Lecture 2 NUTRITITIVE VALUE OF VEGETABLES. Introduction Temperate vegetables are rich in minerals, vitamins, dietary fibre and other nutrients. They are

Lecture 2

NUTRITITIVE VALUE OF VEGETABLES

Introduction

• Temperate vegetables are rich in minerals, vitamins, dietary fibre and other nutrients.

• They are specifically mentioned as protective foods in the literature.

• Potato is the richest source of energy.

• Similarly, pea and garlic are the richest source of proteins, Turnip green is rich source of iron, riboflavin, niacin, fats, vitamin A, and calcium;

• Garlic of carbohydrates and phosphorus; Pea of thiamine, and Kale of ascorbic acid.

Cont...

• Potato is the richest source of energy (97kcal) followed by Pea

(84kcal), Leek (77kcal), Turnip greens (67kcal) and Kale

(53kcal),

• Pea and Garlic are the richest sources of proteins (6.3g)

followed by Kale (6.0g), Brussel’s sprout (4.9g) and Fenugreek

leaves (4.4g).

• Turnip green is the richest source of fats (1.5g), followed by

Fenugreek leaves (0.9g), Kale and Spinach beet (0.8g) and

Brussel’s sprout and Pea (0.4g).

• Garlic is the richest source of carbohydrates (29.8g) followed

by Potato (22.6g), Leek (17.2g), Pea (14.4g), and Carrot (9.7g).Cont...

• Turnip green is the richest source of vitamin A (15691 IU)

followed by Carrot (11000 IU), Kale (10000 IU), Spinach (8100

IU), and Spinach beet (5862 IU).

• Pea is the richest source of thiamine (0.35mg) followed by Turnip

green (0.31mg), Spinach beet (0.26mg), Kale (0.16mg) and

Cauliflower (0.11mg).

• Turnip green is the richest source of riboflavin (0.57mg) followed

by Spinach beet (0.56mg), Fenugreek leaves (0.31mg), Kale

(0.26mg), Sprouting broccoli and Garlic (0.23mg).

• Turnip green is the richest source of niacin (5.4mg) followed by

Spinach beet (3.3mg), Pea (2.9mg), Kale (2.1mg) and potato

(1.2mg).Cont...

• Kale is the richest source of ascorbic acid (186mg) followed by

Turnip green (180mg), Sprouting broccoli (113mg), Brussel’s

sprout (102mg), and Parsley (90mg).

• Turnip green is the richest source of calcium (710mg) followed by

Fenugreek leaves (395mg), Spinach (380mg), and Kale (249mg).

• Garlic is the richest source of the phosphorus (310mg) followed

by Pea (116mg), Kale (93mg), Brussel’s sprout (80mg), and

Sprouting broccoli (78mg).

• Turnip green is the richest source of iron (28.4mg) followed by

Fenugreek leaves (16.5mg), Spinach beet (16.2mg), Onion stalk

(7.9mg) and Spinach (3.1mg).

Nutrient composition of vegetables as per 100 g of edible portion

Crops Energy Proteins Fats Carbohydrates Vitamin A Thiamine

Potato 97kcal 1.6g 0.1g 22.6g 40IU 0.10mg

Pea 84kcal 6.3 g 0.4g 14.4g 640IU 0.35mg

Leek 77kcal 1.8g 0.1g 17.2g - -

Turnip Green

67kcal 4.0g 1.5g 9.4g 15691IU 0.31mg

Kale 53kcal 6.0 g 0.8g 9.0g 10000IU 0.16mg

Onion 50kcal 1.2g 0.1g - 5IU 0.08mg

Fenugreek leaves

49kcal 4.4g 0.9g 6.0g 3861IU 0.04mg

Spinach Beet

46kcal 3.4g 0.8g 6.5g 5862IU 0.26mg

Cont...


Crops Energy Proteins Fats Carbohydrates Vitamin A Thiamine

Brussels sprout

45kcal 4.9g 0.4g 0.3g 550IU 0.10mg

Carrot 42kcal 1.1g 0.2g 9.7g 11000IU 0.06mg

Onion stalk 41kcal 0.9g 0.2g 8.9g 993IU 0.05mg

Sprouting broccoli

32kcal 3.6g 0.3g 5.9g 2500IU 0.10mg

Garlic 30kcal 6.3g 0.1g 29.8g 5IU 0.06mg

Knol-khol 29kcal - 0.1g 6.6g 20IU -

Turnip root 29kcal 0.5g 0.2g 6.2g - 0.04mg

Cauliflower 27kcal 2.7g 0.2g - 60IU 0.11mg

Cont...


