LLEEAARRNN WWEESSTT KKEEWWAA

by

Karl Franklin Joice Franklin

and Yapua Kirapeasi

First published 1973

Revised and prepared for web publication

2008

Table of contents

Preface 2 Lesson 1 Going to the Garden 4 Lesson 2 More about the Garden 6 Lesson 3 Going to the House 8 Lesson 4 Going to the Store 10 Lesson 5 At the Store 12 Lesson 6 Building a House 14 Lesson 7 Cooking Food 16 Lesson 8 Looking for Work 18 Lesson 9 More about Looking for Work 20 Lesson 10 The Agricultural Officer Buys Coffee 22 Lesson 11 Going to the Aid Post 24 Lesson 12 Paying Taxes 26 Lesson 13 Court about Land 28 Lesson 14 More Court about Land 30

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PREFACE We originally published these lessons in West Kewa, Tok Pisin and English to help literates of the West Kewa language learn useful phrases in Pidgin and English. I (Karl Franklin) have revised web version of the lessons to help outsiders learn West Kewa. The dialect now (2008) has about 45,000 speakers, who live in the Kagua Sub-District, Southern Highlands District, Papua New Guinea. The lessons in this version represent a dialect spoken by people in the Kagua Sub-District, called “West Kewa” (WK), which differs from Kewapi (East Kewa) or Pole (South Kewa). We have written WK in the standard Kewa orthography, which is uniform between the East and West dialects. In the original book, the English was written in two ways: (1) as the Kewa people would speak it, that is using their own sound system, and (2) in the standard English orthography. The English given in this book attempts to be a free, non-literal translation of Kewa and we have omitted the Tok Pisin equivalents in this edition. The following pronunciation guide matches the Kewa sounds with their nearest English equivalents: aa as in father l as in allure (said quickly) a as in canoe m as in man e as in able n as in not i as in even p as in spot (lips not touching) o as in over r as in atom (said quickly) u as in shoot s as in sip b as in lumber t as in stop (no aspiration) d as in under w as in west g as in skate (tongue back) y as in yes (tongue forward) k as in kin Notice that Kewa does not have the sounds written in English with /h/, /ch/, /sh/, and /th/. Some people have difficulty pronouncing English clusters of consonants because Kewa word patterning does not allow two contiguous consonants.

Each lesson is in dialogue form on a particular topic, followed by a vocabulary list and drills that use substitution words based on sentences from the dialogue. First Published 1973 Summer Institute of Linguistics Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea

By Karl Franklin, Joice Franklin, and Yapua Kirapeasi

Revised and prepared for web publication 2008 by Karl Franklin

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Lesson 1

Maapu Agaa Going to the Garden Ne aapara pui? Where are you going?

Ni maapupara pulu. I’m going to the garden.

Maapu aapara ya? Where is the garden?

Maapu nopara ia. The garden is down there.

Go maapuri aapina ya? Whose garden is it?

Go maapuri nina yade It is my garden.

Nere ake meali? What do you want to get?

Ni sapi awala pulu. I want to get sweet potatoes.

Ne sapi akepu raapo meali? How many sweet potatoes do you want to get? Neme nu laapo rubini mealua. I want to get two net bags full. Gore abi pope. All right, you can go.

Vocabulary and Drills ne you ni I maapu garden sapi sweet potatoes nu net bag pora road ipa water

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besaa beans raapara bush go oyae something ada house Ni mula pulu I want to get Ni maapu pulu. I am going to the garden. Ni raapara pulu. I am going to the bush. Ni poranini pulu. I am going along the road. Maapu aapara ia? Where is the garden? Ada aapara aya? Where is the house? Ipa aapara pia? Where is the water? Ni sapi mula. I want to get sweet potatoes. Ni besaa mula pulu. I want to get beans. Ni go oyae mula pulu. I want to get something.

