Lecture 13 : 　 Nourishment study of time

Suprachiasmatic nucleusClock geneDay rhythmDiel rhythm

Retina

Pineal body

Paraventricular nuclei

Suprachiasmatic nuclei

intermediolateral

Spinal code(Thoracic spinal code)

Upper cervixsympathetic ganglia

１０ healthy customs

Maintenance of proper weight

Adequate sleeping (7-8hours)

Nutrient balancing

Decreasing salt intake (10g/ a day)

Non-smoking

Custom of eating breakfast

(Proposal for Japanese)Proposal from Dr.Breslau (US)

Adequate drinking

Restrict of meal between meals

Adequate exercise Decrease fat intake

(Within 25% of the total amount of energy)

Healthy, Japanese 21 middle evaluation results value

Target items（ Standard of index ）

Target Value of baseline

The middle result value

Target value

Deterioration

Increase people maintains proper weight（ Ratio of Obesity person ）

*40 ～ 74 Men MS ＞ 50%

*40 ～ 74 Women MS

20%

20’s ～ 60’s obesity men

24.3 ％ 29.0 ％ Less than 15%

20’s ～ 60’s obesity women

25.2 ％ 24.6 ％ Less than 20%

Deterioration

Steps in usual lifeMenWomen

8202 steps7282 stpes

7575 steps

6821steps

9200 steps8300 steps

Deterioration

Increase of vegetable intake （ Average intake amount a day ）

Adult292g ／ a

day267 ／日 350g or

more

Deterioration

Increase of food full calcium intake （ Adult ）（ Average intake amount a day ）

Milk, Dairy product 107g ／ a day

101g ／日＊＊

130g or more

Beans 76g ／ a day 65g ／日＊

＊

100g or more

Brightly colored vegetables

98g ／ a day 89g ／日＊

＊

120g or more

Deterioration

Decrease person don’t eat breakfast （ Ratio)

Junior and High school student

6.0 ％ 6.2 ％ 0 ％

Men （ 20-29 ） 32.9 ％ 34.3 ％ 15 ％ or mor

Men （ 30-39 ） 20.5 ％ 25.9 ％ Less than 15 ％

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 17th October 2006 * 8th March 2006 MS=Metabolic syndrome + reserve

The annual transition of an undernourished rate

of the breakfast deteriorates

　 Each class of sex and age 、 20 y.o. or more

0

10

20

30

1975 1985 1990 1998 20020

10

20

30

1975 1985 1990 1998 2002

Men Women（％） （％）

year yearCurrent state of national nourishment (2005) is modified

30-39

20-29

20-29

30-39

Annual transition of undernourished rate of breakfastThe healthy people and nutritional surveillance (2004)

Ris

e

Te

mp

ora

ry

de

cre

as

e

Total Menl Women

Undernourished rate of breakfast according to age of man and woman （ A lot in one person household ）

The healthy people and nutritional surveillance (2004)(Undernourished contains only the cake and the tablet)

20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 Above70 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 Above70

Men TotalSinglehome

SinglehomeTotalwomen

Half of people who eat breakfast every day are the following by 45.0%. From the person and 19 years old to 29 years old who becomes a member of

society in April, 2004

26.3

56.5

46.0

44.0

45.0

36.9

25.8

30.0

30.0

30.0

18.4

12.9

16.0

14.0

15.0

18.4

4.8

8.0

12.0

10.0

それ以外

親と同居

女 性

男 性

全 体

everyday 3-4times a week1-2times a week Not eat

0 20 40 60 80 100(%)

Kellog's Update(2000) is modified

Total

Men

Women

Living withparents

Others

Man and woman small difference 　 (2005.3)

Time goes to bed of high school students in J apan, US and China

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

befor

e 21

21-2

222

-23

23-0 0-

11-

2

after 2

No re

spon

d

Time goes to bed

Freq

uenc

y(%)