Crops Energy proteins Fats Carbohydrates Vitamin A thiamine

Spinach 26kcal 3.2g 0.3g 4.3g 8100IU 0.10mg

Cabbage 24kcal 1.3g 0.2g 130IU 0.05mg

Celery 17kcal 0.9g 0.1g 3.9g 240IU 0.03mg

Radish 17kcal 0.7g 0.1g 3.4g 5IU 0.06mg

Parsley 16kcal 2.2g 0.3g 1.3g 5200IU -

Chinese cabbage

14kcal 1.2g 0.1g 3.0g 150IU 0.05mg

Lettuce - - - 2.5g 900IU 0.06mg

Cont...


Crops Riboflavin Niacin Ascorbic acid

Calcium Phosphorus Iron

Potato 0.01mg 1.2mg 17mg 10mg 40mg 0.10mg

Pea 0.14mg 2.9mg 27mg 26mg 116mg 1.9mg

Leek 77kcal - 11mg 50mg 70mg 2.3mg

Turnip Green

0.57mg 5.4mg 180mg 710mg 60mg 28.4mg

Kale 0.26mg 2.1mg 186mg 249mg 93mg 2.9mg

Onion 0.01mg 0.4mg 11mg 47mg 50mg 0.7mg

Fenugreek leaves

0.31mg 0.8mg 52mg 395mg 51mg 16.5mg

Spinach Beet

0.56mg 3.3mg 70mg 380mg 30mg 16.2mg

Cont...




Brussels sprout

0.16mg 0.9mg 102mg 36mg 80mg 1.5mg

Carrot 0.05mg 0.6mg 8mg 37mg 36mg 0.7mg

Onion stalk 0.03mg 0.3mg 17mg 50mg 50mg 7.9mg

Sprouting broccoli

0.23mg 0.9mg 113mg 103mg 78mg 1.1mg

Garlic 0.23mg 0.4mg 13mg 30mg 310mg 1.3mg

Knol-khol - 0.3mg 66mg - - 0.5mg

Turnip root 0.04mg 0.5mg 43mg 30mg 40mg 0.04mg

Cauliflower 0.10mg 0.7mg 78mg 25mg 56mg 0.11mg

Cont...




Spinach 0.20mg 0.6mg 51mg 93mg 51mg 3.1mg

Cabbage 0.05mg 0.3mg 47mg 49mg 29mg 0.4mg

Celery 0.03mg 0.3mg 9mg 43mg 28mg 0.03mg

Radish 0.02mg 0.5mg - 35mg 22mg 0.4mg

Parsley 0.11mg 0.7mg 90mg 125mg 40mg -

Chinese cabbage

0.04mg 0.6mg 25mg - 40mg 0.6mg

Lettuce 0.06mg 0.3mg 8mg 35mg 26mg 2.0mg

Cont...


CropMacronutrients

Energy (kcal) Moisture (g) Protein (g) Fat (g) HO (R)

Amaranth 45 85.7 4.0 0.5 6.1

Basella 32 90.8 2.8 0.4 4.2

Bitter gourd 25 92.4 1.6 0.2 4.2Bottle gourd 12 96.1 0.2 0.1 2.5

Bottle gourd leaves

39 87.9 2.3 0.7 6.1

Brinjal 24 92.7 1.4 0.3 4.0

Broad bean 48 85.4 4.5 0.1 7.2

Brussels sprout 45 85.2 4.9 0.4 8.3

Cabbage 24 92.4 1.3 0.2 5.4

Carrot 42 82.2 1.1 0.2 9.7

Cassava 157 59.4 0.7 0 2 38.1

Capsicum 22 93.4 1.2 0.2 4.0

Cont...

CropMacronutrients


Cauliflower 27 91.0 2.7 0.2 5.2

Celery 17 94.1 0.9 0.1 3.9

Chinese cabbage 14 95.0 1.2 0.1 3.0Chow-chow 27 92.5 0.7 0.1 5.7

Cluster bean 16 81.0 3.2 14 10.8

Cowpea 48 85.3 3.5 0.2 8.1

Cowpea leaves 38 89.0 3.4 0.7 4.1

Cucumber 13 96.3 0.4 0.1 2.5

Drumstick 26 86.9 2.5 0.1 3.7

Drumstick leaves 92 75.9 6.7 1.7 12.5

Elephant-foot yam 79 78.7 1.2 0.1 18.4

Fenugreek leaves 49 86.1 4.4 0.9 6.0


Cont...