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Lesson 2

Maapu Agaa Medaloma More about the Garden Nere aapara polalo pi? Where do you want to go? Naa maapupara pulu. I’m going to my garden Akeane nena maapu pui? Why are you going to your garden? Ni eta nape oyaenu mula pulu. I want to get something to eat. Nere ake mula pui pae? What do you want to get? Ni aai medaloma rata pulu. I want to get some bananas. Aai aapara etea pae? Where are the bananas? Nina maapunini etea. They are in my garden. Neme oyae medaloma wala meali pae? Will you get something else? Diaga aai padane mula pulu. No. I will only get bananas.

Vocabulary and Drills aai bananas nena your medaloma some oyae medaloma something else padane only (one) mea to get pore mountain repena kaapu firewood lasa rice tarasisi trousers

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aapa father aapara where Nina maapupara pulu. I am going to the garden. Ni pore madaa pulu I am going to the mountain Ni so Kaguapara pulu. I am going to Kagua. Ni oyae medaloma mula pulu. I want to get something. Ni repena kaapu rita pulu. I want to get some firewood. Niri lasa medaloma mula pulu. I want to get some rice. Aai aapara etea? Where are the bananas? Ada aapara aya? Where is the house? Tarasisi aapara ia? Where are the trousers? Nena aapa aapara pia? Where is your father?

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Lesson 3

Adapara Pope Agaa Going to the House Ne aapara polalo pui? Where do you want to go? Ni adapara pulu. I’m going to the house. Ada aapara aya? Where is the house? Ada nopara aya. The house is down there. Go ada aapina ya? Whose house is it? Gore nina ada. It is my house. Nere ake pulalo pui? Why are you going? Ni u patula peadaa pulu. I want to go to sleep. Aarabu ne wala epali pae? When will you come back again? Ni ekeraa wala epalua. I’ll come back tomorrow. Gore nena abi pope. All right, you can go.

Vocabulary and Drills adapara in/to the house aapina ya whose is it u pata sleep aarabu when wala epali you will come back again ekeraa tomorrow niaa our ama mother

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niaa luabu we all tesini station orope later ribaa tonight Go adare aapina ya? Whose house is it? Niaana ada. It is our house. Aapana ada. It is father’s house. Tesini ada. It is the station’s house. Ni u patula pulu. I want to go to sleep. Ama u patula polalo pia. Mother wants to go to sleep. Niaa luabu u patula polalo pima. We all want to go to sleep. Ni ekeraa wala epalua. I will come back tomorrow. Ni orope wala epalua. I will come back later. Ni ribaa wala epalua. I will come back tonight.

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Lesson 4

Situapara Pope Agaa Going to the Store Nipuri aapara puaa? Where did he go? Nipu situapara puaa. He went to the store. Situare aapara aya pae? Where is the store? Situare mo poranane aya. The store is beside the road. Nipu situapara ake pula puaa pae? Why did he go to the store? Nipu oyae meda mulalo puaa He wanted to get something. Nipu ake mulalo pia pae? What did he want to get? Nipumi lasa kabolalo puaa. He wanted to buy rice. Nipu aarabu wala epalia pae? When will he come back again? Nipu aebo wala epalia. He will come back this afternoon.

Vocabulary and Drills situa store nipu he puaa he went poranane beside the road kaba buy aebo afternoon. adare place/ village meda another ada look for/ see

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asapa find nimu they na eat nimi you all Nipu situapara puaa. He is going to the store. Nipu adarepara puaa. He is going to his place. Nipu su medapara puaa. He is going to another place. Nipu oyae medaloma mulalo pia. He wants to get something. Nipu oyae medaloma adolalo pia. He wants to look for something. Nipu oyae medaloma asa pulalo pia. He wants to find something. Nipumi lasa kabolalo pia. He wants to buy rice. Nimumi lasa mulalo pimi./ They want to get rice. Nimiri lasa nolalo pimi. You want to eat rice.