J apan

US

China

Sh

ortes

t in th

e wo

rldB

ath

ing

fo

r ma

kin

gShortning every year

＊ The cross country comparison is the Management and

Coordination Agency “ Statistics. "(Jul. 2006)

Transition of Japanese sleeping time 　（ The Management and Coordination Agency ）

Meal time

Sleeping time

Men have job Women have job

Time spends a little thing around myself

Sleeping

Me

al/

A little

thin

g

Time of average during week that contained weekend on weekday. One scale is the same 20 minutes though the level of the scale is different

“Social life basis investigation” (Ministry of Public Management,

Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications Statistics Bureau

Mortality rate according to healthy custom point according to age class

･ Maintenance of 　 normal weight･ Moderate exercise･ No smoking･ Drinking of proper　 quantity･ Custom of breakfast･ Limitation of eating 　 between meals･ Adequate sleep

Age when investigating （ Men ）

Death

rate

for n

ine y

ears

an

d a

h

alf

Promised

healthy custom point ＊

7 　 Healthy life customs

modified

Study time except school including cram school)（A small difference between boys and girls

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

4 or m

ore

no re

spon

se

Study time

Freq

uenc

y%)（

J apan

US

China

After it comes home, half the number of the high school student in Japan is not studied

Japan youth research institute, “Learning consideration and daily life of high school students”, Available from <http://www1.odn.ne.jp/youth-study/reserch/2005/shukei.pdf>, (accessed 2007-12-11)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Total 3,4th grade 5,6th grade J unior high High school

BoysGirls

Ratio where the youth in Japan feels lack of sleep（ Japanese Society of School Health : Health condition surveillance business report of child in 1992 fiscal year and student ）

（％）

Administering of glucose and the traffic accidentBreakfast activates the brain and prevents the accident

If breakfast is not taken, it is easy to get in a traffic accident. If the glucose is given, concentration is kept.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

35 70 110

対照

グルコース投与

Rate o

f acciden

t (Relative

value

）＊

(km ）

Keul, J. et al. Akt. Ernaehr. 7:7-14 (1982)

＊ Driving mis-overindex calculated with driving simulator

（ Fahrfehlerfaktor) is Accurate original xpression

The glucose administration

Contrast

Correlation of breakfast intake and result (It is an object as for the Jichi-

idai life of all dormitory system).

0

20

40

60

80

100

1978 1979

朝食摂取者朝食欠食者A

verage lan

k

（位）

The character, knowledge, and the skill after it educates methodically become preeminent though the deviation value of the solitary island and the remote rural area coming from person is lower than that of National Universities

Yasuo KAGAWA 　 et al, 「 Nourishment intake, serum lipid, and academic grade of student in breakfasting

undernourished and dormitory 」 , 『 The journal of Japanese nutrition 』 , 38(6), 1980.11 p.283-94

Have breakfast

Undernourished

breakfast

Junior high school

Average correct answer rate （％）

have breakfast?

Japanese

Society Mathematics

Science 　　

English

Absolutely81.5 80.

5

73.3 71.

9

67.7 66.

1

69.6 68.

3

75.4 73.

9Mostly

76.8

66.4

60.0

63.1

68.1

Don’t often73.5 72.

8

62.2 61.

7

54.8 54.

1

59.0 58.

8

63.1 62.

3Don’t

71.9

60.9

53.0

58.5

61.1

It is a correct answer rate of each subject whether have breakfast

Tokyo Educational committee, ”Analysis about result 『 Attitude survey about learning』” , Available from <http://www.kyoiku.metro.tokyo.jp/press/pr060608s/c_bunseki.pdf>, (accessed 2007-12-11)

It is a correct answer rate of each subject whether have breakfast

Elementary School

have breakfast?Japanes

eSociety

Arithmetic

Science

　　

Absolutely80.5 79.

6

82.9 82.

0

77.6 76.

5

77.4 76.

5Mostly

74.5

77.0

70.5

71.9

Don’t often71.3 70.