CropMacronutrients


French bean 32 90 1 1.9 0.2 7.1

Garden beet 43 87.7 1.7 0.1 8.8

Garlic 30 62.0 6.3 0.1 29.8

Hyacinth bean 48 86.1 3.8 0.7 6.7

Indian squash 21 93.5 1.4 0.2 3.4

Ivy gourd 93.5 1.2 0.1 3.1

Kale 5 3 82.7 6.0 0.8 9.0

Kakrol 52 84.1 3.1 1.0 7.7

Knol-khol 29 90.3 2.0 0.1 6.6

Leek 77 78.9 1.8 0.1 17.2

Lettuce 14 95.1 1.2 0.2 2.5

Lime bean 123 67.5 8.4 0.5 22.1


Cont...

CropMacronutrients


Muskmelon 17 95.2 0.3 0.2 3.5

Onion 50 86.6 1.2 0.1 11.1

Onion stalk 41 87.6 0.9 0.2 8.9

Okra 35 89.6 1.9 0.2 6.4

Parsley 16 90.0 2.2 0.3 1.3

Pea 84 78.0 6.3 0.4 14.4

Pointed gourd 20 92.0 2.0 0.3 2.2

Potato 97 74.7 1.6 0.1 22.6

Pumpkin 25 92.6 1.4 0.1 4.6

Pumpkin leaves 57 81.9 4.4 0.8 7.9

Radish 17 94.4 0.7 0.1 3.4

Ridge gourd 17 95.2 0.5 0.1 3.4


Cont...

CropMacronutrients


Snake gourd IB 94.6 0.5 0.3 3.3

Spinach 26 90.7 3.2 0.3 4.3

Spinach beet 46 86.4 3.4 0.8 6.5Sponge gourd 18 93.2 1.2 0.2 2.9

Sprouting broccoli

32 89.1 3.6 0.3 5.9

Summer squash 17 94.8 0.5 0.1 3.5

Sweet potato 114 70.6 1.7 0.4 263

Swiss chard 16 92.0 1.8 0.2 1.5

Taro 97 73.1 3.0 0.1 21 l

Taro leaf stalks 24 93.0 0.5 0.2 6.0

Tomato 22 93.5 1.1 0.2 4.7

Turnip root 29 91.6 0.5 0.2 6.2


Cont...

CropMacronutrients


Turnip green 67 81.9 4.0 1.5 9 4

Watermelon 26 92.6 0 5 0.2 6 4

Water spinach 28 90.3 2.9 0.4 3 1

Wax gourd 10 96.5 0.4 0.1 1 9

Winged bean 25 92.0 2.1 0.3 4.0

Yam 102 74.0 1.5 0.2 24 0

Cont...


CropVitamins

A (iu) Thiamin (mg)Riboflavin

(mg)Niacin (mg)

Ascorbic acid (mg)

Amaranth 9108 003 0.30 1.2 99

Basella 12276 0.03 0.16 0.5 87

Bitter gourd 208 0 07 0.09 0.5 88Bottle gourd 0 003 0.01 0.2 0

Bottle gourd leaves

- - - - -

Brinjal 122 0.04 0.11 0.9 12

Broad bean 15 0.08 - 0.8 12

Brussels sprout 550 0.10 0.16 0.9 102

Cabbage 130 0.05 0.05 0.3 47

Carrot 11000 0.06 0.05 0.6 8

Cassava 0 0.05 0.10 0.3 25

Capsicum 900 0.06 0.06 0.5 128


Cont...

CropVitamins

A (iu) Thiamin (mg) Riboflavin (mg) Niacin (mg) Ascorbic acid (mg)

Cauliflower 60 0.11 0.10 0.7 78

Celery 240 003 0.03 0.3 9

Chinese cabbage 150 0.05 0.04 0.6 25Cho-cho 0 0 0.04 0.4 4

Cluster bean 326 0 09 0.03 0.6 49

Cowpea 930 0.07 0.09 0.9 14

Cowpea leaves 10019 0.05 0.08 0.6 4

Cucumber 0 0.03 0 0.2 7

Drumstick 181 0.50 0.70 0.2 120

Drumstick leaves 11187 0.06 0.05 0.8 220

Elephant-foot yam

0.06 0.07 0.7 0 0.06

Fenugreek leaves 0.04 0.31 0.8 52 0.04


Cont...

CropVitamins


French bean 60 0.11 0.10 0.7 78

Garden beet 240 003 0.03 0.3 9

Garlic 150 0.05 0.04 0.6 25Hyacinth bean 0 0 0.04 0.4 4

Indian squash 326 0 09 0.03 0.6 49

Ivy gourd 930 0.07 0.09 0.9 14

Kale 10019 0.05 0.08 0.6 4

Kakrol 0 0.03 0 0.2 7

Knol-khol 181 0.50 0.70 0.2 120

Leek 11187 0.06 0.05 0.8 220

Lettuce 0.06 0.07 0.7 0 0.06

Lime bean 0.04 0.31 0.8 52 0.04


Cont...

