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Learning and Culture Flourish. Section 8-4 pp. 262-268. Preview Questions. How did medieval universities advance learning? How did “new” learning affect medieval thought? What styles of art, literature, and architecture developed in the High Middle Ages? . Medieval Universities. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Learning and Culture Flourish
Section 8-4 pp. 262-268
Preview Questions
• How did medieval universities advance learning?
• How did “new” learning affect medieval thought?
• What styles of art, literature, and architecture developed in the High Middle Ages?
Medieval Universities
• Early Universities – Evolved from cathedral
schools established to train clergy members
– Organized like guilds • Charters protected rights of
members• Standards for training
Medieval Universities
• Student Life – Long hours and
harsh conditions – Focused on
memorization – Studied several
liberal arts – Could eventually
become a “master” of the arts
Medieval Universities
• Women and Education – Women were not allowed to
attend universities, which greatly limited their opportunities
– Christine de Pizan: Famous author who wrote The City of Ladies about the capabilities of women
– Women were expected to remain at home and use their “natural gifts”
Europeans Acquire “New” Learning
• Spread of Learning – Muslim scholars preserved “classic” works of
Greece– Jews in Spain translated these works into Latin,
sparking a new interest in learning
Europeans Acquire “New” Learning
• Philosophy – Christians struggled to
adopt Aristotle’s teachings of truth based on reason.
– Scholasticism • Using reason to support
religious beliefs • Popularized by St. Thomas
Aquinas’ Summa Theologica
Europeans Acquire “New” Learning
• Science and Math – Scientific progress was slow because some
knowledge conflicted with Church teachings – Mathematic advances were adopted from Arabic
culture
Europeans Acquire “New” Learning
• Medieval Literature – New writings appeared in the vernacular, or
everyday languages of ordinary people– Epics told stories of heroic deeds • Ex: Song of Roland and El Cid
– Dante’s Divine Comedy• Imaginary journey into hell and purgatory • Idea: Actions in this life determine fate in afterlife
– Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales• Tale of Christians on a pilgrimage • Characters represent different medieval social roles
Architecture and Art
• Romanesque Style – Thick Walls – Semi-circular arches – Towers – Dark and gloomy
Romanesque Cathedral in Lisbon, Portugal
Architecture and Art
• Gothic Style– Higher walls– Stained glass windows – Tall Spires – Supported by flying
buttresses – Intricate carvings – Gargoyles
Reims Cathedral in France
Flying Buttresses of Cathedral Notre Dame de Chartres
East View of Notre Dame de Paris and Its Flying Buttresses
Gargoyles outside of Notre Dame de Paris
North Rose Window Inside Notre Dame de Paris
Illuminated Manuscripts
• Illumination: Artistic decoration of books
Illustration of the Annunciation from the Book of Hours