6

73.5 72.

5

66.4 65.

6

68.7 68.

3Don’t

69.0

69.9

63.5

67.0

Tokyo Educational committee, ”Analysis about result 『 Attitude survey about learning』” , Available from <http://www.kyoiku.metro.tokyo.jp/press/pr060608s/c_bunseki.pdf>, (accessed 2007-12-11)

It is a correct answer rate of each subject whether have breakfastNational, educational science laboratory survey

(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology , 2004)

A breakfast undernourished child is low scholastic attainments of about 20% in all subjects

Japanese Society Mathematics Science English

5th 8th 5th 8th 5th 8th 5th 8th 8th

everyday

usually

Not often

Not at all, or very often

（ caution) ： Breakfast in "Eat every day" group , saying that "Eat“. "Do not eat" is "Do not sometimes eat" person and "Do not eat every day" person‘ s crowds as for breakfast

Girls (Smilar result as boys) (6-17 y.o)

The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology physical strength moving ability investigation result , 2005

Breakfasting undernourished is harmful in the physical educationNumber of turns of 20-meter shuttle runs according to breakfast intake situation

Don’t eat

eat

Girls

Nu

mb

er o

f re

turn

Ratio of child who goes to bed after ten o'clock （％）

1 years And 6

months

2 years

3 years

4 years

5 years

1980 25 29 22 13 10

1990 38 41 36 23 17

2000 55 59 52 39 40

From Japanese infant health society "Health infant degree investigation report"

Does child's brain how be done and become a human brain?

① The nervous system that increases revitalization at time (Come to be able to distinguish day and night) until months of four after one's birth chiefly develops the forebrain limbic system, and is necessary for a mother-child dyad, an environmental adaptation, the storage function, and the right and left of large brain function differentiation. A healthy mother-child dyad is necessary for the character

② The nervous system that increases revitalization to the first stage of the infant period (The catnap becomes one time from two times) for four months is necessary for the union field's in which it takes part in the acknowledgment function integration developing. It is disorder of the day of parents' rhythm and a personality aberration

③ The nervous system that increases revitalization at the latter term under the expectation (The catnap is reduced and become the sleep of two compatibilities day and night) is infant necessary for the society and motivation‘s developing through a misfortune movement system large brain radical fixed nucleus → 　 Anti-social behavior

Masaya SEGAWA, “How Child brain becomes adult brain” 『 Genetics 』 , 58(3), 2004.5 p.58-65

Child's mental health and eating habits

％ ％

％

Average score of lifestyle

24.1

26.9

29.1

33.8

36.0

22.6

26.6

29.9

34.2

38.0

0 10 20 30 40 50

E

D

C

B

A

％

いじめている

40.4

12.4

1.2

3.2

0.0

17.0

5.0

0.8

0.0

3.4

0 10 20 30 40 50

E

D

C

B

A

％

すぐカッとする

66.0

37.6

27.8

11.2

10.3

88.5

73.2

38.1

24.2

25.8

0 20 40 60 80 100

E

D

C

B

A

相談できる先生がいる

0.0

11.9

17.0

10.2

24.1

3.5

11.3

11.3

15.8

26.8

0 10 20 30

E

D

C

B

A

めまいがする

80.5

47.6

17.8

16.3

0.0

80.3

38.1

10.1

7.4

6.5

0 20 40 60 80 100

E

D

C

B

A

％

ぼんやりする

66.0

18.8

22.2

11.2

13.8

75.0

21.6

19.8

8.4

16.1

0 20 40 60 80

E

D

C

B

A

男女

点

Bully Burns soon

I have the teacher I can consult Dizziness Dimly

boys

girls

Amino acids

Change in time after it eats and the inside of the body in method of supplying sugar

Fat when having meal

The sugar of excessive becomes fat

Sugar in food

period period period

(Glucose + Ketone body)

Glycerol

Fat acid(7g/h)