CropVitamins


Muskmelon 279 0.11 0.08 0.3 26

Onion Trace 0.08 0.01 0 4 11

Onion stalk 993 0.05 0.03 0.3 17Okra 86 0.07 0.10 0.6 13

Parsley 5200 0.08 0.11 0.7 90

Pea 640 0.35 0.14 2.9 27

Pointed gourd 252 0.05 0.06 0.5 29

Potato 40 0.10 0.01 1.2 17

Pumpkin 82 0.06 0.04 0.5 2

Pumpkin leaves 3173 - - - 10

Radish 5 006 0.02 0.5 15

Ridge gourd 54 - 0.01 0.2 5


Cont...

CropVitamins


Snake gourd 158 0.04 0.06 0.3 0

Spinach 8100 0.10 0.20 0.6 51

Spinach beet 5862 0.26 0.56 3 3 70Sponge gourd 396 0.02 0.06 0.4 0

Sprouting broccoli

2500 0.10 0.23 0.9 113

Summer squash - 0.02 Trace 0.4 18

Sweet potato 8800 0.10 0.06 0.6 21

Swiss chard 3300 0.04 0.09 0.4 30

Taro 40 0.09 0.03 0.4 0

Taro leaf stalks 594 0.02 0.04 0.4 13

Tomato 900 0.06 0.04 0.7 23

Turnip root 0 0.04 0.04 0.5 43


Cont...

CropVitamins


Turnip green 15691 0.31 0.57 5.4 15691

Watermelon 590 0.03 0.03 0.2 590

Water spinach 3267 0.05 0.13 0 6 3267

Wax gourd 0 006 0.014 0 4 0

Winged bean 0.1 0 01 0.8

Yam - 0.1 0.01 0.8 -


Cont...

Cropminerals

Ca (mg) P (mg) Fe (mg)

Amaranth 397 83 25.5

Basella 200 35 10.0

Bitter gourd 20 70 1.8

Bottle gourd 20 10 0.7

Bottle gourd leaves - - -

Brinjal 8 47 0.9

Broad bean 50 64 1.4

Brussels sprout 36 80 1.5

Cabbage 49 29 0.4

Carrot 37 36 0.7

Cassava 50 40 0.9

Capsicum 9 22 0.7


Cont...

CropMinerals


Cauliflower 25 56 1.1

Celery 39 28 0.3

Chinese cabbage 43 40 0.6

Chow-chow 140 30 0.6

Cluster bean 130 57 4 5

Cowpea 72 59 2.5

Cowpea leaves 290 58 20.1

Cucumber 10 25 1.5

Drumstick 30 110 53

Drumstick leaves 440 70 7.0

Elephant-foot yam 50 34 0.6

Fenugreek leaves 395 51 16.5


Cont...

CropMinerals


French bean 56 44 0.8

Garden beet 18 55 1.0

Garlic 30 310 1.3

Hyacinth bean 210 68 1.7

Indian squash25 24 0.9

Ivy gourd 40 30 1.4

Kale 249 93 2.9

Kakrol 33 42 4.6

Knol-khol 41 51 0.5

Leek 50 70 2:3

Lettuce 35 26 2.0

Lime bean 52 142 2.8


Cont...

CropMinerals


Muskmelon 32 14 1.4

Onion 47 50 0.7

Onion stalk 50 50 7.4

Okra 66 56 1.5

Parsley 125 40 2.0

Pea 26 116 1.9

Pointed gourd 30 40 1.7

Potato 10 40 0.7

Pumpkin 10 30 0.7

Pumpkin leaves 392 112 2.1

Radish 35 22 0.4

Ridge gourd 18 26 0.5


Cont...

CropMinerals


Snake gourd 26 20 0.3

Spinach 93 51 3.1

Spinach beet 380 30 16.2

Sponge gourd 36 19 1.1

Sprouting broccoli 103 78 1.1

Summer squash 10 30 0.6

Sweet potato 32 47 0.7

Swiss chard 51 46 1.8

Taro 40 140 1.7

Taro leaf stalks 49 25 0.9

Tomato 13 27 0.5

Turnip root 30 40 0.4


Cont...

CropMinerals


Turnip green 710 60 28.4

Watermelon 7 10 0.5

Water spinach 110 46 3.9

Wax gourd 30 20 0.8

Winged bean 12 35 0.8

Yam 12 35 0.8


Thanks…

Documents

Lecture 2 NUTRITITIVE VALUE OF VEGETABLES. Introduction Temperate vegetables are rich in minerals, vitamins, dietary fibre and other nutrients. They are