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1992-2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. & John Wiley & SonsSome portions are adopted from C++ f or Everyone by Horstmann

ENGR 1200U Introduction to Programming

Lecture 4

Data Representation & Storage (contd)

Simple C++ Programs (Chapter 2)

Dr. Eyhab Al-Masri

ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

Convert the following:

2410 = ?2

24 23 22 21 20

16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 0 0

16 8

110002=2410

24 / 2 = 12 rem 0

12 / 2 = 6 rem 0

6 / 2 = 3 rem 0

3 / 2 = 1 rem 1

1 / 2 = X rem 1 MSB

LSB

110002=2410

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ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

Computers use electricity for data processingand storage

Electricity can flow through switches If switch is closed, electricity flows If switch is open, electricity does not flow

Computers have switches to represent data Switches have only two states: ON and OFF Binary has two digits: 0 and 1

1 for the ON state, 0 for the OFF state

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Winter 2013 - UOIT

Computer manufacturers express capacity ofmemory in terms of bytes

One byte can represent many different kinds ofdata This depends on how the computer creates the byte

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 64 0 0 0 0 0 165

ASCII A

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ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

0 64 0 0 0 0 2 066

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 64 0 0 0 0 1 167

ASCII C

ASCII B

ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

Digital photographs are composed of a grid of coloreddots A grid of pixels represents graphic data

Examples: pictures, frames of a movie, animations

Pixel is short for Picture Element In simple graphics, a byte can represent a single pixel

1 byte can hold 256 different integers (0 255)

10000000

01111100

11111010

11001100

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ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

Several graphic standard formats

Bitmap (.bmp) store every pixel of image

JPEG & GIF compressed formats

Instead of storing every pixel, store a pattern of pixels

Size of image is important particularly when sending picturesvia email, downloading them over the Web, etc

Primary goal of using these compressed formats is to shrinksize of image files without altering the quality of the image

A compression ratio is commonly adjusted to make graphic file

size smaller

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Winter 2013 - UOIT

Example: uncompressed, 84 kilobytes (JPEG)

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ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

Example: 20 compression, 37 kilobytes (JPEG)

ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

Example: 40 compression, 20 kilobytes (JPEG)

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ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

Example: 60 compression, 11 kilobytes (JPEG)

ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

Example: 80 compression, 8 kilobytes (JPEG)

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ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

Example: 100 compression, 5 kilobytes (JPEG)

1992-2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. & John Wiley & SonsSome portions are adopted from C++ f or Everyone by Horstmann

Simple C++ Programs (Chapter 2)

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ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

/*--------------------------------------------------------

* Program chapter1_1

* This program computes the distance between two points.

*/

#include // Required for cout, endl.

#include // Required for sqrt()

using namespace std;

int main()

{

// Declare and initialize objects.

double x1(1), y1(5), x2(4), y2(7),

side1, side2, distance;

// Compute sides of a right triangle.

side1 = x2 - x1;

side2 = y2 - y1;

distance = sqrt(side1*side1 + side2*side2);

// Print distance.

cout

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ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

/*--------------------------------------------------------

* Program chapter1_1

* This program computes the distance between two points.

*/

#include // Required for cout, endl.

#include // Required for sqrt()

using namespace std;

int main()

{

// Declare and initialize objects.

double x1(1), y1(5), x2(4), y2(7),

side1, side2, distance;

// Compute sides of a right triangle.

side1 = x2 - x1;

side2 = y2 - y1;

distance = sqrt(side1*side1 + side2*side2);

// Print distance.

cout

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ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

/*--------------------------------------------------------

* Program chapter1_1

* This program computes the distance between two points.

*/

#include // Required for cout, endl.

#include // Required for sqrt()

using namespace std;

int main()

{

// Declare and initialize objects.

double x1(1), y1(5), x2(4), y2(7),

side1, side2, distance;

// Compute sides of a right triangle.

side1 = x2 - x1;

side2 = y2 - y1;

distance = sqrt(side1*side1 + side2*side2);

// Print distance.

cout

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ENGR 1200U

Winter 2013 - UOIT

/*--------------------------------------------------------

* Program chapter1_1

* This program computes the distance between two points.

*/

#include // Required for cout, endl.

#include // Required for sqrt()

using namespace std;

int main()

{

// Declare and initialize objects.

double x1(1), y1(5), x2(4), y2(7),

side1, side2, distance;

// Compute sides of a right triangle.

side1 = x2 - x1;

side2 = y2 - y1;

distance = sqrt(side1*side1 + side2*side2);

// Print distance.

cout