Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Pore complexes (TEM). Each pore is ringed by protein particles. Nuclear lamina (TEM). The netlike lamina lines the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. Nucleus Nucleolus Chromatin Nuclear envelope: Inner membrane Outer membrane Nuclear pore Rough ER Pore complex Surface of nuclear envelope. TEM of a specimen prepared by a special technique known as freeze-fracture. Close-up of nuclear envelope Ribosome 1 µm 0.25 µm The Nucleus
Citation preview
Lecture #2
Cellular Anatomy
Intermediate filaments
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Rough ER Smooth ER
Centrosome
CYTOSKELETON
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Microvilli
Peroxisome
MitochondrionLysosome
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
Plasma membrane
In animal cells but not plant cells:LysosomesCentriolesFlagella (in some plant sperm)
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin
NUCLEUS
Flagelium
The Eukaryotic Cell
Pore complexes (TEM). Each pore is ringedby protein particles.
Nuclear lamina (TEM). The netlike laminalines the inner surface of the nuclear envelope.
Nucleus
NucleusNucleolus
Chromatin
Nuclear envelope:Inner membraneOuter membrane
Nuclear pore
Rough ER
Porecomplex
Surface of nuclear envelope.TEM of a specimen prepared by a special technique known asfreeze-fracture.
Close-up of nuclearenvelope
Ribosome
1 µm
1 µm
0.25 µm
The Nucleus
The Nuclear Envelope
Ribosomes ER Cytosol
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Free ribosomes
Bound ribosomes
Largesubunit
Smallsubunit
TEM showing ER and ribosomes Diagram of a ribosome
0.5 µm
Ribosomes
Smooth ER
Rough ER
ER lumenCisternae
RibosomesTransport vesicle
Smooth ER
Transitional ER
Rough ER 200 µm
Nuclearenvelope
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Golgiapparatuscis face
(“receiving” side ofGolgi apparatus)
Vesicles movefrom ER to Golgi Vesicles also
transport certainproteins back to ER
Vesicles coalesce toform new cis Golgi cisternae
Cisternalmaturation:Golgi cisternaemove in a cis-to-transdirection
Vesicles form andleave Golgi, carryingspecific proteins toother locations or tothe plasma mem-brane for secretion Vesicles transport specific
proteins backward to newerGolgi cisternae
Cisternae
trans face(“shipping” side ofGolgi apparatus) TEM of Golgi apparatus
0.1 0 µm16
5
2
3
4
The Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Nucleus 1 µm
Lysosome containsactive hydrolyticenzymes
Food vacuole fuseswith lysosome
Hydrolyticenzymes digestfood particles
Lysosome containingtwo damaged organelles 1 µ m
MitochondrionfragmentPeroxisomefragment
Lysosome fuses withvesicle containingdamaged organelle
Hydrolytic enzymesdigest organellecomponents
Vesicle containingdamaged mitochondrion
Digestion
Food vacuole
Plasma membraneLysosome
Digestiveenzymes
(a) Phagocytosis: lysosome digesting food (b) Autophagy: lysosome breaking down damaged organelle
Lysosome
Digestion
Lysosome
Lysosomes
Chloroplast
Peroxisome
Mitochondrion
1 µm
Peroxisomes
3
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear envelope isconnected to rough ER, which is also continuous
with smooth ER
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
1
Summary
Golgi pinches off transport vesicles and other vesicles that
give rise to lysosomes and vacuoles
Membranes and proteinsproduced by the ER flow in
the form of transport vesiclesto the Golgi
3
4 5
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear envelope isconnected to rough ER, which is also continuous
with smooth ER
2
3
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER cis Golgi
trans Golgi
Lysosome availablefor fusion with anothervesicle for digestion
Transport vesicle carriesproteins to plasma membrane for secretion
Transport vesicle
1
Summary
Plasma membrane expandsby fusion of vesicles; proteinsare secreted from cell
Golgi pinches off transport vesicles and other vesicles that
give rise to lysosomes and vacuoles
Membranes and proteinsproduced by the ER flow in
the form of transport vesiclesto the Golgi
3
4 5 6
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear envelope isconnected to rough ER, which is also continuous
with smooth ER
2
3
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER cis Golgi
trans Golgi
Plasmamembrane
Lysosome availablefor fusion with anothervesicle for digestion
Transport vesicle carriesproteins to plasma membrane for secretion
Transport vesicle
1
Summary
Mitochondrion
Intermembrane spaceOuter
membrane
Freeribosomesin the mitochondrialmatrix
MitochondrialDNA
Innermembrane
Cristae
Matrix
100 µm
Mitochondria
Ribosomes ( small brown dots )
Central vacuole
MicrofilamentsIntermediate filaments
Microtubules
Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
ChromatinNUCLEUS
Centrosome
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
ChloroplastPlasmodesmataWall of adjacent cell
Cell wallPlasma membrane
Mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
Peroxisome
Tonoplast
CYTOSKELETON
Plant Cells
Central vacuole
Cytosol
Tonoplast
Centralvacuole
Nucleus
Cell wall
Chloroplast
5 µm
The Central Vacuole
Granum
Chloroplast
ChloroplastDNA
RibosomesStroma
Inner and outermembranes
Thylakoid
1 µm
Chloroplasts
