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Learning Theories
Jennie Barnett
Objectives
By the end of the next two sessions you will be able to: outline 3 learning theories
BehaviouristCognitiveHumanist
identify the key principles of each theory as applied to teaching and learning
Compare and contrast the theories
Behaviourist theory
J.B.Watson
Introspection‘tabula rasa’Science
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
PavlovClassical conditioningExperiments with digestive system in dogsLearning through associationReflexes
Behaviourist theory
Thorndike Instrumental learning Law of effect
B.F. Skinner Operant conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Behaviour Shaping Successive approximations to the goal
behaviourReinforcement
anything which increases desired behaviour
Reinforcement
Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous Reinforcement Fixed Ratio Reinforcement (FR) Fixed Interval Reinforcement (FI) Variable Ratio Reinforcement (VR) Variable Interval Reinforcement (VI):
Reinforcement
Positivegiving something good - increases desired
behaviour
Negativetaking away something bad - increases desired
behaviour
Punishmentapplying something bad - reduces
undesired behaviour
Programmed Learning 1
Learning should be fun.
However, in the early stages of learning a subject, students often make many errors.
Students do [ ] do not [ ] like to make errors?
Click in the correct box
Programmed Learning 2
The basic idea of programmed learning is that the most efficient, pleasant and permanent learning takes place when the student proceeds through a course by a large number of small, easy-to-take steps.
If each step the student takes is small, he/she
is[ ] is not [ ] likely to make errors
Gestalt Theory
Wertheimer, Kohler and KofflerThe whole is more than the sum of the partsInsight learning
transferability
Cognitive Theory
Jean PiagetInteraction with the environmentDevelopment of ‘schemata’Active nature of learningDiscovery learning
Cognitive Theory
Jerome Bruner (1966)Work
from the known to the unknownfrom the concrete to the abstract
Relate new knowledge to existing knowledgeSpiral curriculum
Humanist Theory
Carl RogersTotal personality
Malcolm KnowlesAndragogy
learning contracts