Sp

eed o

f glu

cose

co

nsu

mp

tion

Lactic acid

Lipid organization

Brain, Renal medulla

period

muscle

hour

Meal time

Use of sugar,Organ

period

Wholebody

Brain uses glucose only

Yasuo KAGAWA. “Easy nourishment study” KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 2006, p.56

Whole body (The liver, the muscle, and tallow are excluded)

Blood sugar storing for half a day

Long termBlood sugar

storing

Blood sugar decreaseHormonal secretion of struggle

Newborn amount of liverAmount of liver

glycogen mobilization

Brain (Speed decrease)

Hour)

Hour)

Protein resolutionMaterial of sugarAmino acidGastrointestinal

absorptionsugar Hour)

Liver, Kidney newborn, blood sugar

Ketone body newborn Hour)

Fatty acid Hour)

hour hour hour hour day day day day

hour)

It eats the mental health score high

(By health) breakfast

4.9

2.4

11.8

7.15.1 5.2

9.9

7.1

12.0

4.5

12.5

9.6

15.8

8.2

14.2

10.6

0.0

10.0

20.0

8th gradeboy

8gh gradegirl

10th gradeboy

10th gradegirl

Higha little higha little lowLow

Rat

io o

f p

erso

n w

ho

did

no

t ea

t b

reak

fast

　（％）

Relation investigation of actual conditions of state of mental health and lifestyle(The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 2006)

Comparison of heat production generated by meal by meal pattern

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

午前 午後 合計

ごはん食＋ごはん食

欠食＋ごはん食２食

高脂肪食＋高脂肪食

欠食＋高脂肪食２食

p ＜0.001

p ＜ 0.1

(kcal) Meal occurs heat and is manure

Toshio MORIYA at al, 「 Report of rice eating concerned about basic data collect, 2005 」 , Available from <http://morichan.jinkan.kyoto-u.ac.jp/general/rice2.pdf>, (accessed 2007-12-11)

Morning Afternoon Total

Undernourished + high fat meal 2 times

Rice meal + rice meal

Undernourished + rice meal

High fat meal + high fat meal

The blood sugar normalizes when breakfast is increased and supper is decreased. The type life at Japanese night is one cause of a diabetic increase.

Kayoko ADACHI “Method of guiding handy nourishment in insulin non-dependency diabetic and examination at guidance continuance” 『 Nourishment study magazine 』 , 56(3), 1998.6 p.156-

170

Before lecture

Lecture before and after and change of breakfast and supper in energy

Breakfast energy Supper energy

A year later Before lecture, a year later Before lecture, a year later

T test

朝食、昼食後の血糖値の変化

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

0 50 100 150 200分

mg/

100m

L

朝食後の血糖値

朝食を摂食した人の昼食後の血糖値朝食を欠食した人の昼食後の血糖値

Breakfast when you take lunch with feedingThe blood sugar goes up suddenly, and it causes obesity and the diabetic

Hata at al, “Effectiveness that breakfast undernourished cause influence the change of blood sugar value after lunch”, 『 Bulletin of Kagawa nutrition university 』 , 34, 2003.12 p.33-9

Change in blood sugar level after breakfast and lunch

Blood Sugar valueafter breakfast

In case of person had breakfast. Blood Sugar

value after lunch

In case of person don’t have breakfast. Blood

Sugar value after lunch

Minutes

Even if breakfast is taken, the quality is a problem:The breakfast where the main dish, the side dish, and soup

become complete is 9%

Main dish

Main dish

Soup

Soup

Side dish

Side dish

Bre

akfa

stS

up

per

Staple food

Staple food

Bre

akfa

stS

up

per

Unknown

Unknown

Number where staple food and side dish become complete

Meal pattern seen from staple food, main dish, side dish, and the combination (%)

Undernourished

Undernourished

The insulin elevation of the rice is less than that of bread, and the neutral fat is less an increase

The amount of the glucidic of the breakfast is bread, rice, and 79g.

