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8/12/2019 Lecture 3-Chemical Safety
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3/24/2014Industrial Safety Lecture Three1
Chemical SafetyJoe Nail
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3/24/2014Industrial Safety Lecture Three2
Introduction
What is a Chemical Hazard?
Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness,injury, or an emergency.
Chemical Hazards Physical Health
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3/24/2014Industrial Safety Lecture Three3
Chemical Hazards
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Chemical Hazards
PyrophoricFlammable ChemicalsCombustible ChemicalsOxidizers
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OHSAs Haz-Com Standard
3/24/2014Industrial Safety Lecture Three5
OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard is designed to protectemployees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in the worksetting.
Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the HazardCommunication Standard requires that information andtraining (i.e., hazcom training) be provided to any employeeswho have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemicalunder normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency. Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardouschemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways,including:
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PurposeThe purpose of the
standard is to make sure
that the hazards of
chemicals are evaluated
That information
concerning their hazards iscommunicated to
employers and employees
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Who is covered
OSHAs Hazard Communication(HazCom) standard applies to generalindustry, shipyard, marine terminals,longshoring, and constructionemployment and covers chemical
manufacturers, importers, employers,and employees exposed to chemicalhazards.
Horizontal
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HazCom Requirements
The hazardous chemical inventoryMaterial Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
Labels, tags or signsThe written Hazard Communicationprogram
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Employers
Employers are required to provide informationto their employees about the hazardouschemicals to which they are exposed using: A hazard communication program labels and other forms of warnings material safety data sheets (MSDS) information and training
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Warehouse and Retail Operations
In work operations where employees onlyhandle chemicals in sealed containers, whichare not opened under normal conditions
Employers must only do the following: Ensure labels on incoming chemicals
are not defaced or removed
Maintain copies of any material safety data sheetsthat are received with incoming shipments
Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received
w/out MSDS
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Warehouse and Retail Operations
Provide employees with information andtraining (no written program required) to theextent necessary to protect them in the event
of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical froma sealed container
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Labeling Exemptions
Other federal agencies control the labelingrequirements for the following substances: Pesticides
Chemicals covered under the Toxic SubstanceControl Act
Foods or food additives
Distilled Spirits, tobacco
Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics
Hazardous wastes
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Employer Requirements-Written Program
Employers must develop a written programthat covers at least:
Labels and other forms of warnings Material Safety Data Sheets
Employee Information and Training
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Employer Requirements-Written Program
Employers must develop a written programthat covers at least: A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be
present at the facility along with MSDSs for eachchemical
The methods the employer
will use to inform employeesof the hazards non-routine tasks
The hazards of chemicals
in unlabeled pipes
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Multi-Employer WorkplacesIf employees of other employers could beexposed to hazardous chemicals the programmust include:
Methods to provide contractor employees with on-site access to MSDS for each chemical thoseworkers may be exposed to
The methods used to inform other employers ofany precautionary measures to be taken fornormal and emergency situations
The employers chemical labeling system
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Consumer Products Exemption Any consumer product as defined in the
Consumer Product Safety Act where theemployer can show that: It is used in the workplace for the purpose
intended The use results in a duration and frequency of
exposure which is not greater than the range of
exposures that could reasonably be experiencedby consumers when used for the purpose intended
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Written Program AvailabilityThe employer must make the written programavailable, upon request, to: Employees and their designated representatives
Where work is carried out at more than onelocation, the program may be kept at the mainlocation
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Labels, Tags and MarkingsThe employer must ensure that each
container of hazardous chemicals in theworkplace is labeled, tagged or marked withthe following:
Identity of the hazardous chemical Appropriate hazard warnings
This above labeling information is required ofthe manufacturer so the employer mustensure that the original labels from themanufacturer are on all containers andremain legible
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Container Labeling Exemption forPortable Containers
The employer is not required to label portablecontainers into which hazardous chemicals aretransferred from labeled containers, and whichare intended only for the immediate use bythe employee who performs the transfer
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The employer need notaffix new labels to comply
with the standard ifexisting labels already covey
the required information
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New Hazard Information
Manufacturers, importers,distributors and employerswho become newly aware of
significant informationregarding chemical hazardsshall:
Revise the labels for thechemical within three months
Revise the MSDS for thechemical within three months
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MSDS kept in other formsMSDS may be kept in any form includingoperating procedures
It may be more appropriate to address the
hazards of a process rather than individualhazardous chemicals
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Employee Information andTraining
Employers must provide employeesinformation and training on hazardouschemicals in their work area: At the time of their initial assignment
Whenever a new physical or health hazard
the employees have not previously beentrained about is introduced into their workarea
Training may cover categories of hazards
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Employee Information
Employers must inform employees: Of the training requirements of this section(1910.1200 (h) Employee information andtraining. );
Any operations in their work area wherehazardous chemicals are present;
The location and availability of the written hazardcommunication program
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Employee TrainingEmployee training shall include at least: The means to detect the presence or release of a
hazardous chemical in the work area The physical and health hazards of chemicals in
the work area Measures employees can take to protect
themselves Details of the employers specific program
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3/24/2014Industrial Safety Lecture Three 29
Health Hazards
Category A-Biological AgentsCategory B-Physical Agents
Category C-Chemical Agents
Chemical Agents-This Discussion
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Chemical Health Effects
Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact.Corrosives: Destroy skin ti ssue at point ofcontact.Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions.Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specif icbody or gans and systems.Reproductive Hazards: Change geneticinformation in egg or sperm cells and/ordamage fetus after conception.Carcinogens: Cause cancer .
