringing the soft drinks); ienes razón (You're right). When the subject pronouns are used, it is in order to emphasize r clarify: Yo quiero hacer eso (I want to do that myself); Ella cantaba mientras él tocaba la

hile he played the guitar).

from both the speaker and the listener. The demonstrative pronouns (pronombres demostrativos) are formed by adding a written accent to the demonstrative adjectives. They agree in gender and number with the nouns the represent: No prefiero esta mesa; quiero aquélla (I do The neuter demonshere are no neutert

anoun antecedent: ¿Qué es esto? (What's this?); La casa es muy pequeña, y él no quiere eso (The house is very little, and he doesn't want that).

Pronou The personal pthobjeto ir S First perso Ynosotros/as - we Second perso túvosotros/as – Second pe usted - youUdstedes – y Third Person él - he, it ellos - they ella -she e NdToguitarra (She sang w

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DIRECT OBJECT:

econd person (familiar)

(you) os (you)

rson (polite)

, la (you) los, las (you)

Person

los (them) (her, it) las (them)

ote: in parts of Spain, le is often used instead of lo for the direct object pronoun meaning

irst person:

e (me) nos (us)

econd person (familiar)

(you) os (you)

econd person (polite)

s and present participles, and must be attached to affirmative commands: Lo escribo n español (I'm writing it in Spanish); Quiero escribirlo en español or Lo quiero escribir en spañol (I want to write it in Spanish); Estoy escribiéndolo en español or Lo estoy scribiendo en español (I'm writing it in Spanish); Escríbalo Ud. en inglés (Write it in

indirect object is given first. The indirect hony) to se before lo, la, los and las:

First person: me (me) nos (us) S te Second pe le Third lo (him, it) la Nhim. INDIRECT OBJECT: F m S te S le (you) les (you) Third Person le (him, her, it) les (them) Object pronouns (direct and indirect) usually precede the verb, but can be attached to infinitiveeeeEnglish). When a verb has two object pronouns, the object pronouns le and les change (for reasons of eup

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Deseo dárselo a ellos (I want to give it to them); Se lo quiero enviar a ella (I want to send it her).

eflexive Pronouns and Verbs

ronombres reflexivos) are:

(myself) nos (ourselves)

n (familiar)

(yourself) os (yourselves)

te)

English, but usually ey cannot be translated in isolation from the verb: Me lavo (I wash myself); Me acuesto

eflexive pronouns normally precede the conjugated verb, but are attached to the infinitive, mands: Quiero lavarme (I want to wash up); Estoy e Uds. (Wash yourselves).

e used in a reciprocal sense, meaning each other: Nos escriben todos los días (They write each other every day).

repositional Pronouns

s are:

í (me) nosotros/as (us)

to

R The reflexive pronouns (p First person: me Second perso te Second person (poli se (yourself) se (yourselves) Third Person se (him, her, itself) se (themselves) Reflexive pronouns are always used with reflexive verbs (verbs expressing an action whose subject is also its object, i.e. where the doer acts upon himself). Sometimes the literal meaning of the reflexive pronouns (myself, etc.) can be translated intothmuy tarde (I go to bed very late); Me quejo del trabajo (I complain about the work); Me acuerdo de eso (I remember that); Ya me voy (I'm going away now). Rthe present participle, and affirmative com

vándome (I am washing myself); Lávensla The reflexive pronouns can also b

mamos (we love each other); Sea

P The prepositional pronoun First person: m

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Second person (familiar)

(you) vosotros/as (you)

son (polite)

d. (you) Uds.(you)

it) ellos (them)

Reflexive

l

he neuter pronoun ello is used instead of lo after a preposition, when reference is being ade to a general idea that has already been expressed: Tendrás buen éxito; no hay inguna duda de ello (You'll be successful; there's no doubt about it).

and sí combine with the preposition con (with) to become onmigo, contigo and consigo: ¿Quieres ir conmigo? (Do you want to come with me?); Lo

elative pronouns (pronombres relativos) introduce a subordinate clause and replace ject

mmon relative pronoun is que: El hombre que está hablando es un amigo mío The man who is talking is a friend of mine); La lección que estudias es muy fácil (The

a reigner).

tí Second per U Third Person él (him,

sí (him/her/it/yourself, themselves/yourselves) Neuter ello

Prepositional pronouns are the object of the preposition that they follow: Es demasiado difícipara mí (It's too difficult for me); No podemos hacerlo sin ella (We can't do it without her). Tmn

he prepositional pronouns mí, tíTctrae consigo (He's bringing it with him).

Relative Pronouns Rsomething mentioned earlier in the sentence. They can function as either subject or obpronouns without any change in form. The most co (lesson that you're studying is quite simple). After a preposition, que is used as the relative pronoun for things, quien or quienes for persons: La habitación en que vivo es muy cómoda (The room in which I live is very cosy); La mujer de quien hablabas es extranjera (The woman about whom you were speaking is fo The compound relative pronouns el/la que (plural los/las que) or el/la cual (pl. los/las cuales)

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are used interchangeably after prepositions of more than one syllable, or to avoid confusion nd ambiguity: Estos son mis libros, entre los que hay un diccionario de bolsillo (These are

n,

dice lo que piensa (He always says what he thinks); Me habló de sus problemas, lo ual no me gustó (He spoke to me about his troubles, which didn't please me).

n cuyo/a (plural cuyos/as) usually functions as an adjective meaning It can refer to both persons and things, and always agrees in gender and

umber with the thing possessed rather than with the possessor: ¿Te acuerdas de la niña

e distinguished by their written accents.

r soul?); ¿Cuáles son tus libros favoritos?

hich are your favorite books?). Used in that way, qué and cuál are interrogative pronouns. hen an interrogative adjective is required, qué is used for both senses (what? and which?):

Qué días vas al hipódromo? (Which days do you go to the racetrack?).

ote: Interrogatives are also used in indirect questions, where a question is referred to ithout being directly asked: No sé quién es (I don't know who she is). The direct question as ¿Quién es esa mujer? (Who is that woman?).

y words (exclamaciones) also have written accents. The most common one is ué...! used in front of an adjective, adverb or noun: ¡Qué casa! (What a house!); ¡Qué

elicioso! (How delicious!); ¡Qué fácilmente lo haces tú! (How easily you do it!). In literary

amy books, among which there is a pocket dictionary); Ayer fuí al cine con la madre de Juala cual es francesa (Yesterday I went to the cinema with John's mother, who is French). The neuter forms lo que and lo cual are used when the antecedent is a general idea: Siemprec The relative pronou

hose or of which.wncuyos padres la abandonaron? (Do you remember the little girl whose parents abandoned her?).

Questions Interrogatives (interrogativos) ask a question, and arThe most common interrogatives are: ¿Quién? (Who?) ¿Cuántos? (How many?) ¿Qué? (What) ¿Dónde? (Where?) ¿Cuál? (Which?) ¿Por qué? (Why?) ¿Cómo? (How?) ¿Para qué? (Why?) ¿Cuánto?(How much?) ¿Cuándo? (When?) Qué asks for a definition or description (what?), while cuál (plural cuáles) asks for a choice odistinction (which?): ¿Qué es el alma? (What is the(WW¿ Nww

Exclamations Exclamator¡Qd

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usage, ¡Cuán...! may replace ¡Qué...!: ¡Cuán fácilmente lo haces tú!

e follows a noun in this construction, it is preceded by más (most) or tan o): ¡Qué casa más bonita! (What a pretty house!); ¡Qué niños tan alegres! (What happy

ada (nothing) jamás (never)

verb is negated by placing no in front of it: No sé (I don't know). When there is an object ronoun in front of the verb, no is placed before the object pronoun: No lo veo (I don't see it).

e standard in Spanish: No veo a nadie en la calle (I don't see anybody in o ni papel ni pluma (I don't have either paper or pen). Negatives are

lso used in comparisons: Ella escribe mejor que nadie (She writes better than anybody);

hen the direct object of a verb is a person or a domestic animal, it is preceded by the no English equivalent: Veo a mi amigo (I st look for the dog); No invito a nadie (I'm

ot inviting anyone).

a friend).

gati

panish verbs belong to one of three conjugations (conjugaciones) which can be istinguished by the endings of the infinitive forms.

lar (to talk) econd Conjugation -er: comer (to eat) hird Conjugation -ir: vivir (to live)

hen an adjectivW

(schildren!).

Negation The most common negatives (negativos) are: no (no, not) nunca (never) nnadie (nobody) tampoco (neither) ninguno/a (not any) ni...ni (neither...nor) Ap Double negatives arhe street); No tengtaAhora lo necesito más que nunca (Now I need it more than ever).

ersonal AP Wpersonal a (la preposición personal a) which hasee my friend); Hay que buscar al perro (We mus

n The personal a is not used, however, with the verb tener: Tengo un amigo (I have

Verb Conju ons: Tenses Sd First Conjugation -ar: habST

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The form of a verb depends on: 1) its conjugation group 2) its tense (time reference) and mood (intent)

and number of its subject

ple tenses (tiempos simples):

. Present - presente:

ablo (I talk)

. Future - futuro:

ablarás (you will talk)

. Imperfect - pretérito imperfecto:

ablaba (she used to talk)

. Preterite - pretérito indefinido:

(tiempos compuestos):

. Present perfect - préterito perfecto:

o:

. Plusperfect or past perfect - pretérito pluscuamperfecto:

anterior - pretérito anterior:

ube comido (I had eaten)

) in Spanish:

. Indicative - indicativo:

3) the person Spanish has four sim 1 h 2 h 3 h 4 hablaron (they talked) There are also four compound tenses 1 hemos comido (we have eaten) 2. Future perfect - futuro perfect habréis comido (you all will have eaten) 3 habían comido (they had eaten) 4.Preterite perfect or past h There are four moods (modos 1To express a fact:

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Está en el banco (It's in the bank) 2. Subjanctive - subjuntivo: To express a wish, an emotional attitude, or a doubt:

iento que no venga Ud. (I'm sorry you're not coming) t that you'll come)

. Conditional - potencial or condicional: f would:

uan no lo haría así (John wouldn't do it that way)

enga Ud. (Come!)

ons: Person and Number

(persona) and number (número) with its subject (the doer of the erstood without being expressed by a noun or pronoun.

. Singular:

o) veo a Juan (I see John)

. Plural :

ork) Tienen Uds. dinero? (Do you all have money?)

mer (They want to eat)

speaker, second person is the one spoken to, and third person is the one spoken about. 1. First person

a teacher)

Quiero que Ud. venga (I want you to come) SDudo que venga Ud. (I doub 3expressing the idea o J 4. Imperative - imperativo:

xpressing a direct command: e V

Verb Conjugati A finite verb agrees in person action), even when the subject is und There are two numbers: 1 (Y(Tú) debes hacerlo (You must do it) Ud. tiene razón (You're right) (Ella) quiere a su gato (She loves her cat) 2 (Nosotros) vemos el cielo (We see the sky) (Vosotros) debéis trabajar (You all should w¿(Ellos) quieren co There are three persons: First person is the

(Yo) soy maestro (I'm (Nosotros) somos alumnos (We are pupils)

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. Second person

(Tú) eres guapo (You are good-looking) - singular

Ud. es muy amable (You are very kind) – singular, polite form

Uds. son muy amables (You all are very kind) – plural, polite form

OTE: The usted/ustedes (polite you) form of address is second person but uses third pectful distance on the part of the speaker.

3. Third person

is hard-working)

(prese is formed by removing the infinitive ending ( dding the verb stem. There is a different set of

ersonal endings for each of the three conjugations:

irst conjugation (habl-ar)

abl-o (I talk) habl-amos (we talk) lk)

-er)

eat)

)

iv-es (you live) viv-ís (you live) iv-e (she lives) viv-en (they live)

2

(Vosotros) sois feos (You all are ugly) - plural

Nperson verb forms, which lends an air of res

Ella) es trabajadora (She(

(Ellos) son perezosos (They are lazy)

Present Tense The present tense nte) of regular verbs-ar, -er or -ir) and a personal endings top F hhabl-as (you ta habl-áis (you talk) habl-a (she talks) habl-an (they talk) Second conjugation (com com-o (I eat) com-emos (we eat)com-es (you eat) com-éis (you allcom-e (she eats) com-en (they eat Third conjugation (viv-ir) viv-o (I live) viv-imos (we live) vv

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The present tense is commonly used in conversation to refer to actions which will take place Vengo más tarde (I'll come later). It is sometimes used in literature nding a sense of immediacy to historical narrative: Cortés admira la

ondad y liberalidad del gran Montezuma (Cortez admired the goodness and generosity of

se (futuro) s is formed by adding personal endings to the he endings ar three conjugations.

ablar-emos (we will talk) ablar-éis (you all will talk) ablar-án (they will talk)

re time, the future tense can express uncertainty or probability in e present: Serán las cinco It must be about five o'clock).

is formed by removing the infinitive ere is one set of

d by the second (

amos (w were talking) you all were talking)

ey were talking)

HIRD CONJUGATION (viv-ir) iv-ía (I used to live) viv-íamos (we used to live)

-íais (you all used to live) -ían (they used to live)

he imperfect tense is used to describe a situation in the past, or an action which was

in the immediate future: o replace the preterite, let

bthe great Montezuma). This is called the vivid present.

Future Tense The future ten of regular verbinfinitive. T e the same for all hablar-é (I will talk) comeré, viviré, etc. hablar-ás (you will talk) hablar-á (she will talk hhh n addition to expressing futuIth (

Imperfect Tense The imperfect tense (pretérito imperfecto) of regular verbsending (-AR, -ER or -IR) and adding personal endings to the verb stem. Thendings for the first (-AR) conjugation and a second set of endings share-ER) and third (-IR) conjugations. FIRST CONJUGATION (habl-ar) habl-aba (I was talking) habl-áb ehabl-abas (you were talking) habl-abais (habl-aba (she was talking) habl-aban (thSECOND CONJUGATION (com-er) com-ía (I was eating) com-íamos (we were eating) com-ías (you were eating) com-íais (you all were eating) com-ía (she was eating) com-ían (they were eating) Tvviv-ías (you used to live) vivviv-ía (she used to live) vivTongoing or repeated: Eran las once (it was eleven o'clock); Queríamos comer bien (We wanted to eat well); Todos los días llegá bamos tarde (We used to arrive late every day).

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Preterite Tense The Preterite tense (pretérito indefinido) of regular verbs is formed by removing the infinitive

to the verb stem. As with the st (-AR) conjugation and a second set of

) conjugations.

) lked)

JUGATION (viv-ir) iv-í (I lived) viv-imos (we lived)

omenzó a llover (It began to rain); Juan cenó conmigo ayer (John ate supper with me esterday).

he preterite is also used to indicate an event which took place while another action (in the perfect tense) was ongoing: Dormía cuando llegué (He was sleeping when I arrived).

he COMPOUND TENSES (tiempos compuestos) are formed with the AUXILIARY VERB ( e PAST PARTICIPLE (participio pasivo) of the main verb. The

ses is invariable in form.

ito perfecto) uses the present tense of the auxiliary verb

a comido (she has eaten)

) uses the future tense of the auxiliary verb haber:

she will have eaten)

ending (-AR, -ER or -IR) and adding personal endings firimperfect tense, there is one set of endings for the

and ird (-IRendings shared by the second (-ER) th FIRST CONJUGATION (habl-ar)

mos (we alkedhabl-é (I talked) habl-a t talked) habl-aste (you habl-asteis (you all ta

habl-ó (she talked) habl-aron (they talked) SECOND CONJUGATION (com-er) com-í (I ate) com-imos (we ate) com-iste (you ate) com-isteis (you all ate) com-ió (she ate) com-ieron (they ate)

HIRD CONTvviv-iste (you lived) viv-isteis (you all lived) viv-ió (she lived) viv-ieron (they lived)

he preterite tense narrates an action with a definite beginnning or ending in the past: TCy Tim

Perfect Tenses Tverbo auxiliar) haber and thpast participle in compound ten The PRESENT PERFECT (pretérhaber: he comido (I have eaten)

as comido (you have eaten) hhhemos comido (we have eaten) habéis comido (you all have eaten) han comido (they have eaten) The FUTURE PERFECT (futuro perfecto habré comido (I will have eaten ) habrás comido (you will have eaten) habrá comido (

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habremos comido (we will have eaten) abréis comido (you all will have eaten)

e eaten)

RFECT (pretérito pluscuamperfecto) uses the imperfect

abía comido (I had eaten)

ido (she had eaten) abíamos comido (we had eaten)

eaten)

AST ANTERIOR (pretérito anterior) uses the preterite tense

ube comido (I had eaten)

aten) ubieron comido (they had eaten)

rite or pluperfect is used. The reterite perfect is only found after conjunctions of time, such as cuando (when), después

he PERFECT INFINITIVE (infinitivo compuesto) is composed of the infinitive of haber and e past participle of the verb: haber comido (to have eaten).

erundio compuesto) is composed of the present participle of aber and the past participle of the verb: habiendo comido (having eaten).

tendré tiempo (I would do it today, but I won't have time); o habría hecho ayer, pero no tenía tiempo (I would have done it yesterday, but I didn't have

cuando desayuné ayer? (I wonder what time was it hen I ate breakfast yesterday?).

onal is formed y adding a single set of personal endings to the f all three con dings are identical to those of the imperfect tense

third conju only difference is that those are added to the stem,

hhabrán comido (they will hav The PLUPERFECT or PAST PEtense of haber: hhabías comido (you had eaten) había comhhabíais comido (you all hadhabían comido (they had eaten) The PRETERITE PERFECT or Pof haber: hhubiste comido (you had eaten) hubo comido (she had eaten) hubimos comido (we had eaten) hubisteis comido (you all had eh NOTE: This is strictly a literary tense; in conversation, the pretepque (after), apenas (scarcely) or luego que (as soon as): Después que hube comido, salí (After I had eaten, I went out). Tth

he PERFECT PARTICIPLE (gTh

Conditional Mood The CONDITIONAL MOOD (modo potencial) expresses the idea of would (contingent possibility): Lo haría hoy, pero no Ltime); Elena dijo que vendría (Elena said that she would come). It can also be used to express wonderment or doubt in the past, just as the future tense can be used in the present: ¿Qué hora seríaw The conditi (like the future) binfinitives o jugations. (The enof second and gation verbs; the rather than to the entire infinitive form.)

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hablar-ía (I would talk) comería, viviría, etc. hablar-ías (you would talk) hablar-ía (she would talk)

ablar-íamos (we would talk)

) is a compound tense using the xiliar t participle of the main verb:

(we would have eaten) abríais comido (you would have eaten) abrían comido (they would have eaten)

eated as though it were a tense rather than a mood; strictly l is a mood which has two tenses: a simple tense used

hen referring to present possibilities, and a compound tense used when referring to

duced by

).

PERSONAL EXPRESSIONS like es necesario (it is necessary): Tenga Ud. (Here, have is); No hables (Don't talk!); Comamos (Let's eat); Es una lástima que no quiera venir (It's

).

BJUN rmed by adding one set of personal endings to an dings to verbs of the -ER and -IR conjugations:

ESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

lks) RESENT SUBJUNCTIVE t)

iv-as (you live) viv-áis (you live)

he IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE is formed by adding a set of endings terminating in either -

hhablar-íais (you all would talk) hablar-ían (they would talk) The CONDITIONAL PERFECT (potencial perfectoconditional of the au y verb haber and the pas habría comido (I would have eaten) habrías comido (you would have eaten) habría comido (she would have eaten) habríamos comido hhNOTE: The conditional is often trpeaking, however, the conditionas

wpossibilities in the past.