It confirms it to ten testees by the crossover

50%VO2 by Ergometer

30 minutes

After breakfast

Ishii, K. et al. “A rice diet is associated with less fat synthesis/accumulation than a bread diet before exercise therapy” J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 51(5), 2005, 349-54

Bread

Rice

Exercise

Time (minute)

Insu

lin

Before meal

Corpus pineale

Retina Suprachiasmaticnucleus

Spinal cord(thoracic spinal cord)

Eyeball

paraventricular nucleus

Alternative ganglion

Middle lateral nuclei

Rhythm of day that clock gene of suprachiasmatic nucleus makes

Sleep happens by the melatonin that goes out of the corpus pineale

Awaking of brain by light

Yasuo KAGAWA, “Recommendation of breakfast. Renew ed.”KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 2007, p.127

Clock

Clock

Clock

Bmal1

Bmal1

Bmal1

Per

Cry

E Box

E 　 Box

Action obstruction

Appearance promotion in E-box

Oscillation mechanism of day of by the main clock gene rhythm

The vicissitude is controlled at the cycle of a day

Per and Cry are pendulums that increase and decrease at the cycle of a day (vibration)

E box activation of hundreds of kinds of metabolic enzyme gene

Correction of position of needle of clock with light in morning and breakfast

Obesity by disorderLifestyle disease

Increase and decrease of

density of Per and Cry

One day cycle

「 Clock gene 」 featuring, 『 Weekly walk of medicine 』 , 216(3), 2006.1 p.199-242

　

Yasuo KAGAWA. “Easy nourishment study” KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 2006, p.174

Rhythm formation mechanism of day of of tip clock

Autonomic nerve systemInternal secretion system

Center Clock

Tip Clock

Breakfast

Sun

Influence of restricted feeding on tip clock

Free feeding Fast Restricted feeding

(5:00-9:00)

Center Clock

0-1 14 (days)1-2

TipClock

・ ・ ・

Corpus pineale that rules sleep

Rhythm of day that clock gene of

suprachiasmatic nucleus makes

Melatonin secretion of pineal gland

It happens in the evening

Sleeping

Lecture on Tim Johnson senator in school breakfast symposium

To overcome the global competition, we should have the educated productive manpower. The school child's education is necessary for that. Meal for national power improvementThe school breakfast is one of the best methods of Promotion and education in the school child in the United States

Remarks to the Symposium on Breakfast and Learning in Children Senator Tim Johnson Meals for Achievement 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 April 22, 1999　　　　

However, for the United States to compete effectively in the world, we must have an educated and 　ｐ roductive workforce. In order to have an educated and productive workforce, We must prepare our 　 children to learn. In order to prepare our children to learn, they must be well nourished, and that begins 　ｗ ith a good breakfast.

School breakfast is one of our nation’s best tools for the advancement of our schoolchildren. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Breakfast/Symposium/Johnson.htm 　

The United States started the school breakfast in all states for the energies improvement of the people. School child's health enhancement and the improvement and a delinquency decrease in the academic grade are confirmed in detail every year

The United States started the school breakfast in all states for the energies improvement of the people. School child's health enhancement and the improvement and a delinquency decrease in the academic grade are confirmed in detail every year

How to learn the Breakfast custom： Empowerment

• The teachers should esteem breakfast undernourished person's idea. Why is it?. Independence support.

• A necessary knowledge and skill for self management are given. Morning sunlight. Early going to bed and rise.

• The serious person of the truancy etc. is a development pediatrics department etc. and the tertiary care is necessary. Setting A possible target. An undernourished person takes the responsibility for the result.

• When it is possible to achieve it by one step, it praises and the self-effect feeling is improved. The cause is discovered if there is a trouble of the breakfast intake and it searches for the evasion method.

• Making to the activity to the custom is important in continuation in daily life. Especially, the family's cooperation is indispensable to child's breakfast