Lecture 3Lecture 3Overview of the BodyOverview of the BodyA Brief Introduction

Reflection:Reflection:“Your body is a temple, only if

you treat it as one”

***Select 2 topics***Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) on your interpretation of the quote .Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) about what you believe is an “amazing” function of the human body.Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) about ways people do NOT treat their body as a “temple.”

ObjectivesObjectivesList seven cell functionsIdentify three main parts of the

cell & explain their functionsDescribe the relationship

between cells, tissues, organs, and systems of the body

Identify terms relating to the body

Do NowDo Now

Explain why health care workers must have a basic knowledge of body structures and how they function.

The CellThe CellCell – smallest structural section

in the body that is capable of independent functioning.◦building block of the body◦Microscopic: can only be seen w/ a

microscopeBody is made up of millions cells

◦Each cell is programmed for a specific job

◦Many cells repair themselves

The CellThe CellEach cell

◦Reproduces◦Grows◦Uses oxygen & nutrients◦Digests food for energy◦Eliminates waster◦Produces heat & energy◦Able to move around

Structure of the CellStructure of the CellNucleus: regulates cell; vital for cell’s

growth, metabolism, reproduction, and transmitted characteristics

Cytoplasm: jellylike liquid that surrounds nucleus; where the activities of cell occur

Cell membrane: thin, soft layer that surrounds the cell & holds it together; allows matter to flow in and out of the cell

TissuesTissuesTissues: groups of cells of the

same type that act together to perform a specific function◦Tissues have a specific job

Four primary kinds of tissues◦Nerve◦Epithelial◦Connective ◦Muscle

What about blood? How do we classify blood?

Blood is a connective

tissue!

Tissues of the BodyTissues of the BodyType of Tissue Location in the

BodyFunction

Nerve tissue Throughout the body

Sends impulses to/from the central nervous system & to/from the body systems

Epithelial tissue Forms the outer skin and lines body cavities and passages to the outside of the body

Protects, secretes, absorbs, & receives sensations (e.g., hot, cold, pressure)

Connective tissue Bones, tendons, fat tissue**Blood

Binds, supports & connects body tissues

Muscle tissue1.Cardiac2.Smooth3.Striated

1.Heart muscle2.Internal organs (stomach, diaphragm)3.Throughout body for movement

1.Contracts heart2.Contracts internal organs3.Contracts & flexes to allow movement

OrgansOrgansOrgans are made up of

specialized tissues that allow each part of an organ to performs its own specific function.

Several different types of tissue for one organ◦Example: heart = connective +

cardiac + nerve

SystemsSystemsSystem is a group of organs

working together to perform a certain function

The Body SystemsThe Body SystemsSkeletal systemMuscular systemCirculatory

systemLymphatic

systemRespiratory

systemDigestive system

Excretory/Urinary system

Endocrine system

Nervous systemReproductive

systemIntegumentary

system

The Organization The Organization

Planes & Directions of the Planes & Directions of the BodyBodyYou must know

◦To document information about patients

◦To specify regions or directions

Common Planes of the Common Planes of the BodyBodyAxial/Transverse

plane (horizontal)◦ Upper vs. Lower

Coronal/Frontal plane (vertical)◦ Front vs. Back

Sagittal planes◦ Left vs. Right

Most Common Body Most Common Body DirectionsDirectionsCranial (superior): located near the

headCaudal (inferior): located toward the

sacral (tailbone) regionSuperior: above or in a higher position

◦The head is superior to neckInferior: below, lower

◦The knee is inferior to thighVentral or anterior: located near the

surface or in front of coronal (frontal) plane

Dorsal or posterior: located to the back of the coronal plane

Most Common Body Most Common Body DirectionsDirectionsMedial: near the center or

midline of the sagittal plane◦Think of midline as dividing body in ½

Lateral: away from the midline of the sagittal plane

Proximal: nearest point of attachment

Distal: farthest from the point of attachment or the midline

Body DirectionsBody Directions

Cavities of the BodyCavities of the BodyWe have cavities

◦in the front of our body = ventral ◦in the back of our body = dorsal

Ventral Cavities - FrontVentral Cavities - FrontThoracic Cavity – houses the

heart, lungs, large blood vesselsAbdominal Cavity – houses the

stomach, most of the intestines, kidney, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen

Pelvic Cavity – houses the urinary bladder, part of intestine, rectum, parts of reproductive system

Dorsal Cavities - BackDorsal Cavities - BackCranial cavity – houses the brainSpinal/Vertebral cavity – houses

the spinal cord

Body CavitiesBody Cavities

Jobs & ProfessionsJobs & ProfessionsMedical Doctor (MD or DO)

A licensed physician responsible for comprehensive patient care

MicrobiologistA scientist who studies microbes, or living

organisms and infectious agents that are too small to be seen by the naked eye

PathologistMedical doctor who examines tissue

specimens, cells, & bodily fluids through laboratory tests then interprets results for diagnosis

Jobs & ProfessionsJobs & ProfessionsRegistered Nurse (RN)

Involved in all aspects of patient care from treating, giving medication to performing tests

Nurse Practitioner (NP)RN who received additional education &

clinical training in diagnosis & treatment of illness

License Practical (LPN) & Vocational Nurse (LVN)Provides basic bedside care for patients

under supervision of a MD/DO or RNNursing Assistant (NA)

Work under direct supervision of nurse