Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Lecture 18 Photon Entanglement and Teleportation. Reminder: Lecture notes taker: Zhou Fang HWK4 due date extended to 4/14 Monday Condensed Matter Seminar Friday 3:30pm on QD-Si energy transfer ( excitonic ). Course Outline. Part 1: basic review: Optics+Quantum; - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 1
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Lecture 18Luminescence Centers
Read: FS9
(Al2O3 “sapphire” with different colors)
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 2
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Topics• Basic physics:
– Vibronic aborption & emission– Crystal field effect
• Luminescence Centers– Color centers
• F-centers etc. in alkali halides• NV center in diamond
– “Paramagnetic impurities” in ionic crystals• Rare earth ion (eg Nd3+ in YAG)• Transition metal ion (eg. Ti3+ in Al2O3)
• Applications– Solid state based light generation (laser, LED/phosphor etc.)– Quantum information & photonics
(pump)
ruby
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 3
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Slide credit: T. Justel
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 4
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Atom-like (emitter) in a solid (host lattice)
defects Dopants (“ion”)Conduction Band (host)
Valence Band (host)
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 5
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Luminescence systems/materials
Slide credit: T. Justel
Defects or dopants
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 6
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
(simplified) general picture
Conduction Band (host)
Valence Band (host)
g
e(defect/donor levels)
• Host lattice is an insulator (semiconductor)• Electronic band structure• Phonon (bands)
• Luminescence center (defect/dopant)• Atom-like “emitter” • “in-gap” two/few-level systemsElectronic levels/states coupled to host lattice vibration (continuum/phonon bands)
• Vibronic absorption & emission (basic idea similar to molecules) but:
Localized atom-like electronic (optical) excitation + extended phonons (vibration) in host lattice
(contrast to local electronic + local & discrete vibration in molecule)
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 7
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Vibronic absorption and emissionLocalized atom-like electronic (optical) excitation + extended phonons (vibration) in host lattice
(contrast to local electronic + local vibration in molecule)
g
e
(vibronic bands)
• Stokes shift• ‘zero phonon line’
• Meaning of “configuration coordinate”
• E-vib/phononcouplingline broadening
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 8
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Color Center/Defect Center: F-centers(in alkali halides)
http://education.mrsec.wisc.edu/background/F_center/index.htm
Produced by:•excess cation..•irradiation..
~1/a2 dependence
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 9
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
~1/a2 dependence
“Electron in box”
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 10
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Absorption and Emission Spectrum Bands of F Center in KCl
• Strong e-vibron/phonon coupling• May be used for widely tunable laser
Also more complicated color centers eg. “F2+ center” …
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 11
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond
NV0, NV- (common),…
ISC
Excited state (3E)
Ground state (3A)
1A
m = +1m = –1
m = 0
m = +1m = –1
m = 0
2.9 GHz
S=1 (triplet)
S=0
Crystal field splitting
1.4 GHz
1.95 eV(ZPL)
NV SiV
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 12
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Optical Pumping & Readout
ISC
1A
m = +1m = –1
m = 0
m = +1m = –1
m = 0
ESR
Initialization: m = 0 stateReadout (PL): population of m = 0
Excited state (3E)
Ground state (3A)
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 13
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
10 µm
Jelezko
How to produce NVs•Natural•Irradiation•implantation Interesting for
Quantum info/photonics/spintronics
•Can address/control individual NV(optically) single photon source•2-level system in ground state(qubit)•ESR (microwave) to manipulate spin (qubit)•Long spin coherence time (>ms @RT)
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 14
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Sensitive Magnetometer
http://www.diadems.eu/page/en/nv-center-properties.php
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 15
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 16
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
“Paramagnetic Impurities” (Dopants/Ions) in Ionic Crystal
Transition metal
Rare-earth
(smaller radius, weaker coupling)
(larger radius, stronger coupling)
crystal field effect vs. (screened) SOC~Z2
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 17
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Rare-earth ions: 4f electrons
Common 3+ ions:Ce3+Pr3+Nd3+Pm3+Sm3+Eu3+Gd3+Tb3+Dy3+Ho3+Er3+Tm3+Yb3+(also have divalent forms)
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 18
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
2S+1LJ (ground state term --- Hund’s rule)
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 19
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Nd3+ ion
S=3/2, L=6, J=9/2
(crystal field splt)
• Relative weak effect by host crystal• Commonly put in Y3Al3O15 (“YAG”) etc.
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 20
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Nd3:YAG laser
Freq. double:532nm
Pumped at ~800nm (diode laser or lamp)
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 21
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Er3+ doped fiber
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 22
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Transition-metal ions: 3d electrons
Ti3+: Al2O3
(Ti:Sapphire)Widely tunableLaser!
Time-linewidth relation:ft~1-Can generate ultrafast (fs) pulsedlaser!
Purdue University Spring 2016 Prof. Yong P. Chen ([email protected]) Lecture 18 (3/24/2016) Slide 23
Introduction to Quantum Photonics & Quantum Optics
PHYS522 ECE695
(“Coherent Optics & Quantum Electronics”) http://www.physics.purdue.edu/academic_programs/courses/phys522/
Phosphors and Solid State Lighting