Subjunctive Mood The SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD (modo subjuntivo) is used in independent clauses introque (that) when the main clause expresses a wish, a strong emotional attitude, or an uncertainty: Te ruego que escribas en español (I beg you to write in Spanish); Tenían miedo de que ella no volviera (They were afraid that she might not come back); Dudo que sea la verdad (I doubt that it's the truth The subjunctive is also used for FORMAL COMMANDS, for the negative (only) of INFORMAL COMMANDS, for HORTATORY COMMANDS (English Let's...!) and after IMtha pity that he doesn't want to come The PRESENT SU CTIVE is regularly fothe stem of -AR verbs d a second set of en FIRST CONJUGATION (habl-ar) PRhabl-e (I talk) habl-emos (we talk) habl-es (you talk) habl-éis (you talk) habl-e (she ta habl-en (they talk) SECOND CONJUGATION (com-er) Pcom-a (I eat) com-amos (we eacom-as (you eat) com-áis (you eat) com-a (she eat) com-an (they eat) THIRD CONJUGATION (viv-ir) PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE viv-a (I live) viv-amos (we live) vviv-a (she lives) viv-an (they live) T

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RA or -SE (with no difference in usage or meaning) to the verb stem, with one set of endings ings for second (-ER) and third (-IR)

abl-aras OR habl-ases (you talked) abl-ara OR habl-ase (she talked)

emos (we talked) ked)

d)

e om-ieras OR com-ieses (you ate) om-iera OR com-iese (she ate)

os (we ate) (you all ate) (they ate)

iv-iera OR viv-iese (she lived) iv-iéramos OR viviésemos (we lived)

(you all lived) ey lived)

SUBJUN und tense formed by the present subjunctive of t partic rb.

aya comido (she has eaten) ayamos comido (we have eaten)

aten)

nd tense formed by the imperfect particip rb.

ubiera/hubiese comido (I had eaten) ubieras/hubieses comido (you had eaten)

ido (she had have eaten) os comido (we had eaten)

ubierais/hubieseis comido (you had eaten)

for first conjugation (-AR) verbs and another set of endconjugation verbs: Esperaba que él llegara/llegase tarde (I was expecting him to arrive late). FIRST CONJUGATION (habl-ar) IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE habl-ara OR habl-ase (I talked) hhhabl-áramos OR habl-áshabl-arais OR habl-aseis (you all talhabl-aran OR habl-asen (they talkeSECOND CONJUGATION (com-er) IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE com-iera OR com-ies (I ate) cccom-iéramos OR com-iésemcom-ierais OR com-ieseis com-ieran OR com-iesen THIRD CONJUGATION (viv-ir) IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE viv-iera OR viv-iese (I lived) viv-ieras OR viv-ieses (you lived)vvviv-ierais OR viv-ieseis viv-ieran OR viv-iesen (thThe PERFECT CTIVE is a compohaber and the pas iple of the main ve haya comido (I have eaten) hayas comido (you have eaten) hhhayáis comido (you all have ehayan comido (they have eaten) The PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE is a compousubjunctive of haber and the past le of the main ve hhhubiera/hubiese com

ubiéramos/hubiésemhhhubieran/hubiesen comido (they had eaten)

Commands

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Familiar COMMANDS (mandatos), when positive, are expressed by means of the impermood. The second person singular (tú) forms are id

ative entical to the third person singular of the

resent tense: El niño duerme (The child is sleeping); ¡Duerme tú! (Go to sleep!). The the

EGATIVE familiar commands, both singular and plural, are expressed by the present

go to bed).

ation tes

español (Write in Spanish). Hortatory commands an be expressed either with the subjunctive or with the phrase vamos a and an infinitive: urmamos (Let's go to sleep); Vamos a dormir (Let's go to sleep).

cede negative and Ud. (Don't bring it to

e); Que lo traiga Juan (Let John bring it).

tions

t is specified, the passive voice is expressed by:

impersonal you and they. This construction often difficult-- if not impossible-- to distinguish from the passive reflexive (textbooks differ their classification of common phrases like Se habla español (Spanish is spoken / One

rb must be in the singular, hould be easily translated as

ne or you: ¿Cómo se va al teatro? (How does one get to the theater?); ¿Cómo se dice eso

s

psecond person plural (vosotros) forms are based on the infinitive, with a -d substituted forfinal -r: ¡Dormid vosotros! (Go to sleep, all of you!). Nsubjunctive: ¡No duermas tú! (Don't go to sleep!). The present subjunctive is used for FORMAL COMMANDS, both positive and negative: Duerma Ud. (Please go to sleep). It is also used for indirect commands (introduced by the conjunction que): Está cansado; que se acueste (He's tired; let him For impersonal commands given in a general sense (directions on a bottle or an examinpaper, for instance) the impersonal pronoun se is attached to the subjunctive: Agítese ande usar (Shake before using); Escríbase encD Object pronouns are attached to affirmative commands, but they pre

direct commands: Tráigamelo Ud. (Bring it to me); No me lo traigainm

assive and Impersonal ConstrucP In the PASSIVE VOICE (voz pasiva), the subject is acted upon by an outside agent. When the agen SUBJECT + ser + past participle + por + AGENT for example: Esta carta fue escrita por un amigo mío (This letter was written by a friend of mine). Since the past participle acts as an adjective, it agrees in gender and number with the subject. If the passive subject is a thing and the agent is not mentioned, then a PASSIVE REFLEXIVE ( pasiva reflexiva) construction is used, with the reflexive pronoun se preceding the verb andthe passive subject following it: Aquí se venden cigarrillos (Cigarettes are sold here). Se is also used to form IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS, with se used as an indefinite subject pronoun similar to the English one or the isinspeaks Spanish). There are two main criteria to be met: the veince se is singular when used as a subject pronoun, and se ss

oen español? (How do you say that in Spanish?).

articiples and Progressive TenseP

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The PRESENT PA PLE (gerundio) is foRTICI rmed by adding the suffix -ando to the stem of

nju AR) ve the stem of second (-ER) and third (-IR) njugation verbs (or -yendo if the stem ends in a vowel).

ent participle is used with the verb estar to form the PROGRESSIVE TENSES ( empos progresivos), which express an ongoing action: Estoy estudiando español (I am

wspaper). The ame construction is used with seguir and continuar: Sigue llorando (She keeps on crying);

g etter).

er used for estar, venir and ir.

E formed by adding the suffix -ado to the stem of -bs he stem verbs (or -ído if the stem ends in a vowel).

cib-ir (to receive) recibido (received)

n mos cerrado la tienda (We have closed the store); Habrá perdido las

ves (He will have lost the keys); Habías recibido una carta (You had received a letter); ntraron después de que hubo caído (They entered after she had fallen down).

ivally, however, past participles agree in gender and number with the : La tienda está cerrada (The store is closed); Las llaves están perdidas

The keys are lost).

he INFINITIVE (infinitivo) is a verb form that is not limited by person or number; to be is an

COMPLEMENTARY INFINITIVE completes the meaning of a preceding conjugated verb:

fter a preposition, the infinitive form of a verb must always be used: Prefiero leer antes de

first co gation (- rbs and -iendo to co habl-ar (to talk) hablando (talking) com-er (to eat) comiendo (eating) viv-ir (to live) viviendo (living) le-er (to read) leyendo (reading) The prestistudying Spanish); Estabas leyendo el periódico (You were reading the nesContinuan estudiando (They continue studying). The present participle is also used with the verb ir to express an action which is gradual or incremental: Va mejorando (It is gettinb NOTE: The progressive construction is nev The PAST PARTICIPL (participio pasivo) is AR ver , -ido to t of -ER and -IR cerr-ar (to close) cerrado (closed) perd-er (to lose) perdido (lost) reca-er (to fall) caído (fallen) When used with the auxiliary verb haber to form compound tenses, the past participle has ainvariable ending: HellaE When used adject

ouns they modifyn (

Infinitives TEnglish infinitive. Spanish/English dictionaries always identify a verb by its infinitive. ANo puedo hablar de eso (I can't talk about that); Quiero comer en un restaurante (I want to eat in a restaurant); Ella piensa vivir con ellos (She intends to live with them). Adormir (I prefer to read before going to sleep). A common temporal expression consists of the contraction al (literally, "at the", but translate

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"upon") together with an infinitive: Al despertar, me di cuenta de lo que había hecho (Upon wakening, I realized what I had done).

hey

OTE: Confusion arises for English-speaking students from the fact that verbal nouns in

radable), while the second one would use a present participle (Estoy antando).

his confusion is compounded by the fact that English verbal nouns are called gerunds and rundios. It is advisable, perhaps, to avoid using the

noun and present participle are unmistakable in eir meaning.

ese e major groups:

ROUP 1 r -ER that el from E to IE or from O to UE in the indicative

ju the present tense, except in the plurals of the first and second

hink)

UNCTIVE think)

iensas pienses (you think)

semos (we think)

NCTIVE elva (I return)

you all return) uelven vuelvan (they return) ROUP 2 erbs in -IR with the same changes as above, and an additional change of E to I or O to U in

a Infinitives can be used as VERBAL NOUNS (nombres verbales). When used that way, tare considered to be masculine singular, and may be preceded by the definite article el: El escribir bien es un arte (Writing well is an art); Trabajar es lo que importa (Working is what matters). NEnglish have the same form as present participles. In the sentence "Singing is fun", for example, the word "singing" is a verbal noun; but it is a present participle in the sentence "I am singing" (present progressive tense). In Spanish, the first example would use an infinitive (El cantar es agc TSpanish present participles are called geerms gerund and gerundio altogether; verbal t

th

tem-Changing Verbs S Many verbs in Spanish change the spelling of their stems in certain conjugated forms. Thverbs can be divided into thre GVerbs in -AR o change the stem vowand sub nctive moods ofpersons ("we" and "you all"). Pensar (to t INDICATIVE SUBJpienso piense (Ippiensa piense (she thinks) pensamos penpensáis penséis (you all think) piensan piensen (they think) Volver (to return) INDICATIVE SUBJUvuelvo vuvuelves vuelvas (you return) vuelve vuelva (she returns) volvemos volvamos (we return) volvéis volváis (vGV

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the third person of the preterite tense, in the first and second person plural forms of the resent subjunctive, and in the entire imperfect subjunctive conjugation as well as the

resent Indicative: siento, sientes, siente, sentimos, sentís, sienten tiste,

ntan

cative duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, dormís, duermen reterite: dormí, dormiste, durmió, dormimos, dormisteis, durmieron

mas, duerma durmamos, durmáis, duerman perfect Subjunctive: durmiera, durmieras, durmiera, durmiéramos

an resent Participle: durmiendo ROUP 3

resent Indicative: pido, pides, pide, pedimos, pedís, piden reterite: pedí, pediste, pidió, pedimos, pedisteis, pidieron

pidas, pida, pidamos, pidáis, pidan ra, pidieras, pidiera, pidiéramos, pidierais, pidieran

uture tense Ir A

expressed by using the construction ir a followed by an infinitive. his construction can also be used with reference to the past, by conjugating ir in the

lse friends

easy to nings. It is one of the pitfalls for people learning Spanish.

ute(ly)

ll, by

.

ppresent participle. Sentir, (to feel) PPreterite: sentí, sen sintió, sentimos, sentisteis, sintieron Present Subjunctive: sienta, sientas, sienta, sintamos, sintáis, sieImperfect Subjunctive: sintiera, sintieras, sintiera, sintiéramos, sintierais, sintieran Present Participle: sintiendo Dormir, (to sleep) Present IndiPPresent Subjunctive: duerma, duerImdurmierais, durmierPG Verbs in -IR which only change E to I. Pedir (to request) PPPresent Subjunctive: pida,mperfect Subjunctive: pidieIPresent Participle: pidiendo

F

he future tense can beTTimperfect tense: Voy a cantar (I am going to sing); Iban a bailar (They were about to dance).

Fa Because some of the words are almost identical in the two languages, it’sconfuse their mea

Absoluto & Absol

Absoluto - absolute, utter, complete. When preceded by en, it means not at ano means, no way. Absolute- absoluto. Absolutely - absolutamente, completamente, totalmente

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Actual & Actual

Actual - current or present: El presidente actual vive en Madrid president lives in Madrid. Actualmente - currently, at present, now. Actual - verdadero or efectivo. Actually - realmente, en realidad, en efe

- The current

cto.

mething, like a theory, paint, or sanctions. ply for a job - solicitar or presentar; to apply oneself to - dirigirse a

uno; to apply in the sense of be applicable - ser aplicable or interesar.

Asistir & Assist

. Assist - ayudar.

Atender & Attend

ain - to pay attention to, to heed, care for. Attend - asistir.

n in UK. Billion (amer) - mil millones. (Brit) billón.

Bizarro & Bizarre

Bizarro - valient, gallant, brave; generous.

Blanco & Blank

blanca - a blank sheet of paper. Blank (adj) en blanco, liso, sin adorno.

Campo & Camp

rm. Camp refers to un campamento.

Carpeta & Carpet

e, or table cloth. Carpet - una alfombra, una moqueta.

, or agreement. , una avenencia, unas concesiones recíprocas, el

término medio, la solución intermedia; (v) - comprometer or transigir.

Aplicar & Apply

Aplicar - to apply soApply - aplicar ap

Asistir - to attend

Atender - to attend in Latin America, in Sp

Billón & Billion

Billón - a trillion in US, billio

Bizarre - extraño or raro

Blanco – white, blank: una página

Campo means country(side), field, or fa

Carpeta - folder, file, portfolio, briefcas

Complexión & Complexion

Complexión - constitution, make-up, temperament, physical build. Complexion - la tez, el cutiz, la piel.

Compromiso & Compromise

Compromiso - obligation, commitment, promiseCompromise (n) - una transacción

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Constipación & Constipation

catarrh.

orrespond

. ar en correspondencia con.

Decepción/Decepcionar & Deception/Deceive

pointment. Decepcionar - to disappoint. Deception - un engaño, un fraude. To deceive - engañar, defraudar.

nto, la delicia. To delight - encantar, deleitar.

ishap, accident, setback, bad luck. inia.

stitute

itado, en la miseria.

cord. baile.

repugnancia , aversión.

Educado & Educated

Constipación, constipado - a cold orConstipation - el estreñimiento.

Contestar & Contest

Contestar means to answer or reply. Contest as a verb means impugnar, atacar, disputar, or contender.

Corresponder & C

Corresponder -to correspond, tally, fit in, match, or belongCorrespond (by mail) - escribirse, est

Chocar & Choke

Chocar - shock or startle, clink (glasses), shake (hands). Choke - sofocarse or atragantarse.

Decepción - disap

Delito & Delight

Delito - a crime, offence, misdeed. Delight - el placer, el deleite, el enca

Desgracia & Disgrace

Desgracia - misfortune, mDisgrace - la deshonra, ignom

Despertar & Desperate

Despertar – to wake up Desperate - desesperado.

Destituido & De

Destituido - devoid of or lacking. Destitute - indigente, desamparado, neces

Disco & Disco

Disco - disco, disk, discus, traffic-light, or (audio) reDisco - disco, discoteca, or sala de

Disgusto & Disgust

Disgusto - annoyance, displeasure, grief, trouble. Disgust -

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Educado - well-mannered, polite, cultivated, from the verb educar - to raise, brinup, rear. Educated form of the verb to educate: formar or instr

g

uir.

d

mbarazada = a pregnant woman, an

Embarrassed - avergonzado, molesto, or incómodo.

Emocionante & Emotional

citing, thrilling, moving. Emotional - afectivo, emocional, emotivo, sentimental.

Éxito & Exit

Éxito - success: a gran éxito - very successful.

Fabric - el tejido or la tela.

Fútbol & Football

). Football - le fútbol americano.

e Futile - inútil, vano, or infructuoso.

Insulto & Insult

stomachache. Insult - insulto.

Introducir & Introduce

Introduce (a person) - presentar

Largo & Large

r abundant. Large - grande or importante.

Library - una biblioteca.

Minorista & Minority

Embarazada & Embarrasse

Embarazada (adj) – pregnant, noun: una eexpectant mother.

Emocionante - ex

Exit - una salida.

Fábrica & Fabric

Fábrica - factory, plant, or mill.

Fútbol - soccer (in American English

Fútil & Futile

Fútil - trivial, whil

Insulto (Mexico) - indigestion or a

Introducir - introduce a topic.

Largo - long, generous, o

Librería & Library

Librería - bookstore.

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Minorista (Caribbean and SoutMinority - la minoría or, as an a

h American) - retail or retail seller. djective, minoritario.

her. mente.

ber

or noun. ero.

nce & Once

Once - una vez.

rvative

dor.

retend

be rich.

ut more commonly means odd or strange.

or to fulfill. prender, reconocer.

gistrar, inscribir, or grabar.

Relativo & Relative

Relativo has the same meaning as an adjective, but as a noun it is used only in

miliar.

volver

Molestar & Molest

Molestar - to annoy or botMolest - acosar sexual

Nombre & Num

Nombre - nameNumber - un núm

O

Once - eleven

Preservativo vs Prese

Preservativo - a condom. Preservative - un conserva

Pretender & P

Pretender - claim: Ella pretende ser rica - She claims to Pretend - fingir or simular.

Raro & Rare

Raro - rare, bRare - poco común or excepcional.

Real & Real

Real - royal. Real - verdadero, auténtico, legítimo.

Realizar & Realize

Realizar - to realize, make real, to attain, Realize – realizar, darse cuenta de, com

Recordar & Record

Recordar - remember, recall, or remind. Record - re

linguistics. Relative as a noun - pariente or fa

Revolver & Re

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Revolver is a verRevolver is a noun: un revólver

b: to move around, turn over, revolve, or disturb.

ry

l sueldo.

sible

o, or prudente.

over. sereno.

d. mantener.

cess

unfo.

Tuna & Tuna

Tuna - prickly pear, a student music group, the life of a rogue, and, in Central

Vaso & Vase

aso - a glass or tumbler.

Ropa & Rope

Ropa - clothing. Rope - una cuerda or una soga.

Salario & Sala

Salario - hourly wages, whileSalary - fixed earnings per month or year: e

Sano & Sane

Sano - healthy, fit, or intact. Sane - cuerdo, sensato, or de juicio sano.

Sensible & Sen

Sensible - sensitive or regrettable. Sensible - juicioso, sensat

Sobre - Sober

Sobre - envelope or a preposition: on, above, Sober - sobrio or

Sopa & Soap

Sopa - soup or, informally, a hangover, while Soap - jabón.

Soportar & Support

Soportar - to bear, carry, support, hold up, or withstanSupport - apoyar, sostener, or

Suceso & Suc

Suceso - an event, incident, happening, or outcome. Success - un éxito or tri

America, drunkenness. Tuna - el atún.

VVase - un florero or jarrón.

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How to write Spanish characters n Spanish

lock" enabled.

ress and hold the ALT key. While holding down the ALT key, enter the 3-digit or the extended ASCII character you want to generate (in this case 164) then T key. You should be able to do this in almost any programme.

Spanish characters with their alt numbers.

í 161 ª 166 ó 162 º 167 ú 163 Ñ 164 É 144 ñ 165 Note: It is never obligatory to use accents with capital letters.