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Health Hazards
SensitizersTarget-Organ Chemicals
Reproductive HazardsCarcinogens
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Health Hazards
IrritantsCorrosives
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Corrosive
Visible destruction, or irreversible damage tobody tissue
Acids
Caustics (or bases)
pH Scale
1 147
AcidsCaustics(or bases)
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HepatotoxinsChemicals which produce liver damage
Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver
enlargement
Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride,
nitrosamines
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Nephrotoxins
Chemicals whichproduce kidney damage
Signs and Symptoms:Edema
Chemicals: Halogenated
Hydrocarbons, uranium
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NeurotoxinsChemicals whichproduce their primarytoxic effects on the
nervous systemSigns and Symptoms:Narcosis, behavioral
changes, decreasedmotor function
Chemicals: Mercury,
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Agents which act on the blood
Decrease hemoglobin
function, deprive the
body tissues of oxygen
Signs and Symptoms:Cyanosis, loss of
consciousness
Chemicals: Carbon
monoxide, cyanides
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Agents which damage the lungs
Chemicals whichdamage pulmonary
tissue
Signs and Symptoms:
Cough, tightness in
the chest, loss ofbreath
Chemicals: Asbestos,
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Reproductive toxinsChemicals which damage
reproductive capabilities
Includes chromosomal
damage (mutations) anddamage to fetuses
(teratogenesis)
Signs and Symptoms:
Birth defects, sterility
Chemicals: Lead
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1910 1200 (g)(2) MSDS
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1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS,required information
Identity of the chemicalPhysical and chemicalcharacteristics
Physical hazardsChemical hazards
Primary routes of entry
PELs or otherexposure limits
Control measures
Emergency procedures
Whether the hazardouschemical is listed in theNational ToxicologyProgram (NTP) AnnualReport on Carcinogens
precautions for safehandling and use
Date of preparation
Name, address andtelephone of the
manufacturer
l f h f
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Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of Labor
May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form)
29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements.Form Approved
OMB No. 1218-0072
IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. Ifany item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked toindicate that.
Section I
Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number
Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number forInformation
Date Prepared
Signature of Preparer (optional)
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Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information
Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity;
Common Name(s)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other
Limits
Recommended % (optional)
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Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H 2O = 1)
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point
Vapor Density (AIR = 1) Evaporation Rate(Butyl Acetate = 1)
Solubility in Water
Appearance and Odor
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Section V Reactivity Data
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Section V - Reactivity Data
Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid
Stable
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)
Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts
HazardousPolymerization May Occur Conditions to Avoid
Will Not Occur
Section VI Health Hazard Data
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Section VI - Health Hazard Data
Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion?
Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)
Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHARegulated?
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure
Medical ConditionsGenerally Aggravated by Exposure
Emergency and First Aid Procedures
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Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled
Waste Disposal Method
Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing
Other Precautions
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Setting up a program
The HCS covers both: Physical hazards (such as flammability),
and
Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage,and cancer)
Most chemicals used in the workplace havesome hazard potential, and thus will becovered by the rule
S i
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Setting up a programOne difference between this rule and manyothers adopted by OSHA is that this one isperformance-oriented
That means that you have the flexibility toadapt the rule to the needs of your workplace,rather than having to follow specific, rigid
requirements
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Make a list of all chemicals in the workplacethat are potentially hazardousThe best way to prepare a comprehensivelist is to survey the workplace
Identify chemicals in containers, includingpipesEstablish purchasing procedures so that
MSDSs are being received before amaterial is used in the workplace
Setting up a program
Identif ha ardo s
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Identify hazardouschemicals in the workplace.
Compile a complete list of the potentiallyhazardous chemicals in the workplaceDetermine if you have received material
safety data sheets for all of themIf any are missing, contact your supplierand request one
You should not allow employees to useany chemicals for which you have notreceived an MSDS
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Preparing and implementing a hazardcommunication program
All workplaces where employees
are exposed to hazardous
chemicals must have a written
plan
The plan does not have to be
lengthy or complicated
E l i i
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Employee trainingIf there are only a few chemicals in theworkplace, then you may want to discuss eachone individually
Where there are large numbers of chemicals,or the chemicals change frequently, you willprobably want to train generally based on the
hazard categories (e.g., flammable liquids,corrosive materials, carcinogens)
D i
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DocumentationThe rule does not requireemployers to maintainrecords of employee
training, but manyemployers choose to do so
This may help you monitor
your own program toensure that all employeesare appropriately trained
HazardCommunication
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Forms of Chemical Hazards
Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists,Dusts, and Fumes.
Exposure Routes
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Control of Chemical Hazards
and ExposuresEngineer ing and M echanical ControlsPersonal Protective Equipment
Administrative and Procedural Controls
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Chemical Spill Response
Requires Special Training
What can I do?
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Chemical Spill ResponseCFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard
(HAZWOPER)
Option #1-Evacuate employees and call inprofessional emergency responsepersonnel . (EAP) 29 CF R1010.38(a)
Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR1010.120
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Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
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Emergency Response Plan
(ERP)
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Review
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Review1. Give the names of the two chemical hazards.2. What name is given to a chemical which will burst intoflame when contacted by air?3. What term is given to chemicals which can cause and/or support fire in other materials?4. What is a health hazard?5. Which kind of health hazard destroys skin on contact?6. Chemicals that cause sterility, fetal death, and birthdefects are called ____________.7. What is a carcinogen?8. Give the three states in which a chemical can exist.
9. Give the three ways employees can be exposed tohealth hazards.10.What are the most common skin contact hazards?11.What is an MSDS?12 What kind of information is found on the MSDS?