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Lesson 5

Situapara Oyae Kabape Agaa At the Store Nere ake raana pea pae? What do you want? Niri tini pe mula pulu. I want to get a saucepan. Adaape yapae ogesi yapae? A big one or a little one.; Ni oge tini pe raana pea. I want a little saucepan. Go madare mone akepu raapo meali pae? How much money is this one? Gore mone ini supu mealua. It is fifty centers. (50c) Niri laapo mealua kone salo. I think I’ll have two of them. Gore madaga meaina. All right then, you take them. Laapore mone yoto akepu raapo yapae? How much are two of them? Tene yo yade. One dollar. ($1.00) Go mada. That’s all.

Vocabulary and Drills tini pe saucepan adaape big ogesi little akepu raapo how much mone ini supu fifty cents laapo two pileti adaa bowl yayone thin

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pepena pi fat na drink noria carry/ fill (liquid) koya paba pour out Ni tini pe mula pulu. I want to get a saucepan. Ni pileti adaa mula pula. I want to get a bowl (large plate). Ni ti suka medaloma mula pulu. I want to get some tea and sugar. Adaape yapae ogesi yapae? Big or little? Adaape yapae pepena pi yapae? Big or fat? Adaape yapae yayone yapae? Little or thin? Ni ipa nola pulu. I am going to get a drink of water. Ni ipa norita pulu. I am going to carry the water. Neme ipa koyo rubala pulu. I am going to pour out the water.

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Lesson 6

Ada Pape Agaa Building a House Nere ake pi? What are you doing? Nina ada pi. I’m building a house. Gore aapina ada ya? Whose house is it? Go adare nina yade. It is my house. Go adare ora epeta. It is a good house. Ekeraare ada daa rialua. Tomorrow I’ll get the posts. Ada daare aapara aya? Where are the posts? So raapara aya. They are in the bush. Go raaparare aapina yapae? Whose bush is it? Raare nina maena. It is my uncle’s bush. Gore neme meaina. All right, you can get it.

Vocabulary and Drills pa do, make epeta good ada daa posts mae uncle repena wood poa chop rekepa cut kabe wild cane

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mapata lay down sa put Ni ada pi. I am building a house. Neme repena kabalo. I am buying wood. Neme repena poalo. I am chopping wood. Ni repena rekepi. I am cutting wood. Ada daa aapara aya? Where are the house posts? Kabe aapara aya? Where is the grass? Pe aapara aya? Where is the bamboo? Gore neme meaina. All right, you get it. Gore repena mapataina. All right, you lay it down. Gore adapara mea saina. All right, you put it in the house.

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Lesson 7

Eta Irape Agaa Cooking Food Nere ake pali? What are you going to do? Neme eta iraato. I’m cooking food (for someone). Neme aapina eta eraate pae? Whose food are you cooking? Nina akuana eta iraato. I am cooking food for my

grandfather. Nena akua aapara pia. Where is your grandfather? Nipu su medapara pia. He is in another place. Nemere ake piane eta iriti? What kind of food are you cooking? Neme aaipara enapara sapipara iritu. I’m cooking bananas, fish and sweet potatoes. Ake piane tini pepara iriti? What kind of saucepan are you cooking it in? Neme go oge tini pepara iritu. I’m cooking it in a little saucepan. Gore epetaga neme gopara iraina. Good, you do it there.

Vocabulary and Drills eta food ira cook akua grandfather ake piane what kind ena fish adami aa friend so madaa up

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runane inside nabisi coast pa make, do madia ya finish Nena akua aapara pia? Where is your grandfather? Nena adami aa aapara pia? Where is your friend? Yoaane aapara pia? Where is John? Nipu su medapara pia. He is in another place. Nipu so rudu madaa aya. He is up on the mountain. Nipu ada runane pia. He is inside the house. Nipu nabisipara aya. He is at the coast. Epetaga neme wariaina. Good, you can do it. Epetaga neme paina. Good, you can make it. Epetaga neme madia yape. Good, you can finish it.