How to write the Spanish characters and accents eg, á é í ó ú ü ñ ¿ ¡ º ª on a noeyboard? k

If you didn't buy your computer in a Spanish speaking country then your keyboard won't be set up for Spanish. . To write a character with alt keys you must have your "num you want to write an ñ first we have to know the ASCII code which is alt 164. If

To write an ñ p

fdecimal coderelease the AL Here is a list of á 160 ¿ 168 é 130 ¡ 173

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Spanish - English Dictionary Abbreviations used in this dictionary: n - noun, adj - adjective, adv - adverb, v - verb, f - feminine, m - masculine, pron - pronoun, prep – preposition, pl - plural Abreviaturas - Abbreviations a.C. ante de Christo - B.C (before Christ) a. J.C. antes de Jesucristo - B.C. (before Christ), a.m. antes del mediodía - a.m.(before noon) apdo. apartado postal P.O. Box Av. avenida Ave. (avenue) Avda. avenida Ave. (avenue) c.c. centímetro cúbico - c.c. (cubic centimeters) Cía compañia - Co. (company) cm centímetro - cm. (centimetre) c/u cada uno - per each, apiece, D. don - Sir Da. doña - Madam d.C. después de Cristo - A.D. (anno domini) d.J.C. después de Jesucristo - A.D. (anno domini), Dr. doctor - Dr.(m) Dra. doctora - Dr. (f) E este (punto cardinal) - E (east) EE. UU. Estados Unidos - U.S. (United States) esq. esquina - corner etc. etcétera - etc. (an so on) FF. AA. fuerzas armadas - armed forces f.c., F.C. ferrocarril - R.R. (railroad) Gob. gobierno - Gov. (government) Gral. general - Gen. (general) h. hora - hour Ing. ingeniero - engineer kg kilogramos - kg (kilograms) km kilómetros - km (kilometers) km/h kilómetros por hora - kilometers per

hour l litro - liter Lic. licenciado - attorney m metros - m (meters) mm mílimetros - mm (millimeters) m.n. moneda nacional - national currancy (sometimes used to distinguish the national currency from others) N norte - N (north) no., núm. número - no (number) O oeste - W (west) OEA Organización de Estados Americanos - OAS (Organization of American States) ONU Organización de Naciones Unidas - UN (United Nations) OTAN Organización del Tratado del Norte NATO (North American Treaty Organization) pág. página - page P.D. postdata - P.S. p.ej. por ejemplo - e.g. (for example) p.m. post meridien - p.m. (after noon) Prof profesor, profesora - Professor (m) Profa profesora - Professor (f) pta. peseta - peseta (monetary unit of Spain) q.e.p.d. que en paz descanse - R.I.P. (rest in peace) S sur - S (south) S.A. Sociedad Anónima - Inc.(incorporation) S.L. Sociedad Limitada - Ltd. (limited partnership) Sr. señor - Mr. (Mister) Sra. señora - Mrs.(Mistress) Srta. señorita - Miss s.s.s. su seguro servidor - literally: your faithful servant (used as salutation in letters) Kind regards tel. teléfono telephone Ud.,Vd. usted - you (singular) Uds.,Vds. ustedes - you (plural) v. véase - go see vol. volumen - vol (volume) W.C. water closet - toilet, bathroom

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A a (prep) - to abajo (adv) - down abeja (nf) - bee abierto (adj) - open abrelatas (nm) - can opener abrigo (nm) - coat abril (nm) - April abuela (nf) - grandmother abuelo (nm) - grandfather acebo (nm) - holly aceite (nm) - oil aceituna (nf) - olive acera (nf) - sidewalk acuario (nm) - aquarium adición (nf) - addition adiós (int) - goodbye adulto (nm, adj) - adult, grown-up aeronave (nf) - airship aeronave cohete (nm) - rocket África (nf) - Africa agárico (n) - toadstool agosto (nm) - August agradecer (v) - thank agua (nm) - water aguacate (nm) - avocado águila (nm) - eagle aguja (nf) - needle al aire libre - outdoors ala (nm) - wing alacrán (nm) - scorpion alcachofa (nf) - artichoke alcancia (nf) - piggy bank alce (nm) - elk aldea (nf) - village aleta (nf) - fin alerón (nm) - aileron alfabeto (nm) - alphabet alfombra (nf) - carpet, rug alga marina (nf) - kelp algas (nf pl) - seaweed algodón (nm) de azúcar - cotton candy alicates (nm pl) - pliers almacén (nm) - store almohada (nf) - pillow almuerzo (nm) - lunch alrededor de (adv) - around alta/alto (adj) - tall amanecer (nm) - sunrise amarillo (adj) - yellow ámbar (nm) - amber ambulancia (nf) - ambulance América (nm) del Norte - North America América (nm) del Sur - South America

amigo (nm) - friend amigo (nm) por correspondencia - pen pal amigos (nm pl) - friends amor (nm) - love anaranjado (adj) - orange anatomía (nf) - anatomy ancho (adj) - wide ancla (nm) - anchor andar (v) - walk ángel (nm) - angel angosto (adj) - narrow anguila (nf) - eel ángulo (nm) - angle anillo (nm) - ring animal (nm) - animal animal (nm) doméstico - pet animales (nm pl) - animals año (nm) - year anochecer (nm) - evening Antártico (nm) - Antarctica antifaz (nm) - mask antílope (nm) - antelope apio (nm) - celery aplaudir (v) - clap aprender (v) - learn araña (nf) - spider árbol (nm) - tree arce (nm) - maple archipiélago (nm) - archipelago arcilla (nf) - clay arco (nm) - arch arco (nm) - bow arco (nm) iris - rainbow arder (v) - burn ardilla (nf) - squirrel ardilla ( nf) listada - chipmunk arena (nf) - sand arena (nf) movediza - quicksand arete (nm) - earring aritmética (nf) - arithmetic arquero (nm) - archer armario (nm) - cupboard arpa (nm) - harp arrendajo (n) - jay arriba (adv) - up arriba de (prep) - above arrodillarse (v) - kneel arte (nm) - art artista (nm, f) - artist ascensor (nm) - elevator Asia (nf) - Asia aspiradora (nf) - vacuum cleaner asta (nf) - spear, horn, antler asteroide (nm) - asteroid astronauta (nm, f) - astronaut astronomía (nf) - astronomy

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asustado (adj) - frightened, scared atardecer (nm) - sunset ataúd (nm) - coffin atleta (nm, f) - athlete átomo (nm) - atom aurora (nf) - aurora Australia (nm) - Australia autobús (nm) - bus automóvil (nm) - automobile avenida (nf) - avenue aventar (v) - throw avestruz (nm) - ostrich avión (nm) - aeroplane, plane avión (nm) de reacción - jet avispa (nf) - wasp Ayúdeme, por favor. - Please help me. azada (nf), azadón (nm) - hoe azucena (nf) - lily azul (adj) - blue azulejo (nm) - tile, bluebird

B backgammon (nm) - backgammon bahía (nf) - bay bañera (nf) - bathtub bailar (v) - dance bailarina (nf), bailarín (nm) - ballerina, dancer baja/bajo (adj) - short bajar (v) - lower, download balanza (nf) - scale balancín (n) - seesaw balde (nm) - bucket, pail ballena (nf) - whale banco (nm) - bench bandera (nf) - flag banjo (nm) - banjo baraja (nf) - cards barbilla (nf) - chin barca (nf) - (small) boat barco (nm) - ship barco (nm) de vela - sailboat barquillo (nm) de helado - ice cream cone barril (nm) - barrel bastón (nm) - cane basurero (nm) - rubbish bin, garbage can bate (nm) - baseball bat batidor (nm) de mano - whisk baúl (nm) - trunk bebé (nm) - baby

beber (v) - drink bella (adj f), bello (adj m) - beautiful bellota (nf) - acorn berenjena (nf) - eggplant biblioteca (nf) - library bicho (nm) - insect, bug, small creature bicicleta (nf) - bicycle billete (nm) - bill billón (nm) - billion (Brit.), trillion (Amer.) birrete (nm) - mortar board bistec (nm) - steak bizcocho (nm) - cake blanco (adj) - white blanco (nm) - target blusa (nf) - blouse bobo (nm) - mutt boca (nf) - mouth boca (nf) de aqua, boca (nf) de incendio - fire hydrant bocadillo (nm) - sandwich bolígrafo (nm) - pen bollo (nm) - roll, bun bolsa (nf) - bag bolsillo (nm) - pocket bolso (nm) - purse bomba (nf) de incendios - fire engine bombero (nm), bombera (nf) - fire fighter bombilla (nf) - bulb, lightbulb bosque (nm) - forest bosque (nm) tropical - rain forest bota (nf) - boot bote (nm) - boat botella (nf) - bottle botón (nm) - button botija (nf), botijo (nm) - jug brazo (nm) - arm brea (nf) - tar bróculi (nm) - broccoli brocha (nf) - paintbrush broma (nf) - joke bruja (nf) - witch brújula (nf) - compass buenos dias - good morning buenas noches - good night, good evening buenas tardes - good afternoon búfalo (nm) - buffalo bufanda (nf) - scarf búho (nm) - owl buitre (nm) - vulture burbuja (nf) - bubble burro (nm) - donkey buzón (nm) - mailbox

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C caballete (nm) - easel caballito (nm) - pony caballito (nm) de mar - seahorse caballo (nm) - horse cabeza (nf) - head cabra (nf) - goat cachorro (nm) - puppy cacto (nm) - cactus cada (adj invar.) - each, every cadera (nf) - hip café (nm) - coffee caimán (nm) - alligator caja (nf) - box caja (nf) de las herramientas - toolbox caja (nf) de sorpresa - jack-in-the-box calabacin (nm) -zucchini calabaza (nf) - pumpkin calamar (nm) - squid calcetin (nm) - sock calendario (nm) - calendar calidoscopio (nm) - kaleidoscope caliente (adj) - hot callado/callada (adj) - quiet calle (nf) - street callejón (nm), calleja (nf) - alley cama (nf) - bed cámara fotográfica (nf) - camera camaron (nm) - shrimp camello (nm) - camel caminar - walk camino (nm) - road camión (nm) - truck camión (nm) cisterna - tanker camión (nm) de basura - garbage truck camión (nm) de volteo - dump truck camisa (nf) - shirt camisa (nf) de dormir/ camisón (nm) - nightgown, nightshirt campamento (nm) - camp campana (nf) - bell caña (nf) de pescar - fishing rod canario (nm) - canary canasta (nf) - basket canasta (nf) para ropa - laundry basket candado (nm) - padlock cangrejo (nm) - crab canguro (nm) - kangaroo canoa (nf) - canoe cantar (v) - sing cantimplora (nf) - water bottle capullo (nm) - cocoon

capullo (nm) - bud cara (nf) - face caracol (nm) - snail carámbano (nm) - icicle caramelo (nm) - candy, sweet caravana (nf) - (veh.) camper carne (nf) - meat carreta (nf) - cart carrete (nm) - spool carretilla (nf) - wheelbarrow carretón (nm) - wagon carro (nm) - car carta (nf) - letter cartera (nf) - briefcase, wallet casa (nf) - house Casa (nf) Blanca - White House cascada (nf) - waterfall casco (nm) - hoof, helmet, hull caserío (nm) - village, hamlet casita (nf) de muñecas - dollhouse castillo (nm) - castle castor (nm) - beaver catorce (adj, nm) - fourteen cebolla (nf) - onion cebra (nf) - zebra ceja (nf) - eyebrow célula (nf) - cell centavo (nm) - cent, penny cepillo (nm) - brush cepillo (nm) del pelo, cepillo (nm) de cabeza - hairbrush cepillo (nm) de dientes - toothbrush cerca (nf) - fence cerdo (nm) - pig, hog cerebro (nm) - brain cereza (nf) - cherry cero (nm) - zero cerrado (adj) - closed cerradura (nf) - lock césped (nm) - lawn, grass cesta (nf) - basket cheque (nm) - check ciclón (nm)- cyclone cielo (nm) - sky cien (adj) - hundred ciencia (nf) - science cierre (nm) - zipper cigarra (nf) - cicada cilindro (nm) - cylinder cinco (adj) - five cinco centavos - five cents, nickel cincuenta (adj) - fifty cinta (nf) - ribbon cinta (nf) adhesiva - adhesive tape cinta (nf) métrica - tape measure cintura (nf) - waist

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circo (nm) - circus círculo (nm) - circle ciruela (nf) - plum cisne (nm) - swan cítara (nf) - zither clarinete (nm) - clarinet clavel (nm) - carnation clavo (nm) - nail coche (nm) de bomberos - fire engine cocina (nf) - kitchen cocodrilo (nm) - crocodile codo (nm) - elbow codorniz (nm) - quail cola (nf) - tail colibrí (nm) - hummingbird coliflor (nf) - cauliflower colina (nf) - hill collar (nm) - necklace colmena (nf) - hive color (nm) - colour comadreja (nf) - weasel comer (v) - eat cometa (nf) - kite cometa (nm) - comet comida (nf) - meal, food ¿Cómo? - How? ¿Cómo estás? - How are you? ¿Cómo se dice...? - How do you say...? ¿Cómo te llamas? - What is your name? comprender (v) - understand computadora (nf) - computer concha (nf) - shell conejito (nm) - bunny conejo (nm) - rabbit congelador (nm) - freezer cono (nm) - cone constelación (nf) - constellation contenta/contento (adj) - happy contonear (v) - wiggle contrabajo (nm) - double bass contrafagote (nm) - bassoon contrariar (v) - oppose contrario (adj, nm) - opposite, contrary control (nm) remoto - remote control copo (nm) de nieve - snowflake coral (nm) - coral corazón (nm) - heart corbata (nf) - necktie, tie cordel (nm) - string cordero (nm) - lamb corno (nm) de caza - French horn corno (nm) inglés - English horn corona (nf) - crown correcamino (nm) - roadrunner correo (nm) -mail correr (v) - run

cortadora (nf) de césped - lawn mower cortina (nf) - curtain, drape cosecha (nf) - crop coser (v) - sew cosquillas (nf pl) - ticklishness, hacer cosquillas - tickle coyote (nm) - coyote cráneo (nm) - skull crema (nf) - cream crema (nf) dental - toothpaste creencia (nf) - belief creencier (v) - believe, (pensar) think creyón (nm) - crayon crisálida (nf) - pupa cristal (nm) - crystal cruce (nm) para peatones, cruce (nm) peatonal - crosswalk cuaderno (nm) - notebook cuadrado (nm) - square cuadro (nm) - picture cuál (pron) - which cuándo (adv, conj) - when ¿Cuándo es? - What time is it? cuánto (adv, pron) - how much, how many ¿Cuánto? - How much? ¿Cuánto es? - How much is it? cuarenta (adj) - forty cuarto (nm) - room cuarto (nm) de baño - bathroom cuarzo (nm) - quartz cuatrillizo (nm) - quadruplet cuatro (adj,nm) - four cubeta (nf) - bucket, pail cubo (nm) - block, cube cubo (nm) de basura - rubbish bin, trash can cucaracha (nf) - cockroach cucharita (nf) - spoon cucharón (nf) - ladle cuchillo (nm) - knife cuello (nm) - neck cuento (nm) - story, tale cuerda (nf) - cord, rope, string; instrumentos de cuerda - string instruments cuerda (nf) para brincar - jump rope cuerno (nm) - horn cuerpo (nm) - body cuervo (nm) - crow cueva (nf) - cave culebra (nf) - snake cumpleaños (nm) - birthday cuña (nf) - wedge

CH

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chaleco (nm) - vest champiñón (nm) - mushroom champú (nm) - shampoo chancla (nf) - flip-flop, thong chaqueta (nf) - jacket charca (nf) - pond chica (nf) - girl chico (nm) - boy chimenea (nf) - chimney chimpancé (nm) - chimpanzee chinche (nm) - thumbtack chocolate (nm) - chocolate chorizo (nm) - sausage, salami choza (nf) - hut chupete (nm) - dummy (Brit.), pacifier (Amer.)

D dado (nm) - dice dama (nf) - lady; damas (nf pl) - draught (Brit.), checkers (Amer.) dar (v) - give dardo (nm) - dart de (prep) -of, from; ¿De dónde eres? - Where are you from? debajo (adv) - underneath, debajo de - under dedo (nm) - finger dedo (nm) del pie - toe delantal (nm) - apron delante (adv) - in front, delante de - in front of delfín (nm) - dolphin delgado (adj) - thin delta (nf) - delta De nada. - You're welcome. dentro (adv) - inside deporte (nm) - sport derecha (adv) - right, a la derecha - on the right desayuno (nm) - breakfast deseo (nm) - wish, desire desierto (nm) - desert desnudo (adj) - naked destornillador (nm) - screwdriver detrás de (adv) - behind día (nm) - day diamante (nm) - diamond diana (nf) - dartboard, bull's eye dibujar (v) - draw

dibujo (nm) - drawing diciembre (nm) - December diecinueve (adj, nm) - nineteen dieciocho (adj, nm) - eighteen dieciséis (adj, nm) - sixteen diecisiete (adj, nm) - seventeen diente (nm) - tooth dieta (nf) - diet diez (adj, nm) - ten dinero (nm) - money dinosaurio (nm) - dinosaur dirección (nf) - address dirigible (nm) - dirigible, blimp dividir (v) - divide división (nf) - division doble (adj, nm) - double doce (adj, nm) - twelve docena (nf) - dozen doctor (nm) - doctor dólar (nm) - dollar domingo (nm) - Sunday dominó (nm) - dominoes (game) dónde (adv) - where ¿Donde esta el baño? - Where is the bathroom? dormido (adj) - asleep dormir (v) - sleep dormitar (v) - doze dormitorio (nm) - bedroom dos (adj, nm) - two dragón (nm) - dragon durazno (nm) - peach

E echar (v) - throw edificio (nm) - building ecuador (nm) - equator edredón (nm) - quilt ejercer (v) - exercise, practise ejercicio (nm) - exercise, hacer ejercicio - exercise electricidad (nf) - electricity elefante (nm) - elephant elipse (nf) - ellipse embudo (nm) - funnel emparedado (nm) - sandwich empujar (v) - push, press empujatierra (n) - bulldozer en (prep) - in encaje (nm) - lace encantado (adj) - enchanted, bewitched

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Encantado de conocerle. - Pleased to meet you. encima de (adv) - on top of energía (nf) - energy enero (nm) - January enferma/enfermo (adj) - sick enfermero (nm), enfermera (nf) - nurse engrapadora (nf) - stapler enigma (nm) - enigma, riddle enojado (adj) - angry, mad ensalada (nf) - salad enseñar (v) - teach entender (v) - understand ¿Entiende el inglés? - Do you understand English? entrada (nf) - entrance entre (prep) - between equipo (nm) - team erizo (nm) - hedgehog escabel (nm) - footstool, stool escalera (nf) - ladder escarabajo (nm) - beetle escayola (nf) - cast escoba (nf) - broom escribir (v) - write escritorio (nm) - desk escuela (nf) - school esfera (nf) - sphere esmeralda (nf) - emerald espada (nf) - sword espátula (nf) - spatula espejo (nm) - mirror espina (nf) dorsal - spine espiral (nm) - spiral esponja (nf) - sponge esposa (nf) - wife esqueleto (nm) - skeleton establo (nm) - stable, barn estación (nf) - station, season (of the year) estación (nf) de servicio - service station estado (nm) - state Estados Unidos (nm pl) - United States estante (nm) - shelf estantería (nf) para libros - bookcase estar (v) - be, stay este (adj, nm) - east Estoy.... - I am.. Estoy alegre. - I am happy. Estoy bien. - I am fine. Estoy enfermo. - I am sick. Estoy perdido. - I am lost. Estoy triste. - I am sad. estrecho (adj) - narrow estrecho (nm) - strait estrella (nf) - star etiqueta (nf) - tag, label

Europa (nf) - Europe examen (nm) - exam, quiz

F fábrica (nf) - factory falda (nf) - skirt familia (nf) - family fantasma (nm) - ghost faro (nm) - lighthouse febrero (nm) - February feliz (adj) - happy, lucky Feliz Año Nuevo! - Happy New Year! feliz cumpleaños - happy birthday fémur (nm) - femur feo (adj) - ugly fideos (nm pl) - noodles fiesta (nf) - party finca (nf) - farm flamenco (nm) - flamingo flautin (nm) - piccolo flauta (nf) - flute flecha (nf) - arrow flor (nf) - flower foca (nf) - seal fogata (nf) - campfire follaje (nm) - foliage forma (nf) - shape formón (nm) - chisel fósil (nm) - fossil frambuesa (nf) - raspberry franela (nf) - flannel, fregadero (nm) - sink frente (nf) - forehead fresa (nf) - strawberry frío (adj) - cold fruta (nf) - fruit fuego (nm) -fire fuego (nm) fatuo - jack-o'-lantern fuegos (nm pl) artificiales - fireworks fuerte (adj) - loud fuselaje (nm) - fuselage fútbol (nm) - football, soccer

