Helpan (Infinitive) - hulpon (Past Plural) ge- yfel (bad) - wiersa wierest bon, wesan

A synthetic language:grammatical ending sound interchange grammatical prefixes suppletive formation

GenderNumber Case

NominativeAccusativeGenitiveDativeInstrumental

Nominative: se cyningAccusative: elbald lufode one cyning "elbald loved the kingGenitive: s cyninges scipDative: hringas m cyningeInstrumental: lifde sweorde - "he lived by the sword"

Strong declension (Vocalic stems)WeakdeclensionRoot-stemsOther minor stemsr-, s-, nd- a-stemsja-, wa-stems -stems j-, w-stems i-stems u-stems n-stems MNFMNFMFMNFMFMNF

MasculineNeuterFeminineSg.PL.Sg.PL.Sg.PL.

Nom--as--u (-)--aGenes -a -es a -e -a Dat-e-um-e-um-e-umAcc--as--u (-)-e-a

Nomstn stnasGenstnesstnaDatstnestnumAccstnstnas

Scip (Neuter) shipTale (Feminine) tale

scipSingularPluralAccusative(t) scip() scipuGenitive(s) scipes(ra) scipaDative(m) scipe(m) scipumNominative(t) scip() scipu

Masculine:earm (an arm), eorl, hring (a ring), Neuter dor (a gate), hof (a courtyard), bearn (a child), dor (an animal)

Sg.Pl.Nom--aGen-a-aDat-a-umAcc--a

wita (a wizard), steorra (a star), heorte (a heart), sunne (Sun), tima, Sg.Pl.N--anG-an-enaD-an-umA-an-an

The old case endings were added directly to the final consonant of the root (no stem suffix)The i-mutation ruleThe root vowel is changed during the declensionEg. ft

hnutugsmstbcls

r-stems for family relatives :dohtor mdor (e)s-stems for children and cubs:cild 'a child', cealf 'a calflamb

nd stemsfrond,HettendHlendWealendgend

First personCaseSingularDualPluralNom.icwitwGen.mnuncerre, serDat.muncsAcc.mec, muncitsic, s

Second personCaseSingularDualPluralNom.gitgGen.nincerowerDat.incowAcc.c, incit, incowic, ow

Third personMasc.Fem.NeuterPluralNom.hho, hohithe,h, hoGen.hishire, hierehishira,heora,hiera, hyraDat.himhire, hierehimhim, heomAcc.hinehe, h, hhithe, h, ho

s, so, ts, s, is

SingularPluralMasculine FeminineNeuter Nominativessot Genitivesres ra, raDativemrem m, mAccusativeonet Instrumental, on , on

hw? (who?) and hwt? (what?)

Nominative hw hwtAccusative hws hwsGenitive hwm hwmDative hwone hwt Instrumental hw, hw

hwilc? (which)

gehw (every) declined as hw;gehwilc (each), ger (either), lc (each), swilc (such) 3. s ilca declined as a weak adjective.

Indefinite pronounssum (some), nig (any)Negativenn, nning (no) declined as strong adjectives.

I. What kind of declension type of OE do you remember?What type of declension did such nouns as tooth, foot, man, goose, mouse belong to in OE?II. What kinds of pronouns existed in OE?Which pronouns had the dual number?

Strong men sindon gde gd mans gda man, y betstan lde(with the best song).

s gda man, y betstan lde(with the best song).

weakMasculineNeuterFeminineSingularNominativeblacablaceblaceGenitiveblacanblacanblacanDativeblacanblacanblacanAccusativeblacanblaceblacan

MasculineNeuterFeminineSingularNominativeblcblcblacuGenitiveblacesblacesblcreDativeblacumblacumblcreAccusativeblcneblcblace

Positive degreeComparative degreeSuperlative degreeearm (poor)earmraearmostblc (black)blcrablacost

Positive degreeComparative degreeSuperlative degree gd (good)beteraslra betst slestyfel (bad)wiersawierestmicel (large)mramst ltel (little)lssa lst