Lecture 6Lecture 6

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions andand

National CultureNational Culture

http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/

National National Regional / Ethnic / Religious / Regional / Ethnic / Religious /

Linguistic Linguistic GenderGender GenerationalGenerational SocietalSocietal OrganizationalOrganizational

Levels of CultureLevels of Culture

Power-DistancePower-Distance Individualism-CollectivismIndividualism-Collectivism Masculinity-FemininityMasculinity-Femininity Uncertainty AvoidanceUncertainty Avoidance Long-term OrientationLong-term Orientation

Geert HofstedeGeert Hofstede’’s s Cultural DimensionsCultural Dimensions

The extent to which the The extent to which the less less powerful memberspowerful members of a society of a society acceptaccept and and expectexpect that power is that power is distributed unequally.distributed unequally.

Power-DistancePower-Distance

The degree to which individuals are The degree to which individuals are integrated into groups integrated into groups

INDIVIDUALISMINDIVIDUALISM

Emphasis on self vs. social groupEmphasis on self vs. social group

COLLECTIVISMCOLLECTIVISM

Emphasis on social group vs. selfEmphasis on social group vs. self

Individualism-CollectivismIndividualism-Collectivism

The extent to which gender roles in a The extent to which gender roles in a culture are expected and clearly definedculture are expected and clearly defined

Emphasis on: Emphasis on:

assertiveness & materialism assertiveness & materialism

vs. vs.

relationships & leisure time relationships & leisure time

Masculinity-FemininityMasculinity-Femininity

The extent to which a society feels The extent to which a society feels

threatened or is comfortable by threatened or is comfortable by

uncertain and ambiguous situationsuncertain and ambiguous situations

Uncertainty AvoidanceUncertainty Avoidance

New Dimension to developed to New Dimension to developed to describe the differences between describe the differences between East and West culturesEast and West cultures

Long-Term OrientationLong-Term Orientation

Long-Term Orientation Long-Term Orientation DimensionDimension

Long-term orientationLong-term orientation PersistencePersistence Ordering relationships Ordering relationships

by status & following by status & following thisthis

ThriftThrift Sense of shameSense of shame

Short-term Short-term orientationorientation Personal steadiness Personal steadiness

and stabilityand stability Protecting your Protecting your ‘‘faceface’’ Respect or traditionRespect or tradition Reciprocation of Reciprocation of

greetings, favors, and greetings, favors, and gifts gifts

Cultural Dimensions Scores Cultural Dimensions Scores

for 64 Countriesfor 64 Countrieshttp://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/power-distance-index/