G gabán (nm) - overcoat gacela (nf) - gazelle gafa (nf) - hook

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gafas (nf pl) glasses, gafas (nf pl) de sol - sunglasses galaxia (nf) - galaxy galería (nf) - gallery galería (nf) de arte - art gallery galleta (nf) - cookie gallina (nf) - hen gallo (nm) - rooster gancho (nm) - hook ganso (nm) - goose garra (nf) - claw gatito (nm) - kitten gato (nm) - cat gaviota (nf) - sea gull gema (nf) - gem gemelo (nm) - twin, gemelos (nm pl) - binoculars, Gemelos (nm pl) - Gemini geografia (nf) - geography girasol (nm) - sunflower globo (nm) - globe, balloon golf (nm) - golf, bola (nf) de golf - golfball, palos (nm pl) de golf - golfclubs golfo (nm) - gulf golondrina (nf) - swallow golpar (v) - beat, hit, punch, knock golpe (nm) - blow, punch, stroke goma (nf) - rubber goma (nf) de borrar - eraser gong (nm) - gong gordo/gorda (adj) - fat gorila (nm) - gorilla gorro (nm) - cap gotera (nf) - leak gotero (nm) - eyedropper, dropper gracia (nf) - grace, favour gracias (nf pl) - thank you grande (adj) - big, large granja (nf) - farm grifo (nm) - faucet gris (adj) - gray gritar (v) - scream, yell grúa (nf) - tow truck grulla (nf) - crane guacamayo (nf) - macaw guante (nm) - glove guante (nm) de cocina - oven mitt guisante (nm) - pea guitarra (nf) - guitar guitarra (nf) eléctrica - electric guitar gusano (nm) - worm

H

habla (nf) - speech, language; al habla (on the phone) - speaking hablar (v) - speak, talk ¿Hablas inglés? - Do you speak English? hacha (nm) - ax hacinar (v) - stack hada (nf) - fairy, cuento (nm) de hadas - fairy tale halo (nm) - halo halterofilia (nf) - weightlifting hamaca (nf) - hammock hambriento (adj) - hungry hamburguesa (nf) - hamburger harina (nf) - flour hasta (prep) - till, until Hasta luego. - See you later. helecho (nm) - fern helado (nm) - ice cream helicóptero (nm) - helicopter hemisferio (nm) - hemisphere hemisferio (nm) norte - Northern hemisphere hemisferio (nm) sur - Southern Hemisphere hermana (nf) - sister hermanos (nm) - brother herradura (nf) - horseshoe herramienta (nf) - tool hexágono (nm) - hexagon hiedra (nf) - ivy hielo (nm) - ice hiena (nf) - hyena hierba (nf) - grass hija (nf) - daughter hijo (nm) - son hilo (nm) - yarn, thread hipopótamo (nm) - hippopotamus historia (nf) - story hogar (nm) - home hoguera (nf) - bonfire hoja (nf) - leaf hola (int) - hello hombre (nm) - man hombro (nm) - shoulder hongo (nm) - mushroom hora (nf) - hour hormiga (nf) - ant horno (nm) - oven, stove horno (nm) microondas - microwave oven hoy (adv) - today hoyo (nm) - hole huella (nf) -footprint, (de animal, vehiculo) track, huella (nf) del pie - footprint huella (nf) digital - fingerprint hueso (nm) - bone

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hueso (nm) de la suerte - wishbone huevo (nm) - egg huevo (nm) frito - fried egg huracán (nm) - hurricane

I idea (nf) - idea iglesia (nf) - church iglú (nf) - igloo igual (adj) - equal ilusión (nf) - illusion imán (nm) - magnet imperdible (nm) - safety pin impermeable (nm) - raincoat infeliz (adj) - unhappy inodoro (nm) - toilet insecto (nm) - insect instrumento (nm) - instrument, tool instrumentos (nm pl) de cuerda - string instruments intersección (nf) - intersection invernadero (nm) - greenhouse invierno (nm) - winter iris (nm) - (anat.) iris, (arco iris) rainbow isla (nf) - island istmo (nm) - isthmus izquierda (nf) - left, a la izquierda - on the left, to the left izquierdo (adj) - left

J jabón (nm) - soap jaguar (nm) - jaguar jalea (nf) - jelly jamón (nm) - ham Japón (nm) - Japan jardín (nm) - garden jarra (nf) - jug, pitcher jarrón (nm) - vase, urn jaula (nf) - cage jirafa (nf) - giraffe jitomate (nm) - (Mex.) tomato joven (adj) - young joya (nf) - jewel joyas (nf pl) - jewelry

joyero (nm) - jeweller, (estuche) jewellery box juanete (nm) - bunion jubilado (adj) - retired jubilarse (v) - retire jubileo (nm) - jubilee judo (nm) - judo juego (nm) - game, hacer juegos malabares - juggle jueves (nm) - Thursday juez (nm) - judge jugador (nm) - player, gambler jugar (v) - to play, gamble, bet juglar (nm) - minstrel jugo (nm) - juice jugo (nm) de naranja - orange juice jugoso (adj) - juicy, (fig.) substantial juguete (nm) - toy juguetear (v) - to play juicio (nm) - judgement, opinion julio (nm) - July jungla (nf) - jungle junio (nm) - June junta (nf) - meeting, board, comittee, (pol.) junta juntar (v) - join, collect junto (adj) - joined, junto a - next to Júpiter (nm) - Jupiter justicia (nf) - justice

K kapoc (nm) - kapok karate (nm) - karate kazoo (nm) - kazoo kilo (nm) - kilo kilogramo (nm) - kilogram kilometraje (nm) - distance in kms, mileage kilómetro (nm) - kilometre kilovatio (nm) - kilowatt kiosco (nm) - kiosk koala (nm) - koala

L laberinto (nm) - maze labio (nm) - lip

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lagartija (nf) -(small) lizard lagarto (nm) - lizard lago (nm) -lake laguna (nf) - pond, small lake lámpara (nf) - lamp lana (nf) - yarn langosta (nf) - lobster lápiz (nm) - pencil lata (nf) - can lava (nf) -lava lavabo (nm) - sink, washbasin lavado (nm) - washing, lavado de cerebro - brainwashing lavar (v) - to wash lazo (nm) -bow, lasso leche (nf) - milk lechuza (nf) - owl limón (nm) - lemon lechuga (nf) - lettuce leer (v) - read leña (nf) - firewood lengua (nf) - tongue leño (nm) - log lenta/lento (adj) - slow lente (nf) - lens, lentes de contacto - contact lenses lentes (nf pl) - glasses león (nm) - lion letra (nf) - letter leyenda (nf) - legend leyendas (nf pl) folclóricas - folk tales lezna (nf) - awl libélula (nf) - dragonfly libro (nm) - book libro (nm) de visitas - guest book lima (nf) - lime, file limonada (nf) - lemonade limpio (adj) - clean linda, lindo (adj) - cute linterna (nf) - flashlight lirio (nm) - iris (flower) lirio (nm) de los valles - lily of the valley liso (adj) - smooth, flat lista (nf) - list llanta (nf) - tire lobo (nm) - wolf locomotora (nm) - engine lombriz (nf) - worm lombriz (nf) de tierra - earthworm loro (nm) - parrot luces (nf pl) - intelligence luminoso (adj) - bright luna (nf) - moon lunes (nm) - Monday lupa (nf) - magnifying glass luz (nf) - light, (electricidad) electricity

LL llama (nf) - flame, (animal) llama llave (nf) - key, spanner, switch llave (nf) de boca - wrench llenar (v) - fill (up) lleno/llena (adj) - full llevadero (adj) - tolerable llevar (v) - carry, bring, lead llorar (v) - cry lloroso (adj) - tearful llover (v) rain llovizna (nf) - drizzle lluvia (nf) - rain, (fig) shower lluvioso (adj) - rainy

M macarrón (nm) - macaroon macarrónes (nm pl) - macaroni madera (nf) - wood, (natureza) nature madero (nm) - log, timber madre (nf) - mother maestro (nm), maestra (nf) - teacher magia (nf) - magic maíz (nm) - maize, corn maleta (nf) - (suit)case, (auto) boot, trunk (Amer.) maletera (nf) - boot, trunk (Amer.) maletín (nm) - briefcase mamá (nf) -mummy, mom mamar (v) - suck mamífero (nm) - mammal mampara (nf) - screen mamut (nm) - mammoth manada (nf) - herd, pack manecilla (nf) - needle, (de reloj) hand manecilla (nf) de la hora - hour hand manejable (adj) - manageable manejar (v) - handle, manage manguera (nf) - hose(pipe) manillar (nm) - handlebar(s) mano (nf) - hand mantequilla (nf) - butter manual (adj, nm) - manual manualidades (nf pl) - crafts manzana (nf) - apple

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mañana (nf) - morning mapa (nm) - map mapache (nm) - raccoon mar (nf, nm) sea maraca (nf) - maraca margarita (nf) - daisy marido (nm) - husband marina (nf) - coast, seascape mariposa (nf) - butterfly mariposa (nf) nocturna - moth mariquita (nf) - ladybug mármol (nm) - marble marmota (nf) - hamster marrón (adj) - brown marsupial (nm) - marsupial Marte (nm) - Mars martes (nm) - Tuesday martillo (nm) - hammer marzo (nm) - March más (adv, adj) - more masa (nf) - dough matemáticas (nf pl) - mathematics, maths mayo (nm) - May medalla (nf) - medal medianoche (nf) - midnight mediodía (nm) - noon medusa (nf) -jellyfish Me gusta. - I like it. Me gustaria... - I would like... mejilla (nf) - cheek Me llamo... - My name is... melón (nm) - melon melocotón (nm) - peach menear (v) - wiggle menos (adv, adj) - less ¿Me puede ayudar? - Can you help me? ¿Me ayuda por favor? - Can you help me? mercado (nm) - market Mercurio (nm) - Mercury mermelada (nf) - jam mes (nm) - month mesa (nf) - table meteoro (nm) - meteor microscopio (nm) - microscope miedo (nm) - fear, tener miedo - to be afraid miel (nf) - honey miércoles (nm) - Wednesday mil (adj, nm) - thousand millón (adj, nm) - million mil millones (adj, nm) - billion mineral (nm) - mineral miniván (nf) - minivan minuto (nm) - minute minutero (nm) - minute hand mirlo (nm) - blackbird mitad (nf) - half

mitón (nm) - mitten mochila (nf) - backpack molino (nm) de viento - windmill momia (nf) - mummy moneda (nf) - coin moneda de 25 centavos - quarter monedero (nm) - purse mono (nm) - ape, monkey monstruo (nm) - monster montaña (nf) - mountain morado (adj) - purple morsa (nf) - walrus mosca (nf) - fly mosquito (nm) - mosquito motocicleta (nf) - motorcycle motor (nm) - motor muchacha (nf) - girl muchacho (nm) - boy Mucho gusto. - Nice to meet you. mucho (adv, adj) - much, many, a lot mueble (adj) - movable mueble (nm) - piece of furniture, muebles (nm pl) - furniture mugre (nm) - dirt mujer (nf) - woman multiplicación (nf) - multiplication multiplicar (v) - multiply mundo (nm) - world muñeca (nf) - doll murciélago (nm) - bat museo (nm) - museum música (nf) - music músico (nm) - musician

N naipes (nm pl) - cards naranja (nf) -orange narciso (nm) -daffodil nariz (nf) - nose Necesito un médico. - I need a doctor. negro (adj) - black neón (nm) - neon Neptuno (nm) - Neptune nevera (nf) - refrigerator nido (nm) - nest nieve (nf) - snow niña (nf) - girl, (female) child niño (nm) - boy, (male) child niño pequeño (nm) - toddler niños (n pl) - children, kids nivel (nm) - level

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no (int) - no noche (nf) - night noche (nf) pasada - last night No comprendo. - I don't understand. No entiendo. - I don't understand No hablo español. - I don't speak Spanish. No lo sé. - I don't know. nombre (nm) - name No me gusta. - I don't like it. nomeolvides (n pl) - forget-me-nots nopal (nm) - cactus nordeste (n, adv) - northeast noroeste (n, adv) - northwest norte (n, adv) - north nostros (pron) - we nota (nf) - note noventa (n, adj) - ninety noviembre (nm) - November nube (nf) - cloud nudo (nm) - knot nueve (n, adj) - nine nuez (nf) - nut número (nm) - number nutria (nf) - otter

Ñ ñame (nm) - yam ñandú (nm) - nandu

O oboe (nm) - oboe océano (nm) - ocean Océano Antártico (nm) - Southern Ocean Océano Artico (nm) - Arctic Ocean Océano Atlántico (nm) - Atlantic Ocean Océano Indico (nm) - Indian Ocean Océano Pacifico (nm) - Pacific Ocean ochenta (n, adj) - eighty ocho (n, adj) - eight octágono (nm) - octagon octubre (nm) - October ocupación (nf) - job, occupation oeste (n, adv) - west oír (v) - hear ojo (nm) - eye okay (int) - ok ola (nf) - wave

oler (v) - smell olla (nf) - pot Olímpico (n pl) - Olympics once (n adj) - eleven oreja (nf) - ear orejeras (nf pl) - earmuffs oso (nm) - bear orangután (nm) - orangutan orbe (nm) - orb órbita (nf) - orbit orquídea (nf) - orchid oruga (nf) - caterpillar oso de peluche (nm) - teddy bear otoño (nm) - autumn óvalo (nm) - oval oveja (nf) - sheep

P padre (nm) - father pájaro (nm) - bird pájaro carpintero (nm) - woodpecker pala (nf) - shovel palabras (nf) - word palacio (nm) - palace palanca (n) - lever paleta (nf) - palette paleta (nf) - lollipop palma (nf) - palm tree paloma (nf) - dove paloma (nf) - pigeon pan (nm) - bread panadero (nm), panadera (nf) - baker pan de jengibre (nm) - gingerbread panal de miel (nm) - honeycomb pandero (nm) - tambourine panecillo (nm) - bun, roll panquecito (nm) - muffin, cupcake pantalones (nm pl) - pants pantalones de trabajo (nm pl) - overalls pantalones vaqueros (nm pl) - jeans papá (nm) - dad papa (nf) - potato papagayo (nm) - parrot papel (nm) - paper papel de lija (nm) - sandpaper papelera (nf) - wastebasket paquete (nm) - package paraguas (nm) - umbrella paralelo (adj) - parallel parar (v) - stop

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parecido/parecida (adj) - alike pared (nf) - wall parientes (n) - kin párpado (nm) - eyelid parque zoológico (nm) - zoo pasta dentífrica (nf) - toothpaste pastel (nm) - cake, pie patin de cuchilla, patin de hielo (nm) - ice skate patinos de ruedas (nm pl) - roller skates patio (nm) - yard patito (nm) - duckling pato (nm) - duck pavo real (nm) - peacock payaso (nm) - clown pecera (nf) - fish bowl peine (nm) - comb peligro (nm) - danger pelo (nm) - hair pelota (nf) - ball pelota de béisbol (nf) - baseball peluca (nf) - wig península (nf) - peninsula pensar (v) - think pentágono (nm) - pentagon pepino (nm) - cucumber pequeñita/pequeñito (adj) - little percusíon (nf) - percussion instruments pescado (nm) - fish pescar (v) - to fish pequeña/pequeño (adj) - small pera (nf) - pear percha (nf) - hanger periódico (nm) - newspaper perrera (nf) - doghouse perro (nm) - dog perro caliente (nm) - hot dog persona (nf) - person pestaña (nf) - eyelash petirrojo (nm) - robin pez (nm) - fish piano (nm) - piano pichón (nm) - pigeon pico (nm) - beak piedra (nf) - rock, stone piedrecita (nf) - pebble pierna (nf) - leg pies (nm pl) - feet pijamas (nm pl) - pajamas pila de heno (nf) - haystack pimienta (nm) - pepper pincel (nm) - paintbrush pingüino (nm) - penguin pintar (v) - to paint pirámide (nf) - pyramid pirata (nf) - pirate

pitcher (nm) - pitcher pizza (nf) - pizza placa (nf) - license plate plancha (nf) - iron planeta (nm) - planet planetario (nm) - planetarium planta (nf) - plant plátano (nm) - plantain, banana platillos (nm pl) - cymbals plato (nm) - plate, dish playa (nf) - beach pluma (nf) - pen, feather Plutón (nm) - Pluto ¿Podria repetir, por favor? - Please repeat that. policía (nf) - police officer polígono (nm) - polygons polilla (nf) - moth pollito (nm) - chick pollo (nm) - chicken Polo Norte (nm) - North Pole Polo Sur (nm) - South Pole por favor - please por qué - why postre (nm) - dessert prado (nm) - meadow presidente (nm) - president primavera (nf) - spring primero/primera (adj) - first princesa (nf) - princess príncipe (nm) - prince probar (v) - taste prueba (nf) - test pueblo (nm) - town puente (nm) - bridge puerta (nf) - gate, door pulgar (nm) - thumb pulpo (nm) - octopus pulsera (nf) - bracelet . punto (nm) - point punto (nm) - dot pupila (nf) - pupil

Q quasar (nm) - quasar qué - what ¿Qué color es este? - What colour is it? ¿Qué hora es? - What time is it? quelpo (nm) - kelp queso (nm) - cheese quetzal (nm) - quetzal quién - who

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quilla (nf) - keel quince (n, adj) - fifteen quintillizo (nm) - quintuplet quizá - maybe

R radio (nf) - radio radar (nm) - radar radiografía (nf) - x-ray rallador (nm) - grater ramo (nm) - bouquet rana (nf) - frog rápido (adj) - fast raqueta (nf) - racket rascacielos (nm) - skyscraper rascamoño (nm), zinia (nf) - zinnia rastrillar (v) - to rake rastrillo (nm) - rake rata (nf) - rat rata del trigo (nf) - hamster ratón (nm) - mouse, computer mouse ratón almizclero (nm) - muskrat raya (nf) - stingray receta de cocina (nf) - recipe recibir (v) - receive recipiente (nm) - container recipiente de basura (nf) - garbage can rectángulo (nm) - rectangle red (nf) - net refrigerador (nm) - refrigerator regadera (nf) - watering can regaliz (nm) - licorice regalo (nm) - gift, present regla (nf) - ruler rehilandera (nf) - pinwheel reina (nf) - queen reír (v) - laugh relámpago (nm) - lightning reloj (nm) - clock, watch reloj de cuclillo (nm) - cuckoo clock remo (nm) - oar, paddle renacuajo (nm) - tadpole reno (nm) - reindeer repollo (nm) - cabbage restar (v) - subtract resta (nf) - subtraction revés - upside down revista (nf) - magazine rey (nm) - king río (nm) - river rinoceronte (nm) - rhinoceros

robot (nm) - robot roca (nf) - rock rodilla (nf) - knee rodillo de cocina (nm) - rolling pin rojo (adj) - red rollo de papel (nm) - scroll rombo (nm) - diamond rompecabezas (nm) - puzzle, jigsaw puzzle romper (v) - break rondana (nf) - washer ropa (nf) - clothes ropa sucia (nf) - laundry ropa interior (nf) - underwear rosa, rosado (adj) - pink rosa (nf) - rose rosquilla (nf) - doughnut rubí (nm) - ruby rueda (nf) - wheel

S sábado (nm) - Saturday saco (nm), bolsa (nf) - sack saco de dormir (nm) - sleeping bag sal (nf) - salt sala (nf) - living room salchichón (nm) - salami salida (nf) - exit saltamontes (nm) - grasshopper saltar (v) - jump sandalia (nf) - sandal saludable (adj) - healthy sandía (nf) - watermelon sapo (nm) - toad sartén (nf) - pan, frying pan satélite (nm) - satellite Saturno (nm) - Saturn saxofón (nm) - saxophone segundo (adj) - second segundo (nm) - second segundero (nm) - second hand seis (n, adj) - six sello postal (nm), estampilla (nf), timbre postal (nm) - stamp selva (nf) - jungle semáforo (nm) - traffic light semicirculo (nm) - semicircle señal de alto (nf) - stop sign señora (nf) - lady, Mrs sentarse (v) - sit septiembre (nm) - September