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Lesson 8

Kogono Asapape Agaa Finding Work Ne aba epae? Have you come? E ni aba epawade. Yes, I have come. Ne aapara epae? Where have you come from? Ni adarepara epawa. I came from my place. Akeane ne epae? Why have you come? Ni kogono asapula epawa. I came to find work. Ake piane kogono pini pae? What kind of work? Neme eta mada iritu. I can cook food. Nina eta irape aa pa pia. I’ve got a cook to cook food. Ni maapu kogono pula pulu. I want to work in the garden. Gore epetaga nina maapu kogono paina. All right then, you can work in my garden.

Vocabulary and Drills ipu come aba epade came before adarepara from/at my place kogono work eta irape aa cook kogono pape aa helper naia don’t have napula won’t go

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pinawa never mind mada dia can’t e yes E, ni adarepara epawa. Yes, I came from my place. Dia, ni adarepara naepawa. No, I didn’t come from my place. Nina kogono pape aa pia. I have a helper. Nina kogono pape aa napia. I don’t have a helper. Neme maapu kogono pula pulu. I am going to work in the garden Neme maapu kogono napula pulu. I am not going to work in the garden. Mada ne maapu kogono paina. All right, you can work in the garden. Pinawa ne maapu kogono napaina. Never mind, you can’t work in the garden. Neme eta mada iritu. I have cooked food. Neme eta mada nairitu. I haven’t cooked food.

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Lesson 9

Kogono Asapape Agaa Medaloma More about Finding Work Ne aba epae? Have you come? E, ni aba epawade. Yes, I have come. Aarabu ne epae? When did you come? Ni aebo epawa. I came in the afternoon. Nena bi aapi ya? What is your name? Nina bi Kirape. My name is Kirape. Mada ni pagalo. All right, I hear it. Niri kogono naia. I don’t have work. Nere ake kogono pini pae? What kind of work can you do? Ni lapalapa mada radepealua. I will be able to wash clothes. Madaga neme nina kogono paina. All right, you can work for me.

Vocabulary and Drills aarabu what time bi name paga hear radepea wash lapalapa clothes abala yesterday yai adaape a big storm

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egele pa weave cane poa plant repena wai seedlings Ni aebo epawa. I came this afternoon. Ni abala epawa. I came yesterday. Niri yai adaape epawa. I came in the storm. Niri pani pea rabu epawa. I came in nice weather. Niri kogono naia. I don’t have work. Ni eta naia. I don’t have food. Ni repena kaapu naia. I don’t have firewood. Neme lapalapa mada radepealua. I will be able to wash clothes. Neme egele mada palua. I will be able to weave cane. Neme repena wai mada poalua. I will be able to plant trees.

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Lesson 10

Dirimanome Kopi Kabape Agaa The Government Officer Buys Coffee Maali akua akepu raapo nena kopi wai How long ago did you plant your poasi pae? coffee? Maali padane aba popea. I planted it a year ago. Nena kopiri aapara poae pae? Where did you plant your coffee? Nina mo maapupara poayo. I planted it in my garden. Abiare neme kabano kopi medaloma nena Do you have coffee in your house for adapara ia pae? me to buy? E, iaga kabaina. Yes, come and buy it. Go nena kopi maapu adola bana. Aaga go Let’s go look at your coffee. Is it repara poaeye pae? planted close by? Aage go maapupara poayoga adola bana. Yes, it is close by. Let’s go look at it. Ne aarabu wala kopi kabola epali? When will you come back again to buy coffee? Sarara repo pirua maalame kabola epalua. In four weeks I will come back again to buy it.

Vocabulary and Drills kopi coffee maali year bana let’s go ada look at repara close by sarara week

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maala four supu five rata pick ada look/ see agaa la talk Maali padane aba popea. It was planted a year ago. Maali maala aba popea. It was planted four years ago. Maali supu aba popea. It was planted five years ago. Nena kopi maapu adola bana. Let’s go look at your coffee. Nena kopi ini rata bana. Let’s go pick your coffee. Wala kabola epalua. I will come back again to buy it. Wala adola epalua. I will come back again to see it. Wala agaa lagula epalua. I will come back again to talk about it.

