Lecture 1 Intro-Psyc of Learning

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PT31803

PSIKOLOGI PEMBELAJARAN

DAN KOGNISI

LECTURE 1

Introduction

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LEARNING

Defined as a relatively permanent change in

behavior, thoughts, or feelings as a result ofpractice or experience.

Learning also defined as a long-term change

in mental representations or associations asa result of experience.1. Learning is a long term change

2. Learning involves mental representations or associations

3. Learning is a change as a result of experience, rather

than result of physiological maturation.

The psychology of learning is a theoretical science

which seeks understanding oflearning.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning


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Some psychologists prefer that we define learning

as a change in behavior rather than a mental

change.

In fact, we can be confident that learning has

occurred only when we do see a behavior change.

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TYPESOF LEARNING

Associative Learning & Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Association between two stimuli

Operant Conditioning

Association between behavior and consequence

Observational Learning

Observing and imitating anothers behavior

Cognition Piaget

Vygotsky

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THE IMPORTANCEOF LEARNING

Little of our behavior is instinctive and so much of

it is learned, we are able to benefit from our

experiences.

We discover which actions are likely to lead to

successful outcomes and which are not, and we

modify our behavior accordingly.

Learning allows human beings a greater degree of

flexibility and adaptability.

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ASPECTSOFLEARNING

Some sort of change occurs.

Whatever is acquired lasts longer than a few

seconds.

Some sort of experience brings it about.

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WHENLEARNINGHASOCCURRED?

Performing a completely new behavior Changing the frequency of an existing

behavior

Changing the speed of an existingbehavior

Changing the intensity of an existingbehavior

Changing the complexity of an existingbehavior

Responding differently to a particularstimulus

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PRINCIPLESOFLEARNING

Identify certain factors that influence learning

and describe the specific effects that these factors

have.

Principles tell us whatfactors affect learning. Principles tend to be fairly stable over time.

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THEORIESOFLEARNING

Provide explanations about the underlyingmechanisms involved in learning.

Theories tell us why these factors have the

effects they do.

Theories continue to evolve as new researchfindings are reported.

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ADVANTAGESOFTHEORIES

1. Allow us to summarize the results ofmany research studies and integratenumerous principles of learning.

2. Provide starting points for conductingnew research.

3. Help us make sense of and explainresearch findings.

4. Help us design learning environmentsand instructional strategies thatfacilitate human learning to the greatestpossible degree.

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POTENTIALDRAWBACKSOFTHEORIES

1. No single theory explains everything that

researchers have discovered about learning.

2. Theories affect what new information ispublished, thereby biasing the knowledge we

have about learning.

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Learning is the process that allows us to adapt tothe changing conditions of the world around us.

We can alter our behavior that leads us to survival

and rewards.

Without learning, there would be no buildings, noagriculture and no human civilization.

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Summary

Documents

Lecture 1 Intro-Psyc of Learning