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serpiente (nf) - snake serrucho (nm) - saw servilleta (nf) - napkin sesenta (n, adj) - sixty setenta (n, adj) - seventy si - yes siesta (nf) - nap, siesta siete (n, adj) - seven signo de admiración (nm) - exclamation point signo de interrogación (nm) - questions mark silbato (nm) - whistle silla (nf) - chair silla de ruedas (nf) - wheelchair sillón (nm) - armchair sirena (nf) - mermaid sobre (prep) - over sobre (nm) - envelope sofá (nm) - sofa, couch soga (nf) - rope sol (nm) - sun soldado (nm) - soldier sombrero (nm) - hat sombrilla (nf) - umbrella sonrisa (nf) - smile sopa (nf) - soup Soy de... - I am from... spray (nm) - spray can sucette (nf) - lollipop sucio (adj) - dirty sudeste (adv, n) - southeast sudoeste (adv, n) - southwest suelo (nm) - soil sumar (v) - add sur (adv, n) - south

T tablilla (nf) - license plate taladro (nm) - drill tallo (nm) - stem talón (nm) - heel talonario de cheques (nm) - checkbook tambor (nm) - drum tapa (nf) - lid tarde (adv) - late tarjeta (nf) - card tarjeta de crédito (nf) - credit card tarjeta del Día de San Valentín (nf) - valentine card

tarro (nm) - jar taxi (nm) - taxi, cab taza (nf) - cup taza grande (nf) - mug taza medidora (nf) - measuring cup tazón (nm) - bowl I love you. - Te amo. té (nm) - tea tebeo (nm) - comics techo (nm) - roof teclado (nm) - keyboard té helado (nm) - iced tea tejer (v) - knit tele (nf) - television, TV teléfono (nm) - telephone teleraña, tela de araña (nf) - cobweb, web telescopio (nm) - telescope televisión (nf) - television temeroso (adj) - scared témpano de hielo (nm) - iceberg temprano (adj, adv) - early tenedor (nm) - fork tengo - I have Tengo hambre. - I am hungry. tenis (nm) - tennis termómetro (nm) - thermometer tetera (nf) - kettle, teapot tetrabrik (nm) - carton tía (nf) - aunt tiburón (nm) - shark tiempo (nm) - time tienda de campaña (nf) - tent tiempo (nm) - weather tierra (nf) - land, earth tigre (nm) - tiger tijeras (nf pl) - scissors timbre (nm) - stamp timbal (nm) - kettledrum tina (nf) - vat tinta (nf) - ink tira cómica (nf) - cartoon tirar (v) - pull tirar (v) - throw títere (nm) - puppet toalla (nf) - towel tobillo (nm) - ankle tobogán (nm) - slide tocador (nm) - dresser tocar (v) - touch todo - all tomar (v) - drink tomate (nm) - tomato tormenta (nf) - storm tornado (nm) - tornado tornillo (nm) - screw toro (nm) - bull

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toronja (nf) - grapefruit torta de cumpleaños (nf) - birthday cake tortilla de huevos (nf) - omelet tortuga (nf) - turtle tostador (nf) - toaster trabalenguas (nm) - tongue twister toucan (nm) - toucan trabajar (v) - to work tractor (nm) - tractor traje (nm) - costume traje de baño (nm) - bathing suit, swimsuit traje espacial (nm) - spacesuit transbordador espacial (nm) - space shuttle trapeador (nm) - mop trapezoide (nm) - trapezoid trece (n, adj) - thirteen treinta (n, adj) - thirty tren (nm) - train tren de aterrizaje (nm) - landing gear tres (n, adj) - three triángulo (nm) - triangle trincas (nf pl) - triplets triste (adj) - sad tritón (nm) - newt trómbon de varas (nm) - trombone trompa (nf) - trunk trompeta (nf) - trumpet, horn tronco (nm) - trunk tronco de árbol (nm) - log trotar (v) - jog tuba (nf) - tuba tubo (nm) - tube tuerca (nf) - nut tulipán (nm) - tulip

U último/última (adj) - last uña (nf) - fingernail uña (nf) - nail unicornio (nm) - unicorn uniforme (nm) - uniform uno (n, adj) - one Urano (nm) - Uranus utensilios (n pl) - utensils uva (nf) - grape

V

vaca (nf) - cow vacío/vacía (adj) - empty valle (nm) - valley vaso (nm) - glass vecindad (nf) - neighborhood vehículo (nm) - vehicle veinte (n, adj) - twenty vela (nf) - candle vela (nf) - sail venado (nm) - deer ventana (nf) - window ventilador (nm) - fan Venus (nm) - Venus ver (v) - see verano (nm) - summer verde (adj) - green verdura (nf) - vegetables vértebra (nf) - vertebra vestido (nm) - dress video (nm) - videotape viento-madera (nm) - woodwind viento-metal (nm) - brass instruments viernes (nm) - Friday viola (nf) - viola violeta (adj) - violet violín (nm) - violin violoncelo (nm) - cello vocal (nf) - vowel volar (v) - fly volcán (nm) - volcano vórtice (nm) - vortex

W wedge (nm) - wedge wok (nm) - wok

X xilófono (nm) - xylophone

Y

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y (conj) - and yac (nm) - yak yarda (nf) - yardstick yate (nm) - yacht yogur (nm) - yogurt yema de huevo (nf) - yolk yo (pron) - I yo-yó (nm) - yo-yo yunta (nf) - yoke

Z zanahoria (nf) - carrot zancudo (nm) - mosquito zapatilla (nf) - slipper zapato (nm) - shoe zarpa (nf) - claw zarzamora (nf) - blackberry zepelín (nm) - zeppelin zigzag (nm) - zigzag zona (nf) - zone zoológico (nm) - zoo zoólogo (nm) - zoologist zorro (nm) - fox

English - Spanish Dictionary A above (adv, prep) - arriba de acorn (n) - la bellota actor (n) - el actor actress (n) - la actriz add (v) - sumar, añadir addition (n) - la adición address (n) - las señas (pl), la dirección adults (n) - los adultos (pl) advertisement, ad (n) - el anuncio aeroplane (n) - el avión

afraid (adj) ~to be afraid - tener miedo Africa (n) - África afternoon (n) - la tarde against (prep) - contra age (n) - la edad agency (n) - la agencia aileron (n) - el alerón airport (n) - el aeropuerto airmail (n) - por avión aisle (n) - el pasillo alarm clock (n) - el despertador alike (adj) - parecido, parecida all (adj, pron) - todo alley (n) - el callejón, la calleja alligator (n) - el caimán alone (adj) - solo, sola alphabet (n) - el alfabeto amber (n) - el ámbar ambulance (n) - la ambulancia among (prep) - entre anatomy (n) - la anatomía anchor (n) - el ancla and (conj) - y angel (n) - el ángel angle (n) - el ángulo angry (n) - enojado animal (n) - el animal animals (n) - los animales (pl) ankle (n) - el tobillo ant (n) - la hormiga Antarctica (n) - Antártico antelope (n) - el antílope antler (n) - el asta ape (n) - el mono apple (n) - la manzana apricot (n) - el albaricoque April (n) - abril apron (n) - el delantal aquarium (n) - el acuario arch (n) - el arco archer (n) - el arquero archipelago (n) - el archipiélago architect (n) - el arquitecto, la arquitecta Arctic Ocean (n) - el Océano Artico area code (n) - el prefijo arithmetic (n) - la aritmética arm (n) - el brazo armchair (n) - el sillón around (prep) - alrededor de arrow (n) - la flecha art (n) - el arte art gallery (n) - la galeria de arte artichoke (n) - la alcachofa artist (n) - el/la artista Asia (n) - Asia (f) ask (v) - preguntar

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ask the way - preguntar el camino asleep (adj) - dormido asteroid (n) - el asteroide astronaut (n) - el/la astronauta astronomy (n) - la astronomía Atlantic Ocean (n) - Océano Atlántico (m) athlete (n) - el/la atleta atom (n) - el átomo August (n) - agosto (m) aunt (n) - la tía aurora (n) - la aurora Australia (n) - Australia (f) Austria (n) - Austria (f) automobile (n) - el automóvil autumn (n) - el otoño avenue (n) - la avenida avocado (n) - el aguacate awl (n) - la lezna ax (n) - el hacha

B baby (n) - el bebé backgammon (n) - el backgammon backpack (n) - la mochila bag (n) - la bolsa baker (n) - el panadero (m), la panadera (f) ball (n) - la pelota ballerina (n) - la bailarina balloon (n) - el globo banana (n) - el plátano banjo (n) - el banjo barn (n) - el establo barrel (n) - el barril baseball (n) - la pelota de béisbol baseball bat (n) - el bate basket (n) - la cesta, la canasta bassoon (n) - el contrafagote bat (n) - el murciélago bathing suit (n) - el traje de baño bathroom (n) - el cuarto de baño bathtub (n) - la bañera bay (n) - la bahía beach (n) - la playa beak (n) - el pico bear (n) - el oso beautiful (adj) - bella (f), bello (m) beaver (n) - el castor bed (n) - la cama bee (n) - la abeja beetle (n) - el escarabajo behind (prep) - detrás de bell (n) - la campana bench (n) - el banco

between (prep) - entre bicycle (n) - la bicicleta big (adj) - grande bill (n) - el billete billion (n) - mil millones bird (n) - el pájaro birthday (n) - el cumpleaños birthday cake (n) - la torta de cumpleaños black (adj) - negro blackberry (n) - la zarzamora blackbird (n) - el mirlo blimp (n) - el dirigible block (n) - el cubo blouse (n) - la blusa blue (adj) - azul bluebird (n) - azulejo boat (n) - el bote body (n) - el cuerpo bone (n) - el hueso bonfire (n) - la hoguera book (n) - el libro bookcase (n) - la estantería para libros boom (v) - retumbar, (fig) prosperar boot (n) - la bota borrow (v) - pedir prestado bother (v) - molestar, (worry) preocupar bottle (n) - la botella bottom (n) el fondo, (of hill) el pie, (buttocks) el trasero bouquet (n) - el ramo bow (n) - (knot) el lazo bow (n) - (weapon, mus.) el arco bowels (n) - los intestinos (pl), (fig) las entrañas bowl (n) - el tazón box (n) - la caja boy (n) - el chico, el muchacho, (young) el niño bra (n) - el sostén, el sujetador bracelet (n) - la pulsera brake (v) - frenar brake (n) - el freno brain (n) - el cerebro brand (n) la marca brass instruments (n) - el viento-metal breach (n) - la violación bread (n) - el pan breadcrumbs (n) - las migajas (pl) break (v) - romper, quebrantar breakdown (n) - (tech) la falla, (med) el colapso breakfast (n) - el desayuno bride (n) la novia bridegroom (n) - el novio bridge (n) - el puente brief (adj) - breve

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briefcase (n) - la cartera, el maletín brigade (n) - la brigada bright (adj) - luminoso brilliance (n) - la brillantez, el brillo brilliant (adj) - brilliante broccoli (n) - el brécul, el bróculi brochure (n) - el folleto broom (n) - la escoba broth (n) - el caldo brother (n) - el hermano brow (n) - la frente brown (adj) - marrón brush (v) - cepillar brush (n) - el cepillo, (large) la escoba bubble (n) - la burbuja bubble (v) - burbujear bubbly (adj) - burbujeante bucket (n) - el cubo, la cubeta buckle (n) - la hebilla bud (n) - el brote, el capullo budget (n) - el presupuesto buffalo (n) - el búfalo buffoon (n) - el payaso, el bufón bug (n) - el bicho, (germ) el microbio bugle (n) - la corneta build (v) - construir building (n) - el edificio bulb (n) - el bulbo, (elec) la bombilla Bulgaria (n) - Bulgaria (nf) bull (n) - el toro bulldog (n) - el bulldog bulldozer (n) - la oruga, el aplanadora bullet (n) - la bala bun (n) - el bollo, el panecillo bunch (n) - el manojo, (of people) el grupo bunk (n) - la litera bunny (n) - el conejito burglar (n) - el ladrón burn (v) - quemar, arder bury (v) - enterrar bus (n) - el autobús busy (adj) - ocupado, (street) concurrido but (conj) - pero butter (n) - la mantequilla buttercup (n) - el ranúnculo butterfly (n) - la mariposa buttock (n) - la nalga button (n) - el botón

C cab (n) - el taxi cabbage (n) - el repollo cactus (n) - el cacto, el nopal

cage (n) - la jaula cake (n) - el bizcocho, el pastel calendar (n) - el calendario camel (n) - el camello camera (n) - la cámara fotográfica camp (n) - el campamento campfire (n) - la fogata camper (n) - el/la campista, (veh.) la caravana can (n) - la lata canary (n) - canario candle (n) - la vela candy (n) - los caramelos, los dulces (pl) cane (n) - el bastón canoe (n) - la canoa can opener (n) - el abrelatas Can you help me? - ¿Me puede ayudar?, ¿ Me ayuda por favor? cap (n) - el gorro car (n) - el carro card (n) - la tarjeta cards (n) - la baraja, los naipes (pl) carnation (n) - el clavel carpet (n) - la alfombra carrot (n) - la zanahoria cart (n) - la carreta carton (n) - el tetrabrik cartoon (n) - la tira cómica cast (n) - la escayola castle (n) - el castillo cat (n) - el gato caterpillar (n) - la oruga cauliflower (n) - la coliflor cave (n) - la cueva celery (n) - el apio cell (n) - célula cello (n) - el violoncelo cent (n) - un centavo chair (n) - la silla change purse (n) - el monedero check (n) - el cheque checkbook (n) - el talonario de cheques checkers (n) - las damas (pl) cheek (n) - la mejilla cheese (n) - el queso cherry (n) - la cereza chick (n) - el pollito chicken (n) - el pollo child (n) - la niña (f), el niño (m) children (n) - los niños (pl) chimney (n) - la chimenea chimpanzee (n) - el chimpancé chin (n) - la barbilla chipmunk (n) - la ardilla listada chisel (n) - el formón chocolate (n) - el chocolate

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church (n) - la iglesia cicada (n) - la cigarra circle (n) - el círculo circus (n) - el circo clap (n) - aplaudir clarinet (n) - el clarinete claw (n) - la zarpa, la garra clay (n) - la arcilla clean (adj) - limpio clock (n) - el reloj closed (adj) - cerrado clothes (n) - la ropa cloud (n) - la nube clown (n) - el payaso coat (n) - el abrigo cobweb (n) - la telaraña cocoon (n) - el capullo coffee (n) - el café coffin (n) - el ataúd coin (n) - la moneda cold (adj) - frío colour (n) - el color comb (n) - el peine comet (n) - el cometa comics (n) - el tebeo compass (n) - la brújula computer (n) - la computadora cone (n) - el cono constellation (n) - la constelación container (n) - el recipiente cookie (n) - la galleta coral (n) - el coral corn (n) - el maíz costume (n) - el traje cotton candy (n) - el algodón de azúcar couch (n) - el sofá cow (n) - la vaca coyote (n) - el coyote crab (n) - el cangrejo crafts (n) - las manualidades (pl) crane (n) - la grúa, (bird) la grulla crayon (n) - el creyón cream (n) - la crema credit card (n) - la tarjeta de crédito crescent (n) - el creciente crocodile (n) - el cocodrilo crop (n) - la cosecha crosswalk (n) - el cruce para peatones, el cruce peatonal crow (n) - el cuervo crown (n) - la corona cry (v) - llorar crystal (n) - el cristal cube - el cubo cuckoo (n) - el cuco, el cuclillo cuckoo clock (n) - el reloj de cuclillo

cucumber (n) - el pepino cup (n) - la taza, (prize) la copa cupboard (n) - el armario, la alacena cupcake (n) -los panquecitos (pl) curtains (n) - las cortinas (pl) cute (adj) - linda (f), lindo (m) cyclone (n) - el ciclón cylinder (n) - el cilindro cymbals (n) - los platillos (pl)

D dad (n) - el papá daffodil (n) - el narciso daisy (n) - la margarita dance (v) - bailar dancer (n) - la bailarina (f), el bailarín (m) danger (n) - peligro dartboard (n) - la diana darts (n pl) - los dardos daughter (n) - la hija day (n) - el día December (n) - diciembre deer (n) - el venado desert (n) - el desierto desk (n) - el escritorio dessert (n) - el postre diamond (n) - el diamante diamond (n) - rombo dice (n pl) - los dados diet (n) - dieta dinner (n) - comida dinosaur (n) - el dinosaurio dirt (n)mugre dirty (adj) - sucio dish (n) - el plato divide (v) - dividir division (n) - la división doctor (n) - el doctor dog (n) - el perro doghouse (n) - la perrera doll (n) - la muñeca dollar (n) - el dólar dollhouse (n) - la casita de muñecas dolphin (n) - el delfín dominoes (n) - el dominó donkey (n) - el burro door (n) - la puerta dot (n) - el punto double (adj) - doble double bass (n) - el contrabajo

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dough (n) - la masa doughnut (n) - la rosquilla dove (n) - la paloma down (adv) - abajo Do you speak English? - ¿Hablas inglés? Do you understand English? - ¿Entiende el inglés? dozen (n) - la docena dragon (n) - el dragón dragonfly (n) - la libélula drapes (n) - las cortinas draw (v) - dibujar drawing (n) - el dibujo dress (n) - el vestido dresser (n) - el tocador drill (n) - el taladro drink (v) - beber, tomar dropper (n) - el gotero drum (n) - el tambor duck (n) - el pato duckling (n) - el patito dump truck (n) - el camión de volteo

E each (adj) - cada eagle (n) - el águila ear (n) - la oreja early (adj) - temprano earmuffs (n pl) - las orejeras earring (n) - el arete earth (n) - la Tierra earth (n) - tierra earthworm (n) - lombriz de tierra easel (n) - el caballete east (n, adv) - este eat (v) - comer eel (n) - la anguila egg (n) - el huevo eggplant (n) - la berenjena eight (n, adj) - ocho eighteen (n, adj) - dieciocho eighty (n, adj) - ochenta elbow (n) - el codo electric guitar (n) - la guitarra eléctrica electricity (n) - la electricidad elephant (n) - el elefante elevator (n) - el ascensor eleven (n, adj) - once elk (n) - alce ellipse (n) - la elipse emerald (n) - la esmeralda

empty (adj) - vacío/vacía energy (n) - la energía engine (n) - el motor engine (n) - el locomotora English horn (n) - el corno inglés entrance (n) - la entrada envelope (n) - el sobre equal (adj) - igual equator (n) - el equador eraser (n) - la goma de borrar Europe (n) - Europa evening (n) - el anochecer every (adj) - cada exam (n) - el examen exclamation point (n) - signo de admiración exercise (v) - hacer ejercicio exit (n) - la salida eye (n) - el ojo eyebrow (n) - la ceja eyedropper (n) - el gotero eyeglasses (n pl) - los lentes eyelash (n) - la pestaña eyelid (n) - el párpado

F face (n) - la cara factory (n) - la fábrica fall (autumn) (n) - el otoño family (n) - la familia fan (n) - el ventilador farm (n) - la granja/la finca fast (adj) - rápido fat (adj) - gordo/gorda father (n) - el padre faucet (n) - el grifo feather (n) - la pluma February (n) - febrero feet (n) - los pies (pl) femur (n) - el fémur fence (n) - la cerca fern (n) - el helecho fiddle (n) - violín fifteen (n, adj) - quince fifty (n, adj) - cincuenta file (n) - la lima fin (n) - la aleta finger (n) - el dedo fingernail (n) - la uña fire (n) - el fuego fire engine (n) - el coche de bomberos, la