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Lesson 11

Dokesaana Agaa Going to the Aid Post Abiare nena yainare akepua omae pae? What is making you sick? Aalu tua kekapu yaina ome. I have a headache and fever. Gore nena yaina aarabu ada meae pae? When did you get sick? Abalade ada meawa. Yesterday I got sick. Ama, go naakina yaina ora adaapega akolo Mother, you son is very sick. Why aipapulu namea epae pae? didn’t you come quickly? Gore nina su adaalupara yalo abi namea epawa. I didn’t come quickly because my place is far away. Gore nipu so Kagua siki-adapara abia mada Can I send him to Kagua hospital mea penatoa pae? now? Dia, abia nipuna sapi madiata pulu. No, first I want to get some sweet potatoes for him. Gore go naaki mulamula katoa pare ekeraa All right, I will give him some Kagua sikiada mea pulupape. medicine now. Tomorrow you take

him to the Kagua hospital. E, ekeraa Kagua sikiada mea palima. Yes, tomorrow we will take him to

the Kagua hospital.

Vocabulary and Drills yaina sick aalu tea headache kekapu fever aipapulu quickly mulamula medicine siki-ada hospital

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robaa no stomach ache robaa kululu lo diarrhea suti injection banisi bandage yaina ora adaape very sick naniminaato I don’t know Aalu tua yaina ome. I have a headache Robaa noa yaina ome. I have a stomachache Robaa kululu loa yaina ome. I have diarrhea. Mulamula katoa. I will give him medicine. Suti katoa. I will give him an injection. Banisimi rogaalua. I will bandage him. Nena yaina ora adaape. You are very sick. Nena yaina ogesi. You aren’t very sick. Nena yaina naniminaato. I don’t understand what is making you sick.

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Lesson 12

Tagisi Kabape Agaa Paying Taxes Go aa nena biri naia. We don’t have your name. Abade ne aapara tagisi kabesi pae? Where di dyou pay your tax before? Nina so Uma kabesu. I paid tax in Uma before. Abia nina go ada Usa kabalua. Now I want to pay in Usa. Abiare go aa nena naaki nipu tagisi mada Now your son should pay taxes. kabalia. Nipu aapara aya pae? Where is he? Nipuri oge naaki yapulu sukulupara pia. He is a little boy so he is in school. Gore nimimi go tagisi kabeme monena rere Do you all understand why you pay niminaaeme pae? taxes? Ora waru naniminaaemaga lagi kone salo. We really don’t understand so you should tell us. Gore nimina tagisi moneme go dokesaanupara Tax money helps pay for doctors, tisaanupara go pora kogonopara ipa ropara go teachers, road work, bridges and tarakeme ipa mu madita epea rabu page go trucks to carry sand. moneme raba muaya. Kadipiya abiare niaana onagae yomagaenu Sir, we have many old people. adaapu pimi. Nimimi rabameape poranu meda ia pae? Do you have some way to help them? Gore nimi go piane onaanumi nipara agaa All right, if people who are old like mealimiri gore neme nipuna pora mada this tell me, I will look for some way asapalua. to help them. Go agaare ora epeta. That is good to hear. Orope tagisi meama epalimide raburi mone When you come back again we will waru pagasa piralima. really save money for taxes.

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Vocabulary and Drills

tagisi kaba pay taxes ipa ro bridges tarake truck ipa mu sand onagae yomagae old people raba mea help adaa naaki big boy kogono napia doesn’t work yomagae old man onagae old woman nogo naaki children Aapara tagisi kabesi pae? Where did you pay taxes? Aapara tarake kabesi pae? Where did you buy the truck? Aapara mulamula kabesi pae? Where did you buy the medicine? Nipuri oge naaki yapulu Because he is a little boy. Nipuri adaa naaki yapulu kogono pia. Because he is a big boy,he works. Nipuri yomagae yapulu kogono napia. Because he is an old man, he doesn’t work. Nipuri onagae yapulu oge kogono pia. Because she is an old woman, she

does a little work. Onagae yomagaenu adaapu pimiga There are many old people so you rabameape. should help them. Nogo naakinu adaapu pimiga rabameape. There are many children so you

should help them.

