Learning Theories Goal How do we learn behaviors through
classical conditioning?
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Learning is Relatively permanent Change in behavior Due to
experience Habituation lose sensitivity to repeated stimulus, even
if stimulus changes
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Associative Learning Learn that certain events occur together
Classical Conditioning: associate two stimuli together to
anticipate events Operant Conditioning: associate a behavior with a
good or bad result
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Ivan Pavlovs Experiment Studied digestion of dogs Learn to
salivate? Paired food w/neutral stimulus Dogs salivated to just the
neutral stimulus
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UR UC CR CS
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Classical Conditioning Acquisition the initial learning of
behavior
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Classical Conditioning Strength of CR Pause Acquisition
(CS+UCS) Extinction (CS alone) Extinction (CS alone) Spontaneous
recovery of CR
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Extinction Diminished response to CS
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John B. Watson & Little Albert
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxKfpKQzow8&feature=related
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Generalization - show CR to similar stimuli to CS
Discrimination only show CR to CS (can distinguish) Taste aversion
& classical conditioning US bad food (old, rotten) UR sick CS
smell of food, sight of food, restaurant where food was purchased
UR sick to CS Higher-order conditioning pair CS to w/new neutral
stimulus learner shows weaker CR to new CS
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Factors Influencing Classical Conditioning 1) How consistently
CS predicts UCS 2) Number of pairings of CS and UCS 3) Intensity of
UCS 4) Time between CS and UCS
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But what about? Cognitive processes? Learned helplessness
Alcohol & nauseating drug Pill taken to make alcoholics
nauseous at the first taste of alcohol when stop taking pill,
desire to drink returns because person knows the pill was the cause
of the nausea Biological predispositions? Garcia & Koelling
study associations may be adaptive (aversion to tastes, but not
sights or sounds)
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Biopsychosocial Influences on Learning Biological Genetic
predispositions Unconditioned responses Adaptive responses
Psychological Previous experiences Predictability of associations
Generalization Discrimination Social-Cultural Culturally learned
preferences Motivation, affected by presence of others
LEARNING