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bomba de incendios fire fighter (n) - el bombero (m), la bombera (f) fire hydrant (n) - la boca de aqua, la boca de incendio fireplace (n) - la chimenea firewood (n) - la leña fireworks (n) - los fuegos artificiales (pl) first (adj) - primero/primera fish (n) - el pez, el pescado fish bowl (n) - la pecera fish (v) - pescar fishing rod (n) - caña de pescar five (n, adj) - cinco flag (n) - la bandera flame (n) - la llama flamingo (n) - el flamenco flashlight (n) - la linterna flip-flop (n) - la chancla flour (n) - la harina flower (n) - la flor flowers (n) - flores (pl) flute (n) - la flauta fly (v) - volar fly (n) - la mosca foliage (n) - el follaje folk tales (n) - leyendas folclóricas (pl) food (n) - la comida football (n) - el fútbol footprint (n) - la huella del pie footstool (n) - el escabel forehead (n) - la frente forest (n) - el bosque forget-me-nots (n) - nomeolvides (pl) fork (n) - el tenedor forty (n, adj) - cuarenta fossil (n) - fósil four (n, adj) - cuatro fourteen (n, adj) - catorce fox (n) - el zorro freezer (n) - el congelador French horn (n) - el corno de caza Friday (n) - viernes fried egg (n) - el huevo frito friend (n) - el amigo frightened (adj) - asustado frog (n) - la rana fruit (n) - la fruta frying pan (n) - la sartén full (adj) - lleno/llena funnel (n) - el embudo furniture (n) - los muebles (pl) fuselage (n) - el fuselaje

G galaxy (n) - la galaxia game (n) - el juego garbage can (n) - la recipiente de basura/el basurero garbage truck (n) - el camión de basura garden (n) - el jardín gate (n) - la puerta gazelle (n) - la gacela gem (n) - la gema geography (n) - geografia ghost (n) - el fantasma gift (n) - el regalo gingerbread (n) - el pan de jengibre giraffe (n) - la jirafa girl (n) - la chica, la muchacha, la niña give (v) - dar glass (n) - el vaso glasses (n pl) - los lentes globe (n) - el globo glove (n) - el guante goat (n) - la cabra golf (n) - el golf golf ball (n) - la bola de golf golf clubs (n) - los palos de golf gong (n) - el gong good afternoon - buenas tardes good-bye - adiós good evening - buenas noches good morning - buenos dias good night - buenas noches goose (n) - el ganso gorilla (n) - el gorila grandfather (n) - el abuelo grandmother (n) - la abuela grapefruit (n) - la toronja grapes (n pl) - las uvas grass (n) - la hierba/el césped grasshopper (n) - el saltamontes grater (n) - el rallador gray (adj) - gris green (adj) - verde greenhouse (n) - el invernadero guest book (n) - libro de visitas guitar (n) - la guitarra gulf (n) - el golfo

H

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hair (n) - el pelo hairbrush (n) - el cepillo del pelo,el cepillo de cabeza half (n) - la mitad Halloween - el día de Halloween ham (n) - el jamón hamburger (n) - la hamburguesa hammer (n) - el martillo hammock (n) - la hamaca hamster (n) - la marmota, la rata del trigo hands (n) - las manos hanger (n) - la percha happy (adj) - contenta/contento happy birthday - feliz cumpleaños Happy New Year! - Feliz Año Nuevo! harp (n) - el arpa hat (n) - el sombrero haystack (n) - pila de heno head (n) - la cabeza healthy (adj) - saludable hear (v) - oír heart (n) - el corazón hedgehog (n) - el erizo heel (n) - el talón helicopter (n) - el helicóptero Hello - ¡hola! helmet (n) - el casco Help me please. - Ayúdeme por favor. hemisphere (n) - el hemisferio hen (n) - la gallina hexagon (n) - el hexágono hill (n) - la colina hippopotamus (n) - el hipopótamo hips (n) - las caderas hive (n) - la colmena hoe (n) - la azada, el azadón hog (n) - el cerdo hole (n) - el hoyo holly (n) - el acebo home (n) - el hogar honey (n) - la miel honeycomb (n) - el panal de miel hoof (n) - el casco hook (n) - el gancho horn (n) - el cuerno horn (n) - la trompeta hornet (n) - avispón horse (n) - el caballo horseshoe (n) - la herradura hose (n) - la manguera hot (adj) - caliente hot dog (n) - el perro caliente hour (n) - la hora hour hand (n) - la manecilla de la hora house (n) - la casa How? - ¿Cómo?

How are you? - ¿Cómo estás? How do you say...? - ¿Cómo se dice...? How much does it cost? - ¿Cuánto es? hull (n) - el casco hummingbird (n) - el colibrí hundred (n, adj) - cien hungry (adj) - hambriento hurricane (n) - el huracán husband (n) - el marido hut (n) - la choza hydrant (n) - la boca de aqua, la boca de incendio hyena (n) - la hiena

I I (pron) - yo I am... - Estoy... I am called... - (My name is...) Me llamo... I am from... - Soy de... I am fine. - Estoy bien. I am happy. - Estoy alegre. I am hungry. - Tengo hambre. I am lost. - Estoy perdido. I am sad. - Estoy triste. I am sick. (n) - Estoy enfermo. ice (n) - el hielo iceberg (n) - témpano de hielo ice cream (n) - el helado ice cream cone (n) - el barquillo de helado iced tea (n) - el té helado ice skate (n) - el patin de cuchilla, el patin de hielo icicle (n) - el carámbano idea (n) - la idea I don't know. - No lo sé. I don't like it. - No me gusta. I don't speak Spanish. - No hablo español. I don't understand. - No entiendo. No comprendo. igloo (n) - el iglú I have - tengo I like it. - Me gusta. illusion (n) - la ilusión I love you. - Te amo. in (prep) - en Indian Ocean (n) - el Océano Indico I need a doctor. - Necesito un médico. in front of (prep) - delante de ink (n) - la tinta insect (n) - el insecto

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inside (adv, prep) - dentro intersection (n) - la intersección iris (n) - el iris iris (n) - el lirio iron (n) - la plancha island (n) - la isla isthmus (n) - el istmo ivy (n) - la hiedra I would like... - Me gustaria...

J jacket (n) - la chaqueta jack-in-the-box (n) - el payaso sorpresa jack-o'-lantern (n) - calabaza iluminada, fuego fatuo jaguar (n) - el jaguar jam (n) - la mermelada January (n) - enero Japan (n) - Japón jar (n) - el tarro jay (n) - el arrendajo jeans (n) - los pantalones vaqueros jelly (n) - la jalea jellyfish (n) - la medusa jet (n) - el avión de reacción jewel (n) - la joya jewelry (n) - las joyas jigsaw puzzle (n) - el rompecabezas job (n) - la ocupación jog (v) - trotar jokes (n pl) - bromas jug (n) - la jarra juggle (v) - hacer juegos malabares juice (n) - el jugo July (n) - julio jump (v) - saltar jump rope (n) - la cuerda para brincar June (n) - junio jungle (n) - la selva/la jungla Jupiter (n) - Júpiter

K kaleidoscope (n) - calidoscopio kangaroo (n) - el canguro kapok (n) - el kapoc, el árbol de kapoc

karate (n) - el karate kazoo (n) - el kazoo keel (n) - la quilla kelp (n) - el quelpo, el alga marina kettle (n) - la tetera kettledrum (n) - el timbal key (n) - la llave keyboard (n) - el teclado kids (n) - los niños kilogram (n) - el kilogramo kin (n) - parientes king (n) - el rey kitchen (n) - la cocina kite (n) - la cometa kitten (n) - el gatito knee (n) - la rodilla kneel (v) - arrodillarse knife (n) -el cuchillo knit (v) - tejer knot (n) - el nudo koala (n) - el koala

L label (n) - la etiqueta labour (n) - el trabajo lace (n) - el encaje lad (n) - el muchacho ladder (n) -la escalera ladle (n) - la cucharón lady (n) - la señora, (young ~) la señorita ladybug (n) - la mariquita lagoon (n) - la laguna lake (n) - el lago lamb (n) - el cordero lame (adj) - cojo lamp (n) - la lámpara lance (n) - la lanza land (n) - la tierra landing gear (n) - el tren de aterrizaje lap (n) - el regazo large (adj) - grande lash (v) - azotar lasso (n) - el lazo last (adj) - último, última last night - la noche pasada latch (n) - el picaporte late (adj, adv) - tarde latine (n) - la letrina laugh (v) - reír launch (v) - lanzar laundry (n) - la ropa sucia

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laundry basket (n) - la canasta para ropa lava (n) - la lava lavish (v) - prodigar law (n) - la ley lawn (n) - el césped lawn mower (n) - la cortadora de césped lay (v) - poner leaf (n) - la hoja league (n) - la liga leak (n) - la gotera leap (v) - saltar learn (v) - aprender leather (n) - la piel, el cuero leave (v) - dejar, (depart from) marcharse de left (adj) - izquierda left-overs (n) - los restos (pl) leg (n) - la pierna legend (n) - la leyenda lemon (n) - el limón lemonade (n) - la limonada leopard (n) - el leopardo less (adv, prep) - menos lesson (n) - la clase let (v) - dejar, (lease) alquilar letter (n) - la carta, (of the alphabet) la letra letterbox (n) - el buzón letters (n) - las letras (pl) lettuce (n) - la lechuga level (n) - el nivel lever (n) - la palanca liar (n) - el mentiroso library (n) - la biblioteca licence (n) - la licencia, (driving ~) el carné de conducir license plate (n) - la placa, la tablilla lick (v) - lamer licorice (n) - el regaliz lid (n) - la tapa lie (v) - echarse lie (v) - (telling lies) mentir lie (n) - la mentira life (n) - la vida light (n) - la luz lightbulb (n) - la bombilla lighten (v) - (give light to) iluminar, aclarar lighter (n) - el mechero lighthouse (n) - el faro lighting (n) - el alumbrado lightning (n) - el relámpago like (v) - gustarle lily (n) - la azucena limb (n) - el miembro lime (n) - la lima line (n) - la línea lion (n) - el león lip (n) - el labio

list (n) - la lista little (aj) - pequeñita, pequeñito live (v) - vivir living room (n) - la sala lizard (n) - la lagartija llama (n) - la llama load (n) - la carga load (v) - cargar lobster (n) - la langosta local (adj) - local lock (n) - la cerradura lock (v) - cerrar con llave loft (n) - el desván log (n) - el leño, tronco de árbol logo (n) - el logotipo lollipop (n) - la paleta long (adj) - largo loo (n) - (fam) les servicios (pl) look (v) - mirar, (seem) parecer, (search) buscar loud (adj) - fuerte lounge (n) - el salón love (n) - el amor lunatic (n) - el loco lunch (n) - el almuerzo lynx (n) - el lince

M macaroni (n) - macarrones macaw (n) - el guacamayo mad (adj) - enojado magazine (n) - la revista magic (n) - el magia magnet (n) - el imán magnifying glass (n) - lupa mail (n) - el correo mailbox (n) - el buzón mammal (n) - el mamífero mammoth (n) - el mamut man (n) - el hombre many - muchos map (n) - el mapa maple (n) - el arce maracas (n) - las maracas marble (n) - mármol market (n) - el mercado March (n) - marzo marsupial (n) - el marsupial Mars (n) - Marte mask (n) - el antifaz

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mathematics (n) - matemática May (n) - mayo maybe - quizá maze (n) - el laberinto me (pron) - yo meadow (n) - el prado meal (n) - la comida measuring cup (n) - la taza medidora meat (n) - la carne medal (n) - la medalla melon (n) - el melón Mercury (n) - Mercurio mermaid (n) - la sirena meteor (n) - el meteoro microscope (n) - el microscopio microwave oven (n) - el horno microondas midnight (n) - medianoche milk (n) - la leche million (n, adj) - millón mineral (n) - el mineral minivan (n) - la miniván minute (n) - el minuto minute hand (n) - el minutero mirror (n) - el espejo mitten (n) - el mitón mom (n) - mamá Monday (n) - lunes money (n) - el dinero monkey (n) - el mono monster (n) - el monstruo month (n) - el mes moon (n) - la luna moose (n) - el alce mop (n) - el trapeador more - más morning (n) - la mañana mortar board (n) - el birrete mosquito (n) - el mosquito, el zancudo moth (n) - la polilla, la mariposa nocturna mother (n) - la madre motorcycle (n) - la motocicleta mountain (n) - la montaña mouse (n) - el ratón mouse (n) - el ratón mouth (n) - la boca muffin (n) - el panquecito mug (n) - la taza grande multiplication (n) - la multiplicación multiply (v) - multiplicar mummy (n) - la momia museum (n) - el museo mushroom (n) - el hongo, el champiñón el champiñón (n) - mushroom muskrat (n) - el ratón almizclero music (n) - la música musician (n) - el músico

mutt (n) - el bobo My name is... - Me llamo...

N nail (finger, toe)(n) - la uña nail (n) - el clavo naked (adj) - desnudo name (n) - el nombre nandu (n) - el ñandú nanny (n) - la niñera nap (n) - el sueñecito, (after lunch) la siesta nap (v) - echarse un sueño napkin (n) - la servilleta narcotic (n, adj) - narcótico narrow (adj) - estrecho, angosto nasal (adj) - nasal nation (n) - la nación national (adj) - nacional native (adj) - nativo neck (n) - el cuello necklace (n) - el collar necktie (n) - la corbata need (v) - necesitar, exigir needle (n) - la aguja neighbour (n) - el vecino neighbourhood (n) - la vecindad neither (adv, pron) - ni, ninguno neon (n) - neón nephew (n) - el sobrino Neptune (n) - Neptuno nerve (n) - el nervio nervous (adj) - nervioso nest (n) - el nido net (n) - la red neutral (adj) - neutral, neutro never (adv) - nunca, jamás never again - nunca más new (adj) - nuevo news (n) - las noticias (pl), (on TV) el telediario newspaper (n) - el periódico newt (n) - el tritón New Year (n) - el año nuevo New Zealand (n) - Nueva Zelanda nice (adj) - agradable, amable, bonito Nice to meet you. - Encantado de conocerle.Mucho gusto. nickel (n) - cinco centavos night (n) - la noche nightgown (n) - el camisa de dormir, el

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camisón nine (n) - nueve nineteen (n) - diecinueve ninety (n) - noventa no (adv) - no noodles (n) - los fideos noon (n) - mediodia north (n) - norte North America (n) - el América del Norte northeast (n) - nordeste northern hemisphere (n) - el hemisferio norte North Pole (n) - el Polo Norte northwest (n) - noroeste nose (n) - la nariz note (n) - la nota notebook (n) - el cuaderno notes (n) - notas (pl) November (n) - noviembre numbers (n) - los números (pl) nurse (n) - el enfermero (m), la enfermera (f) nut (n) - la nuez nut (technical) (n) - la tuerca

O oar (n) - el remo oboe (n) - el oboe ocean (n) - el océano occupation (n) - la ocupación octagon (n) - el octágono October (n) - octubre octopus (n) - el pulpo oil (n) - el aceite ok (int) - okay olive (n) - la aceituna Olympics (n) - Olímpico omelet (n) - la tortilla de huevos on top of (prep) - encima de one (n, adj) - uno one half (n) - la mitad onion (n) - la cebolla open (adj) - abierto opposites (n) - los contrarios (pl) orange (adj) - anaranjado orange (n) - la naranja orange juice (n) - el jugo de naranja orangutan (n) - el orangután orb (n) - el orbe orbit (n) - la órbita orchid (n) - la orquídea

ostrich (n) - el avestruz otter (n) - la nutria outdoors (adv) - al aire libre oval (n) - el óvalo oven (n) - el horno oven mitt (n) - el guante de cocina over (prep, adv) - sobre overalls (n) - los pantalones de trabajo (pl) overcoat (n) - el abrigo, el gabán owl (n) - el búho, la lechuza

P Pacific Ocean (n) - el Océano Pacifico pacifier (n) - el chupete package (n) - el paquete paddle (n) - el remo padlock (n) - el candado pail (n) - el balde, la cubeta paint (v) - pintar paintbrush (n) - la brocha, el pincel pajamas (n) - los pijamas palace (n) - el palacio palette (n) - la paleta palm tree (n) - la palma pan (n) - la sartén pants (n) - los pantalones paper (n) - el papel parallel (n) - paralelo parrot (n) - el loro, el papagayo party (n) - la fiesta peach (n) - el durazno, el melocotón peacock (n) - el pavo real pear (n) - la pera peas (n) - los guisantes pebble (n) - la piedrecita pen (n) - la pluma/el bolígrafo pencil (n) - el lápiz penguin (n) - el pingüino peninsula (n) - la península penny (n) - un centavo pen pal (n) - amigo por correspondencia pentagon (n) - el pentágono people (n) - la personas pepper (n) - le pimienta percussion instruments (n) - la percusíon pet (n) - el animal doméstico piano (n) - el piano piccolo (n) - el flautin picture (n) - el cuadro pie (n) - el pastel pig (n) - el cerdo

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piggy bank (n) - la alcancia pigeon (n) - la paloma, pichón pillow (n) - la almohada pin (n) - el alfiler pink (adj) - rosa, rosado pinwheel (n) - la rehilandera pirate (n) - el pirata pitcher (n) - la jarra, pichel pitcher (n) - el pitcher pizza (n) - la pizza plane (n) - el avión planet (n) - el planeta planetarium (n) - el planetario plant (n) - la planta plantain (n) - el plátano plate (n) - el plato play (v) - jugar please - por favor Pleased to meet you. - Encantado de conocerle. Please help me. - Ayúdeme, por favor. Please repeat that. - ¿Podria repetir, por favor? pliers (n) - los alicates plum (n) - ciruela Pluto (n) - Plutón pocket (n) - el bolsillo . point (n) - el punto police officer (n) - la policía polygons (n) - polígonos pond (n) - la laguna, la charca pot (n) - la olla potato (n) - la papa present (n) - el regalo president (n) - el presidente prince (n) - el príncipe princess (n) - la princesa pull (v) - tirar pumpkin (n) - la calabaza pupa (n) - la crisálida pupil (n) - la pupila puppet (n) - el títere puppy (n) - el cachorro purple (adj) - morado purse (n) - el bolso push (v) - empujar puzzle (n) - el rompecabezas pyramid (n) - la pirámide

Q

quadruplet (n) - el cuatrillizo quail (n) - la codorniz quarter (n) - la moneda de 25 centavos quartz (n) - el cuarzo quasar (n) - el quasar queen (n) - la reina question mark (n) - el signo de interrogación quetzal (n) - el quetzal quicksand (n) - la arena movediza quiet (adj) - callado/callada quilt (n) - el edredón quintuplet (n) - el quintillizo quiz (n) - el examen

R rabbit (n) - el conejo raccoon (n) - el mapache racket (n) - la raqueta radar (n) - el radar radio (n) - la radio rain (n) - la lluvia rainbow (n) - el arco iris raincoat (n) - el impermeable rain forest (n) - el bosque tropical rake (n) - el rastrillo rake (v) - rastrillar raspberry (n) - la frambuesa rat (n) - la rata read (v) - leer receive (v) - recibir recipe (n) - receta de cocina rectangle (n) - el rectángulo red (adj) - rojo refrigerator (n) - el refrigerador/la nevera reindeer (n) - el reno remote control (n) - el control remoto rhinoceros (n) - el rinoceronte ribbon (n) - la cinta riddle (n) - enigma right - derecha ring (n) - el anillo river (n) - el río roach (n) - la cucaracha road (n) - el camino roadrunner (n) - el correcamino robin (n) - el petirrojo robot (n) - el robot rock (n) - la piedra/la roca rocket (n) - aeronave cohete

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roll (n) - el panecillo/bollo roller skates (n) - los patinos de ruedas rolling pin (n) - el rodillo de amasar roof (n) - el techo room (n) - el cuarto rooster (n) - el gallo rope (n) - la soga/la cuerda rose (n) - la rosa ruby (n) - rubí rug (n) - la alfombra ruler (n) - la regla run (v) - correr

