RESEARCH ON ELT I

Lecture IV

Rida Wahyuningrum

English Department

Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Types of research fall into

four categories:

1. Applied Research2. Basic/Pure Research3. Obstrusive Research4.Non-Obstrusive Research

Applied Research

The purpose of applied research is to solve an immediate, practical problem

Basic/Pure Research

The purpose of pure research is to add to the existing body of knowledge. It does not necessairily provide results of immediate, practical use.

Obstrusive Research

This kind of research allows the researcher to introduce conditions that influence participants. In this, the researcher manipulates the environment.

Non-Obstrusive

Research

In this kind of research, the researcher avoids influencing subjects in any way and tries to be as inconspicious as possible.

FOUR MAIN TYPES OF RESEARCH

1. Historical Research2. Descriptive Research3. Correlation Research4. Experimental Research

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

Describes what was mostly non-obstrusive.It is a systematic process of searching for information and fact to describe, analyse, or interpret the past.Value: providing prospective for decision making about current problems and issues are often better understood if we understand the historical perspective.Sources: having good backed sources to protect from criticism and most common sources are past records.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

Describes what is mostly non-obstrusive.It describes, interprets, and clarifies what in the present, often done with surveys or by observation.Example: developmental research is one common type of descriptive research which involves the study of changes in behaviour over a period of time.

CORRELATION RESEARCH

Makes comparisons, looking for trends or tendencies.The purpose is to find relationships between two or more variable so:1. to better understand the conditions and

events that we encounter what goes with what)

2. to predict future conditions and events.3. Correlations do not show cause and

effect.

CORRELATION RESEARCH

Coefficients of Correlation:-Range from -1 to 1-The farther the number is away from 0 the higher the correlation-A negative correlation suggest an inverse effect-A 1 or -1 shows a perfect correlation-A correlation of 0 indicates no relationship

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Describes what will be mostly obstrusive.It is a research situation where at least one independent variable, called the experimental variable, is deliberately manipulated or varied by the researcher.

Variable: element or characteristic being studied

Parameter: element that remains unchanged (age, number of subjects)

IN SUMMARY

To sum up with, types of research will go with the evidence of effectiveness (low to high).They can be summed up in a simple and brief description as it will be shown in the next slide.

NEXT

SOME OTHER TYPES

1. Survey 2. Ex-post Facto3. Qualitative4. Quantitative5. Case Study6. Comparative7. Correlative8. Experimental (true and quasi)

STUDENTS TASKGroup Presentation II

1. Check the type of research you are assigned for by looking into which group you belong to.

2. Find the detailed information about the type, which include:a. Principles and characteristicsb. Steps to conduct the research

STUDENTS TASKGroup Presentation II

3. Write a short summary about point 1.

4. Find a model of a research paper that suits point 1.

5. Identify what you can see in point 1 upon the model.

6. Create a presentation to report what you accomplish in point 1 and point 5.

THE TOPICS

FOR

THE TASK

1. Group 1 : Survey and Ex-post Facto Researches2. Group 2 : Qualitative and Quantitative Researches3. Group 3 : Case Study and Comparative Researches4. Group 4 : Correlative and Experiment (true and

quasi) Researches

Rida Wahyuningrum

English Department

Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya