Lecture 4: 9/5/2002 CS170 Fall 2002 1

CS170 Computer Organization and Architecture I

Ayman Abdel-Hamid

Department of Computer Science

Old Dominion University

Lecture 4: 9/5/2002

Lecture 4: 9/5/2002 CS170 Fall 2002 2

Outline

•Technology trends

•Some history!

•Summary of chapter 1

Today we should wrap up chapter 1

Lecture 4: 9/5/2002 CS170 Fall 2002 3

Technology Dramatic change

• Processor– logic capacity: about 30% per year

–clock rate: about 20% per year

• Memory–DRAM capacity: about 60% per year (4x every 3 years)

–Memory speed: about 10% per year

–Cost per bit: improves about 25% per year

• Disk–capacity: about 60% per year

©UCB Fall 1997

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Workstations Performance Increase

COPYRIGHT 1998 MORGAN KAUFMANN PUBLISHERS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Improvement of 54% per year

2x every 18 months

Based on integer SPEC92 benchmarks

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Some History!Timeline of Computing History (IEEE Computer) (http://www.computer.org/computer/timeline/)

The History of computing (Virginia Tech) (http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/)

Chronology of historical events in Computing (Hofstra University)(http://www.hofstra.edu/Academics/HCLAS/CSC/ComputingHistory/CompHist_timeline.cfm)

•ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (1946)

•considered world’s first general-purpose electronic computer

•80 feet long by 8.5 feet high and several feet wide

•Data entered on punched cards

COPYRIGHT 1998 MORGAN KAUFMANN PUBLISHERS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

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Some History!Computer generations

Generation Dates Technology Principal new Product

1 1950-1959 Vacuum Tubes Commercial Electronic Computer

2 1960-1968 Transistors Cheaper Computers

3 1969-1977 Integrated Circuit Minicomputer

4 1978-? LSI and VLSI PC and workstations

Fig. 1.29 Page 42

Fig. 1.30 Page 43

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Summary of Chapter 1

•Computer Components

•Computer architecture and organization

•Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

•Technology (Cost of Integrated Circuits)

A Look Ahead Chapter 2

•Performance measures.

•Execution time is the only adequate measure of performance

•Benchmarks: what are they and how are they used to evaluate performance