Lecture 14 Cognitive Development

8/12/2019 Lecture 14 Cognitive Development

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COGNITIVE

DEVELOPMENT

I MADE RUSTIKA


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Like all biological systems, cognitionhave

two tendency :- organization

- adaptation

The process of adaptationis divided into

two complementary component processes :

-assimilation-accommodation


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EQUILIBRATION

Piaget proposes that an organisms

adaptation to its environment involves

an equilibriumbetween the activity ofthe organism on its environment

(assimilation), and the activity of the

environment on the organism(accommodation).


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THE STAGE OF COGNITIVE

DEVELOPMENT

I. The Sensory-motor Stage (02 years)

II. The Preoperational Stage (26 years)

III. The Concrete Operational Stage (611years)

IV. The Formal Operational Stage (11 yearscontinues thereafter)


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SIX STAGES OF SENSORY-MOTOR

DEVELOPMENT

STAGE 1 (0-1 MONTHS)

The infant comes into the world equipped with avariety of reflexes. Reflexes can be classified :

1. Unchanged Reflexes (e.g., the sneeze)

2. Disappear Reflexes (e.g., the Moro response)

3. Changes after constant exercise and repeated

application to external objects and events (e.g.,

sucking, movement of the hand and arm).

Cognitive development relate to number 3.


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STAGE 2 (14 MONTHS)

This stage is marked by :

The continued evolution of individual sensory-

motor schemes

The gradual coordination or integration of oneschema with another

Quasiimitative or preimitative


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STAGE 3 (48 MONTHS)

This stage is marked by :

Operant conditioning

The beginnings of genuine imitation


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STAGE 4 (812 MONTHS)

The child intentionally exercises one scheme, as

means, in order to make possible the exercise of

another scheme as end or goal.

The child can read sign of impending events thatare not directly connected with his own behavior


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Very active, purposeful, trial an error

exploration of the real properties and

potentialities of object

Child would be likely to vary the means

scheme in a deliberate

accurate imitator


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Child shows a beginning capacity toproduce and comprehend one thing (e.g.,a word) as standing for or symbolically

representing some other thing.The child is now capable of deferredimitation

Pretense or symbolic play makes its firstappearance in stage 6 and continues todevelop during the preschool years.


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III. THE CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE

(611 YEARS)

Conservation ability

Reversibility ability


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IV. THE FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE

(11 years and continues thereafter)

For the first time the childs thought iscompletely free from any dependence onconcrete reality

In forming such propositions, suchhypotheses about the world, the childsthought can be seen to correspond toformal, scientific, logical thinking.

The child can now think about his or herown thinking

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Lecture 14 Cognitive Development