S sack (n) - el saco / la bolsa sad (adj) - triste safari (n) - el safari safety pin (n) - el imperdible sail (n) - la vela sailboat (n) - el barco de vela saint (n) - el santo salad (n) - la ensalada salami (n) - el salchichón sale (n) - la venta saliva (n) - la saliva salt (n) - la sal same (adj) - igual, mismo sand (n) - la arena sandals (n) - las sandalias sandcastle (n) - el castillo de arena sandpaper (n) - el papel de lija sandwich (n) - el bocadillo satellite (n) - el satélite Saturday (n) - sábado Saturn (n) - Saturno sauce (n) - la salsa sauna (n) - la sauna sausage (n) - el chorizo save (v) - salvar, ahorrar, evitar saw (n) - el serrucho, sierra saxophone (n) - el saxófono say (v) - decir scale (n) - la balanza scar (n) - la cicatriz scarce (adj) - escaso scare (v) - asustar scared (adj) - asustado, temeroso scarf (n) - la bufanda school (n) - la escuela science (n) - la ciencia

scissors (n) - las tijeras (pl) scorpion (n) - el alacrán scream (v) - gritar screw (n) - el tornillo screwdriver (n) - el destornillador scroll (n) - rollo de papel sea (n) - el mar sea gull (n) - la gaviota seahorse (n) - caballito de mar seal (n) - la foca seashore (n) - la orilla del mar seasons (n) - las estaciones (pl) second (adj) - segundo second (n) - el segundo second hand (n) - el segundero see (v) - ver seesaw (n) - el balancín See you later. - Hasta luego. semicircle (n) - semicirculo September (n) - septiembre seven - siete seventeen - diecisiete seventy - setenta sew (v) - coser shampoo (n) - el champú shapes (n) - las formas (pl) shark (n) - el tiburón sheep (n) - la oveja, el carnero shelf (n) - el estante shell (n) - la concha ship (n) - el barco shirt (n) - la camisa shoe (n) - el zapato short (n) - baja / bajo shoulder (n) - el hombro shovel (n) - la pala shrimp (n) - el camaron sick (adj) - enferma / enfermo sidewalk (n) - la acera sing (v) - cantar sink (bathroom) (n) - el lavabo sink (kitchen) (n) - el fregadero sister (n) - la hermana sit (n) - sentarse six (n, adj) - seis sixteen (n, adj) - dieciséis sixty (n, adj) - sesenta skeleton (n) - el esqueleto skirt (n) - la falda skull (n) - el cráneo sky (n) - el cielo skyscraper (n) - el rascacielos sleep (v) - dormir sleeping bag (n) - el saco de dormir slide (n) - el tobogán slide (v) - deslizar

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slipper (n) - la zapatilla slow (adj) - lenta / lento small (adj) - pequeña / pequeño smell (v) - oler smell (n) - el olor smile (n) - la sonrisa snail (n) - el caracol snake (n) - la culebra / la serpiente snow (n) - la nieve snowflake (n) - el copo de nieve snowman (n)- el muñeco de nieve soap (n) - el jabón soccer ball (n)- el fútbol sock (n) - el calcetin sofa (n) - el sofá soil (n) - el suelo soldier (n) - el soldado son (n) - el hijo soul (n) - la alma sound (n) - el sonido, el ruido sound (v) - sonar soup (n) - la sopa sour (adj) - agrio source (n) - la fuente south (n) - el sur south (adv) - hacia el sur South America - el América del Sur southeast (n) - el sudeste Southern Hemisphere (n) - el hemisferio sur Southern Ocean (n) - el Océano Antártico South Pole (n) - el Polo Sur southwest (n) - el sudeste soya bean (n) - la soja spa (n) - el balneario space (n) - el espacio space shuttle (n) - el transbordador espacial spacesuit (n) - el traje espacial spade (n) - la pala spaghetti (n) - espaguetis (pl) Spain (n) - España Spanish (n, adj) - español spanner (n) - la llave spatula (n) - la espátula speak (v) - hablar spear (n) - la lanza special (adj) - especial speed (n) - la velocidad spell (magic) (n) - el hechizo spell (v) - escribir sphere (n) - la esfera spine (n) - la espina dorsal spider (n) - la araña spiral (n) - el espiral sponge (n) - la esponja

spool (n) - el carrete spoon (n) - la cucharita sports (n) - los deportes (pl) spray can (n) - el spray spring (n) - la primavera square (n) - el cuadrado squid (n) - el calamar squirrel (n) - la ardilla stable (n) - el establo stamp (n) - el timbre postal, el sello postal, la estampilla stapler (n) - la engrapadora star (n) - la estrella steak (n) - el bistec stem (n) - el tallo stingray (n) - raya stone (n) - la piedra stool (n) - el escabel stop (v) - parar stop sign (n) - la señal de alto store (n) - la tienda, el almacén storm (n) - la tormenta story (n) - la historia stove (n) - el horno strait (n) - el estrecho strawberry (n) - la fresa street (n) - la calle string (n) - el cordel string instruments (n) - instrumentos de cuerda (pl) subtract (v) - restar subtraction (n) - la resta suitcase (n) - la maleta summer (n) - el verano sun (n) - el sol Sunday (n) - domingo sunflower (n) - el girasol sunglasses (n) - las gafas de sol (pl) sunrise (n) - el amanecer sunset (n) - el atardecer swan (n) - el cisne swimsuit (n) - el traje de baño sword (n) - la espada

T table (n) - la mesa tadpole (n) - el renacuajo tag (n) - la etiqueta tail (n) - la cola tale (n) - cuento talk (v) - hablar

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tall (adj) - alta, alto tambourine (n) - el pandero tanker (n) - camión cisterna tape (n) - la cinta tape measure (n) - la cinta métrica tar (n) - la brea target (n) - el blanco taste (v) - probar taxi (n) - el taxi tea (n) - el té teach (v) - enseñar teacher (n) - el maestro, la maestra team (n) - el equipo teapot (n) - tetera teddy bear (n) - oso de peluche tee (n) - el tee telephone (n) - el teléfono telescope (n) - el telescopio television (n) - la tele, la televisión ten (n, adj) - diez tennis (n) - el tenis tennis racket (n) - la raqueta tent (n) - la tienda de campaña tern (n) - golondrina test (n) - la prueba thank (v) - agradecer, dar las gracias thank you - gracias thermometer (n) - el termómetro thin (adj) - delgado think (v) - pensar thirteen (n, adj) - trece thirty (n, adj) - treinta thousand (n, adj) - mil thread (n) - el hilo three (n, adj) - tres throw (v) - tirar, aventar, echar thumb (n) - el pulgar thumbtack (n) - la chinche Thursday (n) - jueves tickle (v) - hacer cosquillas tie (n) - la corbata tiger (n) - el tigre time (n) - el tiempo tire (n) - la llanta toad (n) - el sapo toadstool (n) - agárico toaster (n) - la tostador today (adv) - hoy toddler (n) - el niño pequeño toes (n) - los dedos de los pies toilet (n) - el inodoro tomato (n) - el tomate, el jitomate tongue (n) - la lengua tongue twister (n) - trabalenguas toolbox (n) - la caja de las herramientas tools (n) - las herramientas

tooth (n) - el diente toothbrush (n) - el cepillo de dientes toothpaste (n) - la pasta dentífrica, la crema dental tornado (n) - el tornado toucan (n) - el toucan touch (v) - tocar towel (n) - la toalla town (n) - el pueblo tow truck (n) - la grúa toys (n) - los juguetes tractor (n) - el tractor traffic light (n) - el semáforo train (n) - el tren trapezoid (n) - trapezoide trash can (n) - el cubo de basura, el basurero tree (n) - el árbol triangle (n) - el triángulo trillion (n) - billón triplets (n) - las trillizos trombone (n) - el trómbon de varas truck (n) - el camión trumpet (n) - la trompeta trunk (n) - la trompa trunk (n) - el baúl trunk (n) - la maletera trunk (n) - el tronco tuba (n) - la tuba tube (n) - el tubo Tuesday (n) - martes tulip (n) - el tulipán turtle (n) - la tortuga TV (n) - la tele, la televisión twelve (n, adj) - doce twenty (n, adj) - veinte twins (n) - los gemelos two (n, adj) - dos

U ugly (adj) - feo umbrella (n) - la sombrilla/el paraguas uncle (n) - el tío under (prep) - debajo de undershirt (n) - la franela understand (v) - comprender underwear (n) - la ropa interior unhappy (adj) - infeliz unicorn (n) - el unicornio uniform (n) - el uniforme

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United States (n) - Estados Unidos up (adv) - arriba upside down - a revés Uranus (n) - Urano urn (n) - el jarrón us (pron) - nos utensils (n) - los utensilios

V vacuum cleaner (n) - la aspiradora valentine card (n) - tarjeta del Día de San Valentín valley (n) - el valle van (n) - la miniván vase (n) - el jarrón, el florero vat (n) - la tina vegetables (n) - la verdura vehicle (n) - el vehículo Venus (n) - Venus vertebra (n) - la vértebra vest (n) - el chaleco videotape (n) - la videocinta village (n) - el pueblo, la aldea vine (n) - la viña viola (n) - la viola violet (adj) - violeta violin (n) - el violín volcano (n) - el volcán vortex (n) - el vórtice vote (v) - voto vowel (n) - la vocal vulture (n) - el buitre

W wagon (n) - el carretón waist (n) - la cintura walk (v) - caminar, andar wall (n) - la pared wallet (n) - la cartera walnut (n) - nuez walrus (n) - la morsa washer (n) - la rondana wasp (n) - la avispa wastebasket (n) - la papelera watch (n) - el reloj water (n) - el agua

water bottle (n) - la cantimplora waterfall (n) - la cascada watering can (n) - la regadera watermelon (n) - la sandía wave (n) - la ola wave (v) - saludar a alguien con la mano we (pron) - nostros weasel (n) - comadreja weather (n) - el tiempo web (n) - telaraña, tela de araña wedge (n) - la cuña wedge (n) - el wedge Wednesday (n) - miércoles weep (v) - llorar west (n, adv) - oeste whale (n) - la ballena what - qué What color is it? - ¿Qué color es este? What is your favorite color? - ¿Cuál es tu color favorito? What is your name? - ¿Cómo te llamas? What hour is it? - ¿Qué hora es? What time is it? - ¿Cuándo es? wheel (n) - la rueda wheelbarrow (n) - la carretilla wheelchair (n) - la silla de ruedas when - cuándo where - dónde Where are you from? - ¿De dónde eres? Where is the bathroom? - ¿Donde esta el baño? ?? which - cuál whisk (n) - el batidor de mano whistle (n) - el silbato white (adj) - blanco White House (n) - la Casa Blanca who - quién why - por qué wide (adj) - ancho wife (n) - la esposa wig (n) - la peluca wiggle (v) - contonear, menear windmill (n) - el molino de viento window (n) - la ventana wing (n) - el ala winter (n) - el invierno wish (n) - el deseo wishbone (n) - el hueso de la suerte, la espoleta witch (n) - bruja wok (n) - el wok wolf (n) - el lobo woman (n) - la mujer wood (n) - la madera woodpecker (n) - el pájaro carpintero woodwinds (n pl) - el viento-madera

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word (n) - la palabra world (n) - el mundo work (v) - trabajar worm (n) - el gusano wrench (n) - la llave de boca write (v) - escribir

X x-ray (n) - radiografía xylophone (n) - el xilófono

Y yacht (n) - el yate yak (n) - el yac yam (n) - el ñame yard (n) - el patio yardstick (n) - la yarda yarn (n) - la lana/el hilo year (n) - el año yell (v) - gritar yellow (adj) - amarillo yes - si yogurt (n) - el yogur yoke (n) - la yunta yolk (n) - la yema de huevo young (adj) - joven You're welcome. - De nada.

Z zebra (n) - la cebra zeppelin (n) - el zepelín zero (adj, n) - cero (nm) zigzag (adj) - el zigzag zinnia (n) - rascamoño, la zinia zipper (n) - el cierre zither (n) - la cítara zone (n) - la zona zoo (n) - el parque zoológico zoologist (n) - el zoólogo zucchini (n) - el calabacin

Food Glossary Spanish English A aceite - oil aceite de oliva - olive oil aceituna - olive adj nutritivo - nourishing agridulce - sweet and sour agrio - sour agrio/ácido - bitter agua de coco - coconut milk aguacate palta (S.Am) - avocado ajo - garlic albahaca - basil albahaca - sweet basil albardilla - batter albóndiga - meatball alcachofa - artichoke alcaparras - capers alioli - garlic mayonnaise almejas - clams almendras - almonds almíbar - syrup alubias - pulses alubias negras - black beans alubias rojas - kidney beans anchoa - anchovy añadir - add apagar - turn off apio - celery aplanar - roll out aplastar/aplanar - flatten arándano (rojo y agrio) -cranberry arenque - herring arenque ahumado - kipper arroz -rice asado/asar -roast aspic, galantina -aspic atar -tie atún -tuna azafrán - saffron azucar -sugar azúcar blanca de granulado muy fino -caster sugar azúcar glace -icing sugar B bacon - beicón bacalao -cod

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bacalao salado -salt cod barbacoa / parrillada -barbeque barra -loaf batir -whisk batido (de leche) - milkshake- bechamel -bechamel sauce beicón -bacon bellota -acorn berenjena -aubergine berenjena -eggplant berro -watercress besugo -sea bream bistec -steak bocadillo-sandwich (with Spanish bread) boquerónes - fresh anchovies in vinegar (a popular tapa) boniato , batata , camote (Andes, Méx) -sweet potato borde -edge borraja -borage brócoli, brécol-broccoli brotes de soja -bean sprouts (soyabean) budín, pudín, pudding; (postre) -pudding C calabacín -courgette calabacín,calabacita, zapallito-zucchini calabaza -marrow calabaza (peru) zapallo-pumpkin calamar -squid caldo-broth caldo -stock calentar -heat calentar -warm canela - cinnamon canelones -canneloni cangrejo S.Amer (m) jaiba -crab capa -layer caraco - snail caramelo duro hecho con azúcar y mantequilla -butterscotch carne -flesh carne -meat carne de salchicha-sausage meat carne picada -mince cáscara -rind cáscaras -shells castaño -chestnut cazo -pan cazo -saucepan cazón -dogfish cebolla -onion cebolleta -shallot

cebolleta, cebollín, cebolla de verdeo, chalote, chalota -scallion (young onion) cepillar -brush cerdo -pork cerdo picado -mince pork champiñones -mushrooms chícharo (Méxican)-pea chive (hierba) -chive (herb) chocolate -chocolate chorizo - Spanish chorizo sausage chorrear un poco -trickle chorrito -dash cilantro, culantro-coriander ciruela -plum ciruela (seca)-prune clara de huevo -egg white clavo (de olor) -clove cocer al horno -bake cocinar -cook cocinar a fuego lento-simmer coco -coconut cocoa (en polvo) -cocoa powder codorniz -quail cogollo -heart (of cabbage, lettuce) col -cabbage colar-strain coles de Bruselas -brussel sprouts coliflor -cauliflower colorante alimenticio -food coloring combinar -combine comida-food comida basura, porquerías -junk food comilona -a nosh up comino -cumin comiso - packed lunch completamente -thoroughly condimento -seasoning conejo -rabbit congelado -frozen congrio -conger eel conservante-preservative conservar-preserve consistencia -consistency coñac-brandy copos de avena -oats copos de maíz tostados-cornflakes corazones de alcachofas -hearts of artichoke cordero-lamb cortado en cuatro -quartered cortar -trim cortar en cuadritos -diced cortar en lonchas finas -thinly slice cosa para pelar patatas -potato peeler costillas -ribs costillas -spare ribs crema pastelero -confectioner's custard

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crepe -pancake crudo -raw crujiente, crocante-crispy cuajar -curdle cuajo -rennet cubrir -cover cuchara (grande o de servir) -tablespoon cuchara de medir-measuring spoon cucharada -spoon cucharita, cucharilla -teaspoon cucharones -ladles cuenco -bowls cuscurro -crouton D dar la vuelta -turn de grano grueso -coarse de horno -ovenproof dehuesado -boned dejar en adobo, marinar -marinade, marinate derretido-melted derretir -melt desayuno (n), v. desayunar-breakfast descansar -rest despensa -larder dientes de ajo -cloves of garlic dividir en dos -halve doblar -fold donut, rosquilla-doughnut dorado -golden dorar -v. brown dulce -sweet dulce de membrillo-quince cheese/jelly E empanada, empanadilla -pasty en lata -tinned en trozos -sliced en trozos menudos -finely chopped en vez de -instead of encender-light enchilada (Mexican tortilla with a meat or cheese filling, served with a tomato and chili sauce) endibias -endives endivia, (in coffee) achicoria -chicory endulzante-sweetener endulzar, azucarar -sweeten eneldo - dill

enfriar -chill engrasado -greased engrasar -oil entero -whole escaldar-scald escalfado -poached escurrir -drain espaguetis -spaghetti espárrago -asparagus espesar -thicken espeso -stiff espesura, grueso -thickness espinacas -spinach espuma -foam espumadera -slotted spoon estofado-casserole estofado -stew estofado de liebre -jugged hare exprimir -squeeze F fécula -potato starch filetes -fillets formas -shapes freír -fry fresa -strawberry frigorífico -fridge frijol -lima bean frijoles refritos -refried beans frotar -rub fruta-fruit fuego fuerte -high heat G

gancho de carnicero -meathook

galleta -cookie galleta salada (generalmente en forma de 8) -pretzel gambas -prawns

garbanzos -chick peas gazpacho - Cold tomato soup See recipe gelatina -gelatine gelatina -jelly goloso -Sweet toothed granos de pimienta-peppercorns grasa -grease gratinar -grill grisín, colín-bread stick

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grueso, espeso -thick guarnición -garnish guayaba -guava guisantes -peas H habas -broad beans habas/habichuelas/alubias/frijol-beans habas con jamón - see recipe habichuelas (Méx) ejote -green beans hacer puré -mash harina -flour harina de maíz -cornflour helado -ice cream hervir -boil hierba - herb hierba doncella - myrtle (AmE), periwinkle (BrE) hierbabuena - mint hierbaluisa - lemon verbena higado -liver higo - fig higo chumbo - prickly pear hinojo -fennel hoja -leaf hoja del cuchillo -blade of a knife hojaldre -puff pastry hojas -leaves horno -oven hueco-dent hueso/espina -bone hueva -roe huevera -eggcup huevo-egg huevo duro-hard boiled egg I ingredientes -ingredients J jabalí -wild boar jamón -ham jamón York -cooked ham jarra graduada-measuring jug jerez -sherry jugo/zumo -juice jugoso -juicy juliana -julienne

K kilo - un kilo L lado -side lata -can lata -tin laurel -bayleaf lavar -wash lean - ‹ meat › magro, sin grasa leche - milk leche cuajada -junket lechoso - milky (con mucha leche) lechuga -lettuce lechón (cochinillo) suckling pig lentamente -gradually lentejas -lentils levadura (en polvo) -baking powder liebre -hare lima -lime limón -lemon limpiar con agua -rinse limpiar con un paño -wipe lista de la compra -shopping list M machacar-grind maduro -ripe magdalena -cupcake magro - lean (meat) mahonesa - mayonnaise maíz tierno, elote (Méx), choclo (AmS), jojoto (Ven)-sweetcorn manteca, grasa de cerdo-lard mantequilla -butter manzana -apple mariscos -seafood mariscos-shellfish masa -dough masa horneada a base de leche, huevos y harina que se sirve tradicionalmente con el rosbif -Yorkshire pudding mayonesa-mayonnaise mejillones -mussels melaza -molasses melocotón, durazno (AmL) -peach melón (de pulpa verdosa muy dulce) -honeydew melon

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membrillo-quince menta -mint merluza -hake mezclar -mix miel -honey migas de pan/pan rallado-breadcrumbs molido, pulverizado -ground mollejas, lechecillas -sweetbreads mollete - muffin mora - blackberry morcilla - black pudding morcón - blood sausage mortero -mortar mostaza -mustard muslo de pollo -drumstick (chicken) mustard - mostaza N

