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Learning Objectives
Explain, with the use of diagrams, the process of Explain, with the use of diagrams, the process of breathingbreathing
Examine Respiratory Tissue slides under the Examine Respiratory Tissue slides under the microscope and Identify tissue types within themmicroscope and Identify tissue types within them
Mechanism of breathing …
Movement of the ribcage and diaphragm ventilate the Movement of the ribcage and diaphragm ventilate the lungs.lungs.
This is important:This is important: Inspiration (inhalation) brings fresh supplies of OInspiration (inhalation) brings fresh supplies of O22 to to
maintain the Omaintain the O22 concentration gradient. concentration gradient.
Expiration (exhalation) removes waste air with its cargo Expiration (exhalation) removes waste air with its cargo of COof CO22 to maintain the CO to maintain the CO22 gradient. gradient.
Movement of respiratory gases is by diffusion so it is Movement of respiratory gases is by diffusion so it is driven by concentration differences.driven by concentration differences.
Inspiration External intercostal External intercostal
muscles contract, pulling muscles contract, pulling the ribcage upwards and the ribcage upwards and outwards.outwards.
Diaphragm contracts, Diaphragm contracts, pulling it from a domed to pulling it from a domed to a flattened shape.a flattened shape.
Combined effect is:Combined effect is: volume of the thorax and volume of the thorax and
lungs increaselungs increase pressure is reducedpressure is reduced air enters, goes down the air enters, goes down the
pressure gradient.pressure gradient.
Expiration - relaxed External intercostal External intercostal
muscles relax and the muscles relax and the ribcage falls under its own ribcage falls under its own weight.weight.
Diaphragm relaxes and Diaphragm relaxes and gut pressure pushes it gut pressure pushes it back into its domed shape.back into its domed shape.
Elastic recoil of lung Elastic recoil of lung tissue.tissue.
Combined effect is:Combined effect is: volume of the thorax and volume of the thorax and
lungs decreaselungs decrease pressure is increasedpressure is increased air is forced out.air is forced out.
Expiration - forced Internal intercostal Internal intercostal
muscles contract, pulling muscles contract, pulling the ribcage down and in.the ribcage down and in.
Abdominal muscle Abdominal muscle contracts pushing the contracts pushing the diaphragm upwards.diaphragm upwards.
Combined effect is:Combined effect is: volume of the thorax and volume of the thorax and
lungs decreaselungs decrease pressure is increasedpressure is increased air is forced out.air is forced out.
Exercise, singing, playing Exercise, singing, playing a wind instrument.a wind instrument.
To Do:
Draw diagrams to explain the process of Draw diagrams to explain the process of breathing.breathing.
Help yourself to a Microscope and examine slide Help yourself to a Microscope and examine slide of lung tissue under high magnification – What of lung tissue under high magnification – What tissues do you expect to see? Can you identify tissues do you expect to see? Can you identify some of these tissues?some of these tissues?
bronchiole and alveolar tissue bronchiole and alveolar tissue
Lumen Lumen or airwayor airway
Epithelium – ciliated Epithelium – ciliated in bronchiole but not in bronchiole but not respiratory respiratory bronchiolebronchiole
Smooth muscleSmooth muscle
Alveolar spaceAlveolar space
Capillary – blood vessels Capillary – blood vessels have been injected with have been injected with dyedye
Alveolar wall cell Alveolar wall cell (nucleus purplish (nucleus purplish stainstain))
TracheaTrachea
Blood vessel with Blood vessel with numerous blood cells numerous blood cells clearly visibleclearly visible
CiliaCilia
Goblet Goblet cellcell
Cartilage – Cartilage – chondrocytes clearly chondrocytes clearly visiblevisible
Ciliated Ciliated epitheliumepithelium
Smooth muscleSmooth muscle
Elastic tissueElastic tissue
PREP
The content of today’s lesson (found on page 46 The content of today’s lesson (found on page 46 – 49) to be written up, in the format of your – 49) to be written up, in the format of your choice, in your Prep Bookschoice, in your Prep Books
To be completed and checked by next lesson To be completed and checked by next lesson (Monday)(Monday)