[Lecture-1] Introduction to Databases

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Lecture-1

Fall 2010


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Course Introduction Lecturer Introduction

Policies Q/A


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The desire to collect, organize, and easilyaccess information predates computer

technology Oral records

Written records (books)

Computers, like books, have altered the waywe collect, store, and retrieve information


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A database is a computer solution for fast,efficient, accurate, and secure data access

Play a crucial role in the growing dominance ofinternet-based technology

Used for a variety of purposes:

Online shopping

Driving directions

Class enrollment and online grades

Manufacturing company, Bank, Hospital


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Accounting Systems Point-of-Sale

Inventory Control Customer Information Systems (Customer

Relationship Management) Document Management Healthcare

Storage of any persistent data!


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Database is an organized collection ofrelated data that is stored in an efficient andcompact manner. Organized: data can be used easily

Related: Data related to onetopic. Data relate toeach other. An hospital database is different from

a manufacturing firm database. Efficient: User can search and retrieve data easily.

Compact: Stored data occupies as little space aspossible.


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The term datarefers to known facts that canbe recorded and preserved

Include text, graphics, images, and/or videoID Name Address City State

1 Andrew SW 16th

Ave Orlando FL

2 Robert 23rd

Terrace Boston MA

3 Bob 52nd Avenue Bronx NY

4 Lee Hung 52nd Avenue Albany NY

5 Richard 999 Palm Bay Detroit MI

6 Tony 15th Avenue Austin TX

Data in Context


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Informationis the processed data presentedin a form suitable for human interpretation

The same data can be processed in a variety ofways to generate different kinds of information

Data => Processing => Information

Information Pie Chart


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It is more meaningful than data and is usedfor making decision.

Example: Fact about student is data => List of students of

each batch is information.

GPA of students is data => GPA wise segregationof students is information


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DATA INFORMATION

Data Consists ofunprocessed raw facts

Information is theprocessed form of data

Data is used as input ofthe computer Information is theoutput of the computer

Data is not meaningful Information is

meaningful


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Metadata is data about data It is used to describe the properties and characteristics of

some other data.

It also includes the rules and constraints about data.

An additional description of data to be processed

Name Data Type Size Description

ID Number 4 Unique Student ID

Name Text 50 Student name

Address Text 200 Mailing Address

City Text 50 Residential City

State Text 2 Residential State

ZIP Number 5 ZIP Code

Metadata


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Fundamental object of the databasestructure. The basic purpose of the table is to

store data. Rows & Columns

Row is the horizontal part of the table

Column is the vertical part of the table


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The DBMS is a collection of programs thatare used to create, maintain, and provide

controlled access to the database. A DMBS provides a systemic method of creating,

updating, storing, and retrieving data in adatabase.

Also provides facilities for controlled data access

Documents

[Lecture-1] Introduction to Databases