O

naranja -orange nata -cream nata agria -sour cream nata montada -whipped cream nectarina -nectarine no engordante-non fattening nueces (de california) -walnuts nuez de mantequilla -knob of butter nuez moscada -nutmeg

queso de Burgos soft white cheese queso de bola Dutch cheese queso de oveja sheep's cheese

queso gallego creamy cheese queso cheese quisquillas shrimps

onza (28,35 gramos) -ounce orégano -oregano

P palitos de queso -cheese straws pan-bread pan ázimo, pan sin levadura-unleavened (bread) pan de molde -sliced bread pan duro -stale bread pan integral -brown bread panera (para guardar el pan) -breadbin papel de cocina -kitchen tissue pasa (de uva)-raisin pasta -pasta pastel -cake patata frita -chip patatas -potatoes patatas a lo pobre - fried potatoes with green peppers see recipe

patatas fritas -crisps patatas fritas-french fries pato -duck pechuga de pollo -chicken breast pedazo grande -wedge pelado -peeled pelado -skinned pelar -peel pepinillo -gherkins pepino-cucumber pepitas (trocitos) de pollo -chicken nuggets perdiz -partridge perejil -parsley perro or perrito caliente, pancho-hot dog pescado -fish picante -spicy picar -chop piel/pelar -skin pimentón -paprika pimienta -pepper pimienta cayena -cayenne pepper pimiento rojo -red pepper pimiento verde -green pepper piña -pineapple piñones -pine kernels pizca -pinch pizza -pizza plátano -banana plato -dish plato principal, segundo plato -main course pochar -fry ... until soft pollo -chicken poner -arrange poner trocitos encima -dot with postre-dessert productos alimenticios, comestibles -foodstuffs puerros -leeks punto de ebullición -boiling point punto de fusión -melting point puñado -handful puré -purée Q queso con membrillo cheese with quince jelly

queso del pais local cheese

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R Ribeiro Galician white wine Rioja good wine from Logroño ragout de ternera veal ragout rape a la americana white fish with brandy and herbs rape a la cazuela stewed white fish rape a la plancha grilled white fish raviolis ravioli raya skate redondo al horno roast fillet of beef remolacha beetroot repollo cabbage repostería de la casa cakes baked on the premises requeson cream cheese/cottage cheese revuelto de ajos tiernos scrambled egg with spring garlic revuelto de angulas scrambled egg with baby eels revuelto de gambas scrambled egg with prawns revuelto de sesos scrambled egg with brains revuelto de trigueros scrambled egg with asparagus revuelto mixto scrambled eggs with mixed vegetables riñones al jerez kidneys with sherry riñones kidneys rodaballo turbot romero rosemary ron rum roscas sweet pastries rábanos radish S sabor -taste sacar con cuchara -spoon sal -salt salado-salted salchicha -sausage salchicha envuelta en hojaldre -sausage roll salmón -salmon salmonete -red mullet salmpimentar -season with salt and pepper salpicar -sprinkle salsa -sauce salsa de soja -soy sauce salsa hecha a base de miga de pan y leche -bread sauce

salsa para acompañar los diferentes bocaditos que se sirven con el aperitivo, en una fiesta etc -dip salsa tártara -tartar sauce saltear -sauté sandwichera -sandwich toaster sardinas -sardines sartén -frying pan sazonar -season with salt secar -dry sellar-seal semillas -seeds sidra -cider sofreír - to sauté, fry lightly sofrito - lightly fried solomillo-sirloin steak solomillo -tenderloin steak suero (de la leche) -buttermilk sumergir-dip T tabla de cortar el pan -breadboard tallarines -noodles tallo -stalk tamale (ground maize and sometimes meat or a sweet filling wrapped in a banana or maize leaf)-tamal tamizar -sieve tapadera -lid tarta de queso-cheesecake taza para medir -measuring cup ternera picada -minced beef ternera (de animal muy joven y de carne pálida) -veal ternera, carne de vaca, res-beef tibio -tepid tierno -tender tiritas -strips tocino-pork fat tocino entreverado -streaky bacon tofu, queso de soja -tofu tomates -tomatoes tomillo -thyme torrija, torreja, tostada que se vende en paquetes, biscote -french toast tortilla de patatas - Spanish omelette tortilla - (mexican) unleaved bread used to put food in tostado -toasted transferir -transfer triturar -liquidise trucha -trout

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U untar -smear untar con mantequilla-butter (v) V vaciar -empty vapor -steamer verter -pour vinagre -vinegar vodka -vodka volver -return W whisky whisky Y yema de huevo -egg yolk yemas -yolks Z zanahoria -carrot Food Glossary English Spanish A achieved - logrado acorn - bellota add - añadir almonds -almendras anchovy - anchoa apple - manzana arrange - poner artichoke -alcachofa asparagus - espárrago aspic - aspic, galantina aubergine - berenjena avocado - aguacate palta (S.Am)

B bacon - beicón bake - cocer al horno baking powder - levadura (en polvo) banana - plátano barbeque - barbacoa / parrillada basil - albahaca bass (sea bass) lubina; (stone bass) cherna basting - rociando batter - albardilla bayleaf - laurel beans - habas/habichuelas/alubias/frijol bean sprouts (soyabean) - brotes de soja bechamel sauce - bechamel beef - ternera, carne de vaca, res beetroot - remolacha (Méx) betabel (Chi) betarraga bitter - agrio/ácido black beans - alubias negras blackberry - mora

blanch - escaldar

boiling point - punto de ebullición bone - hueso/espina

bread stick - grisín, colín

broccoli - brócoli, brécol

blade of a knife - hoja del cuchillo

blancmange - crema de maizena boil - hervir

boned - dehuesado borage - borraja bowl - cuenco brandy - coñac bread - pan breadbin - panera (para guardar el pan) breadboard - tabla de cortar el pan breadcrumbs - migas de pan/pan rallado bread sauce - salsa hecha a base de miga de pan y leche

breakfast - n. desayuno, v. desayunar breast - (of chicken) pechuga broad beans - habas

broth - caldo brown - dorar brown bread - pan integral brush - v. cepillar n.cepillo brussel sprouts - coles de Bruselas butter - mantequilla butter - untar con mantequilla buttermilk - suero (de la leche) butterscotch - caramelo duro hecho con azúcar y mantequilla

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C cabbage - col cake - pastel can - lata canneloni - canelones capers - alcaparras carrot - zanahoria carve (meat) - cortar/ trinchar la carne casserole - estofado caster sugar - azúcar blanca de granulado muy fino catering - (to do the) encargarse del servicio de comida y bebida cauliflower - coliflor cayenne pepper - pimienta cayena celery - apio cheese - queso cheesecake - tarta de queso cheese straws - palitos de queso chestnut - castaño chicken - pollo chicken breast - pechuga de pollo

chicory - endivia, (in coffee) achicoria

chill - enfriar

chop - (cut up) picar

cinnamon - canela

cloves of garlic - dientes de ajo coat - rebozar

cochinillo - suckling pig

coriander - cilantro, culantro cornflakes - copos de maíz tostados

cottage pie - pastel de carne cubierta con puré de patatas

courgette - calabacín

cucumber - pepino

curdle - cuajar

chicken nuggets - pepitas (trocitos) de pollo

chick peas - garbanzos

chip - patata frita chive (herb) - chive (hierba) chocolate - chocolate

chop - chuleta, costilla cider - sidra

clams - almejas clove - clavo (de olor)

coarse - de grano grueso

cocoa powder - cocoa (en polvo) coconut - coco coconut milk - agua de coco cod - bacalao combine - combinar confectioner's custard - crema pastelero conger eel - congrio consistency -consistencia cook - cocinar cooked ham - jamón York cookie - galleta

cottage cheese - requesón

cornflour - harina de maíz

cover - cubrir crackling - (crisp pork rind) piel crujiente y tostada del cerdo asado crab - cangrejo - S.Amer (m) jaiba cranberry - arándano (rojo y agrio) crayfish - (mar) langosta (pequeña), cigala (Río) cangrejo de río cream - nata cream - (single cream) crema líquida, nata líquida cream - (double cream) nata para montar cream - (whipped cream) nata montada crisps - patatas fritas crispy - crujiente, crocante crouton - cuscurro

cupcake - magdalena

cumin - comino

D

dash - chorrito dent - hueco dessert - postre diced - cortar en cuadritos diet - (special food) régimen, dieta diet - to be/go on a diet -estar/ponerse a régimen dietician, dietitian - dietista, experto en dietética digestive biscuit - galleta integral dill - eneldo dining hall - refectorio dining room - comedor dining-room table - mesa de comedor dinnertime - hora de cenar,comer,almorzar dip - sumergir dip - salsa para acompañar los diferentes bocaditos que se sirven con el aperitivo, en una fiesta etc dish - plato dogfish - cazón dot with - poner trocitos encima dough - masa doughnut - donut, rosquilla drain - escurrir dress - (salad) aliñar dressed crab - cangrejo preparado dressing - (noun) aliño drumstick (chicken) - muslo de pollo

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dry - secar duck - pato E edge - borde egg - huevo eggcup - huevera eggnog - ponche de huevo, flip, rompón, rompope eggplant - berenjena egg timer - reloj de arena (de tres minutos) egg white - clara de huevo egg yolk - yema de huevo empty - vaciar enchilada - enchilada endives - endibias F fennel - hinojo fillets - filetes filling - relleno finely - en trozos menudos fish - pescado flatten - aplastar/aplanar flesh - carne flour - harina foam - espuma food - comida food coloring - colorante alimenticio foodstuffs - productos alimenticios, comestibles fold - doblar fold sth INTO sth - incorporar algo A algo fork - (noun) tenedor freeze - congelar freezer - congelador french fries - patatas fritas french toast - torrija, torreja, biscote fridge - frigorífico frozen - congelado fruit - fruta fry - freír fry ... until soft - pochar frying pan - sartén G garlic - ajo garnish - guarnición

gelatine - gelatina get rid of - quitar gherkins - pepinillo ginger - jengibre glaze - n. glaseado v. glasear golden - dorado goose - ganso gooseberry - grosella espinosa, uva espina goosefish (angler fish) - rape goulash - estofado al estilo húngaro gourmet - gourmet, gastrónomo gradually - lentamente Granary bread / flour - con granos de trigo malteado granulated sugar - azúcar granulada, grape - uva grapefruit - pomelo grated - rallado gravy - salsa (hecha con el jugo de la carne) gravy boat - salsera grease - grasa greased - engrasado grease - (with butter) enmantequillar, untar con mantequilla grease - (with oil) aceitar greaseproof paper - papel encerado or parafinado, greaseproof paper - papel manteca (RPl), papel mantequilla gray mullet - lisa, mújol greedy - (for food, drink) glotón, angurriento greengage - ciruela claudia greengrocer - verdulero green pepper - pimiento verde green beans - habichuelas (Méx) ejote griddle - plancha gridiron - parrilla ground - molido, pulverizado grill - gratinar grill - asar a la parrilla or a las brasas grind - machacar gristle - cartílago groundnut - cacahuete (Méx) cacahuate gruel - gachas guava - guayaba H haddock - abadejo hake - merluza halve - dividir en dos, partir por la mitad ham - jamón handful - puñado hang - (game) manir hard-boiled egg - huevo duro

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hare - liebre heart (of cabbage, lettuce) - cogollo hearts of artichoke - corazones de alcachofas heat - calentar herb -hierba herb garden - herbario herring - arenque high heat - fuego fuerte honey - miel honeydew melon - melón (de pulpa verdosa muy dulce) hot dog - perro or perrito caliente, pancho I ice cream - helado icing sugar - azúcar glace ingredients - ingredientes instead of - en vez de J jam - mermelada jam jar - tarro para mermelada jelly - (as dessert) gelatina jelly - (clear jam) jalea jelly - (savory) gelatina, aspic jugged hare - estofado de liebre juice - jugo/zumo juicy - jugoso junket - leche cuajada junk food - comida basura, porquerías julienne - juliana K kidney beans - alubias rojas kidney - riñon kipper - arenque kitchen - cocina kitchen foil - papel de aluminio kitchen sink - fregadero kitchenware - artículos de cocina kitchen tissue - papel de cocina kiwi - un kiwi knife - cuchillo knife grinder - afilador knob of butter - nuez de mantequilla knucklebone - (of pork) hueso de codillo knucklebone - (of veal) hueso de caña

kumquat - naranjita china, kumquat, quinoto L ladles - cucharones lamb - cordero lard - manteca, grasa de cerdo larder - despensa layer - capa layer - poner en capas leaf - hoja leaves - hojas leeks - puerros lemon - limón lentils - lentejas lettuce - lechuga lid - tapadera light - encender lima bean - frijol lime - lima liquidise - triturar liver - higado loaf - barra M marrow - calabaza main course - plato principal, segundo plato marinade, marinate - dejar en adobo, marinar mash - hacer puré mature - (cheese, wine, whisky) añejo mayonnaise - mayonesa mead - hidromiel, aguamiel measuring cup - taza para medir measuring jug - jarra graduada measuring spoon - cuchara de medir meat - carne

medium-sized - de tamaño mediano

meatball - albóndiga meathook - gancho de carnicero

melt - derretir melted - derretido melting point - punto de fusión milk - la leche milk shake - batido, (de leche) milky - lechoso ‹ coffee / tea › con mucha leche mince - carne picada minced beef - ternera picada mince pork - cerdo picado mint - menta mix - mezclar mixer - (food mixer) - batidora

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mixing bowl - bol, tazón molasses - melazaf monkfish - rape mortar - mortero muffin - (US) mollete (bollo dulce hecho con huevos) (UK) bollo de pan que suele servirse tostado mulberry - mora (de morera) mushrooms- champiñones mussels - mejillones mustard - mostaza N nectarine - nectarina noodles - tallarines non-fattening - no engordante a nosh up - comilona nourishing - adj nutritivo nutmeg - nuez moscada O oats - copos de avena offal - despojos, asaduras, achuras, oil - aceite oil - engrasar omelette - (only eggs) = tortilla francesa omelette - (with potatoes) = tortilla onion - cebolla olive - aceituna olive oil - aceite de oliva orange - naranja oregano - orégano oven - horno ovenproof - de horno ounce - onza (28,35 gramos) oxtail - rabo de buey oyster - ostra, ostión P pan - cazo pancake - crepe paprika - pimentón parsley - perejil partridge - perdiz pasta - pasta pasty - empanada, empanadilla pâté, pate - paté

pea - guisante, chícharo (Méxican) peach - melocotón, durazno (AmL) peanut - cacahuete, maní peanut butter - mantequilla de cacahuete pearl barley - cebada perlada pecan - (nut) pacana, nuez (Méx) peel - pelar peeled - pelado pepper - pimienta peppercorns - granos de pimienta pie - empanada, pastel, (hojaldre relleno de carne, verduras o fruta) pinch - pizca pine kernels - piñones pizza - pizza pineapple - piña plum - ciruela poached - escalfado poppyseed - semilla de amapola pork - cerdo pork fat - tocino potato peeler - cosa para pelar patatas potato starch - fécula potatoes - patatas pour - verter prawns - gambas preservative - conservante preserve - conservar preserve (jam, jelly) confitura, mermelada preserve (fruit in syrup) (BrE) conserva pretzel - galleta salada (generalmente en forma de 8) prune - ciruela (seca) pudding - budín, pudín, pudding; (postre) puff pastry - hojaldre pulses - alubias pumpkin - calabaza (peru) zapallo purée - puré Q quail - codorniz quartered - cortado en cuatro quince - membrillo quince cheese/jelly - dulce de membrillo R rabbit - conejo radish - rábano raisin - pasa (de uva) rare - (meat) poco hecho

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raw - crudo recipe - receta recipe book - recetario red pepper - pimiento rojo red mullet - salmonete reduce - reducir refried beans - frijoles refritos remove - quitar rennet - cuajo rennin - rennina rest - descansar return - volver rhubarb - ruibarbo ribs - costillas rice - arroz rind - cáscara rinse - limpiar con agua ripe - maduro roast - asado/asar roast beef - rosbi roe - hueva roll - rollito roll out - aplanar rosemary - romero rub - frotar S saffron - azafrán sage - salvia salmon - salmón salt cod - bacalao salado salt - sal salted - salado sandwich (with Spanish bread) - bocadillo sandwich toaster - sandwichera sardines - sardinas sauce - salsa saucepan - cazo sausage - salchicha sausage meat - carne de salchicha sausage roll - salchicha envuelta en hojaldre sauté - saltear scald - escaldar scallion (young onion) - cebolleta, cebollín, cebolla de verdeo, chalote, chalota scrambled egg - huevos revueltos sea bream - besugo seal - sellar seafood - mariscos seasoning - condimento season with salt - sazonar

season with salt and pepper - salmpimentar seeds - semillas self-raising - harina con levadura (Esp), leudante (RPl) sieve - tamizar shallot - cebolleta shapes - formas shellfish - mariscos shells - cáscaras sherry - jerez shopping list - lista de la compra shoulder - (cut of meat) paletilla, paleta shrimp - (large) langostino, camarón shrimp - (medium) camarón, gamba, langostino shrimp - (small) camarón, quisquilla side - lado silver foil - papel de aluminio sieve - tamiz, cedazo, cernidor simmer - cocinar a fuego lento sirloin steak - solomillo skim - desnatar skimmed milk - leche desnatada skin - n. piel / v. pelar skinned - pelado sliced - en trozos sliced bread - pan de molde slotted spoon - espumadera smear - untar smoked - ahumado snack - un tentempié, un refrigerio snack - (to have a snack) comer algo ligero snail - caracol soak - remojar soft drink - refresco (bebida no alcohólica) sour - agrio sour cream - nata agria soy sauce - salsa de soja spaghetti - espaguetis spare ribs - costillas spicy - picante spinach - espinacas spoon - cucharada spoon - sacar con cuchara sprig - ramita sprinkle - salpicar squeeze - exprimir squid - calamar stale bread - pan duro stalk - tallo steak - bistec steamer - vapor stew - estofado stiff - espeso stir-fry - freír stock - caldo

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strain - colar strainer - colador strawberry - fresa streaky bacon - tocino entreverado strips - tiritas stuff - rellenar stuffing - relleno suckling pig - lechón (cochinillo) sugar - azucar sultana - pasa sultana sweet - dulce sweet and sour - agridulce sweet basil - albahaca sweetbreads -mollejas, lechecillas sweetcorn - maíz tierno, elote (Méx), choclo (AmS), jojoto (Ven) sweeten - endulzar, azucarar sweetener - endulzante sweet potato - boniato , batata , camote (Andes, Méx)

syrup - (sugar solution) almíbar

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sweet-toothed - goloso

T tablespoon - cuchara (grande o de servir) tangerine - mandarina, tangerina tamal - tamale (ground maize and sometimes meat or a sweet filling wrapped in a banana or maize leaf) tartar sauce - salsa tártara taste - sabor teaspoon - cucharita, cucharilla tender - tierno tenderloin steak- solomillo tepid - tibio thick - grueso, espeso thicken - espesar thickness - espesura, grueso thinly slice - cortar en lonchas finas thoroughly - completamente thyme - tomillo tie - atar tin - lata tinned - en lata toasted - tostado tofu - tofu, queso de soja tomatoes - tomates topping - lo que se pone encima de una base toss - (salad) mezlar (pancake) dar la vuelta transfer - transferir transparent - trickle - chorrear un poco trim - cortar tripe - mondongo, callos, pancita, guatitas

trout - trucha tuna - atún turkey - pavo, guajalote(Méx) turn - dar la vuelta turn off - apagar unleavened (bread)- pan ázimo, pan sin levadura V vanilla essence - esencia de vainilla vinegar - vinagre veal - ternera (de animal muy joven y de carne pálida) venison - (carne de) venado vodka - vodka W walnuts - nueces (de california) warm - calentar wash - lavar watercress - berro wedge - pedazo grande whipped cream - nata montada whisk - batir whole - entero wild boar - jabalí wipe - limpiar con un paño Y yolks - yemas Yorkshire pudding - masa horneada a base de leche, huevos y harina que se sirve tradicionalmente con el rosbif Z zest - cáscara, peladura zucchini - calabacín,calabacita, zapallito

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