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Lesson 13

Su Madaa Koso Lape Agaa Court about Land Abia go kosore aapimi marekateme pae? Who is bringing this to court? Go pimi aa ruru lapome. These two groups are. Go Usa Puti aa lapome tama. We from Usa and Puti will talk. Gore aapimi aba rekoa teme? Who will talk first? Niaa Usame aba lamanaloa wala Puti We from Usa will talk first and then aanu teme. the Puti men will talk. Gore abade nimina akuanu pirisimi raburi How many land boundaries did your su robo akepu isimi pae? ancestors have? Niaame su robo naisima. We didn’t have boundaries. Niaame padanepara one pirala mone We as one group lived in many pirala pisima. places. Gore yada pisimi raburi ane aa ora pabo When you had your fight before who tisimi pae? was chased away? Niaame Puti aa ora pabo tisima. We chased away the Puti men. Goa puare go yada pisimi raburi go suri Then who looked after the land? aapimi surubisa pae? Gore niaa Usa aanumi pa surubesima. We from Usa looked after it. Goa puare nimu ora mo Mendi lainane They went away towards Mendi. penasima.

Vocabulary and Drills aanu men aba first/ before

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su land robo boundary akuanu ancestors pabo tisimi chased away nogo girl kogono palia will work kogono pisa worked palipi they two will go menanu pigs lapo both Usa Puti aa lapome tame. Both Usa and Puti men talked. Nogo naaki lapome kogono pipi. The boy and girl are working. Onaa lapome palipi. The man and woman will go. One pirala mone pirala pisima. We lived in many places. Mendipara kogono pisima. We worked in Mendi. E maapu repara poaema. We planted the garden close by. Aapimi go su surubisa pae? Who looked after the land? Aapimi go menanu surubisa pae? Who looked after the pigs? Aapimi go kopinu surubisa pae? Who looked after the coffee?

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Lesson 14

Puti Aanu Koso Agaa More Puti Court about Land Gore abade go yada pisimina raburi nimiri When you fought before where did aapara pisimi pae? you go? Gore niaare aa adaa luabu tisimidaa su They killed all our chief men so we rado rado pogola pisima. ran away to many places. Gore pisimi raburi nimina suri ake pisimi When you ran away what did you pae? do? Abadere niaa padanepara pirisima. We lived as one group. Gore abiare ake palimi pae? What are you doing now? Abiare go su ora robo sali raburi niaa Now when you mark the boundaries niaana pawa piralima we will live peace. Abiare gore go Usa aanu, nimina su You Usa men, where is your robore gore aapara ia pae? boundary? No ipa Pudura madaa ia. It is at the Pudura river. Gore go Puti aanu nimina robore You Puti men, where is your aapara aya pae? boundary? Go ipa Upa madaa go iadaa. It is at the Upa river. Gore ni maarea. I don’t know what to do. Mogo su rikiraa pa ia pare su robo salua. I’ll make the boundary in the middle now. Walare su robo robo radonu page mada Later we will make boundaries in salima. many places.

Vocabulary and Drills tisimi killed aa adaa chief

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pogola ran away padanepara one group maarea don’t know rikiraa middle ame brother eperupa very well waerupa not good bulumagau cows aga pandanus trees aki sister Su rado rado pogola pisimi. They ran away to many places Nimuna amenuna supara pogola pisimi. They ran away to their brother’s place. Nimuna maapupara pogola pisimi. They ran away to their gardens. Niaa pawa pima. We live in peace. Nipu eperupa pirala. He is very well. Nimu waerupa piraleme. They are not good. Nimina su robo aapara ia pae? Where is your land boundary? Nimuna bulumagau aapara aya pae? Where are their cows? Nipuna aga aapara aya pae? Where are his pandanus trees? Nena aki aapara pia pae? Where is your sister?

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