Lecture 6- Network Scheduling Techniques Vi

Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

BI 6

Cc k thut ln lch trnh

Gii thiu

Phn quan trng trong hoch nh d n xc nh mtcch logic lung cng vic gm cc hot ng khcnhau m bn xc nh trong Cu trc phn chia cngvic (WBS)

Cc s mng li c s dng nhm th hinbng ha k hoch hot ng phi c tin hnh hon thnh d n

S minh ha cc hot ng phi c thc hintheo mt trnh t

Th hin trnh t cc bc v s ph thuc ca ccbc

Phn mm qun l d n s t ng chun b cc s mng li v biu hnh ct

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Project Management


Cc k thut ln lch trnh

Biu Gantt hoc biu hnh ct

Biu mc thi gian

Biu tin

Cc mng li K thut xem xt v nh gi chng trnh (PERT)

Phng php s mi tn (ADM) [i khi cnc gi l Phng php ng gng (CPM)]

Phng php biu trnh t (PDM)

K thut xem xt v nh gi bng ha (GERT)

3

Nhng li ch ca cc k thut ln lch trnh

Lm c s hoch nh v d on, ng thi xc nhphng thc s dng cc ngun lc

Cung cp tm nhn kim sot

Gip ban qun tr nh gi cc gii php thay th

L c s c c cc thng tin thc t nhm phc vcng tc ra quyt nh

p dng phn tch mng li thi gian

L cu trc c bn bo co thng tin

Th hin mi quan h ph thuc ln nhau gia cc hotng

Xc nh ng ti hn di nht hay ng gng

H tr phn tch ri ro ln lch4

Project Management


S ph thuc ln nhau gia cchot ng

5

S ph thuc ln nhau gia cc phn vic

Bn cht ca s ph thuc ln nhau gia cc phn vic c kt ni vi nhau. Bn kt ni cc phn vic bngcch ch ra s ph thuc ln nhau gia cc ngy kt thc v bt u ca cc phn vic . V d nhim vLin h vi nh cung cp thc phm phi hon thnh trc khi bt u nhim v Xc nh thc n. C 4 loi quan h ph thuc trong d n Microsoft:

S ph thuc ln nhau V d M tgia cc phn vic

FS

SS

FF

SF

Phn vic B khng th bt u cho n khi phn vic A hon thnh

Phn vic B khng th bt u cho n khi phn vic A bt u

Phn vic B khng th hon thnh cho n khi phn vic A honthnh

Phn vic B khng th hon thnh cho n khi phn vic A bt u.

Nhng li ch ca cc k thut ln lch trnh

Lm c s hoch nh v d on, ng thi xc nhphng thc s dng cc ngun lc

Cung cp tm nhn kim sot

Gip ban qun tr nh gi cc gii php thay th

L c s c c cc thng tin thc t nhm phc vcng tc ra quyt nh

p dng phn tch mng li thi gian

L cu trc c bn bo co thng tin

Th hin mi quan h ph thuc ln nhau gia cc hotng

Xc nh ng ti hn di nht hay ng gng

H tr phn tch ri ro ln lch6

Project Management


Biu GANTT

Biu Gantt l mt loi biu ct, minh ha cc ngy btu v hon thnh ca cc phn vic u cui v cc phn victng hp ca mt d n

Biu Gantt do Karol Adamiecki gii thiu vo nm 1896, vdo Henry Gantt pht trin vo nhng nm 1910

Biu Gantt l mt trong nhng cng c ph bin v hu hiunht th hin cc hot ng (cc phn vic hoc s kin) ctrnh by theo thi gian

7

Lch trnh d n mu

VicNgy

1Ngy 2

Ngy3

Ngy4

Ngy 5

Ngy6

Ngy 7

Ngy8

A

B

C

8

V d v Biu Gantt

Hin ti

Bo tr

Bt u 1 hot ng

Kt thc1 hotngThi gianphn b chohot ngtheo lch trnh

Tin cngvic thc t

Thi gian nhnri

Thi imbiu c xemxt li

Project Management


Biu mc thi gian

Mt cng c nh du cc mc thi gian c th ca 1 d n. Cc mc thi gian ny ch trng vo cc mctin cn t c d n thnh cng

Lch trnh cc mc thi gian d n gm cc thng tin sau:

Ngy khi cng d n

Ngy hon thnh d n

Cc mc thi gian khc (cc cuc hp hay th nghim)

Cc mc d liu (sn phm chuyn giao hoc bo co)

Mc thi gian l mt cng c tt nhm xc nh xem liud n ca bn c i theo ng lch trnh hay khng v lmt cng c hu ch bo co ln ban qun tr.

9

Cc lch trnh theo mc thi gian

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Cc mc thi gian cn thit

Pht trin ti liu v chng trnh khchhng mi

Hon thnh k hoch marketing v qung b

H tr marketing

Cp nht website v phng tin truynthng

Gi th phc v chin dch v marketing txa

Thng4

Thng5

Thng6

Project Management


Phn tch mng li

Bt cp chnh ca biu Gantt v biu mc thi gian lhai biu ny khng th ch ra c mi quan h ph thucln nhau gia cc s kin v hot ng

Biu phn tch mng li c th cung cp cc thng tin gitr phc v cng tc hoch nh, s kt hp cc k hoch, nghin cu thi gian, qun l cng tc ln lch trnh v ccngun lc

Mng li gm cc s kin v hot ng

Biu c 2 loi nh dng khc nhau:

AON: Cc hot ng trn im (AIB- Cc hot ng trong )

AOA: Cc hot ng trn mi tn11

AON: Cc hot ng trn im

Khicng

B

ornh

At

hngng

ng

C

Giaong

D

tng

ng

Honthnh

Phng php biu trnh t

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Project Management


AOA: Cc hot ng trn mi tn

6 3

HON THNH TH NGHIM HON THNH BO CO CUI CNG

3 TUN

CH THCH

S KIN

HOT NG

HOT NG

K thut PERT tiu chun13

AOA: Thut ng

S kin: Tng ng vi mt mc thi gian ch ra thiim hot ng bt u hoc kt thc

Hot ng: Phn cng vic phi thc hin

Thi gian: Tng thi gian cn c hon thnh hotng

ng gng: ng di nht trong mng li, xc nhthi gian thc hin d n

Hot ng o: th hin mi quan h trnh t gia cchot ng v s dng khong thi gian bng 0

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Project Management


Cc mi quan h ph thuc ln nhau

7

26 18

31

7

18

31

26

BURST POINT SINK

15

16

a

b

c

d

e1

a

b

c

e

d

Hot ng c khng th ng trc hot ng e. S no ng?

SAI NG


Project Management


Mng li PERT gin ha

1 9

3

4

2 8765

CH THCH: (THI GIAN = TUN)

S KIN

HOT NG

HOT NG NG GNG

17

Cc hot ng o

A

B

C

D

O

HOT NGHOT NGTRC

A -B -C B D A,B

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Project Management


19

a c

b d

b ng trc d

a

b

c

d

e

a v b ng trc d

a, b v c ng trc e


a v b ng trc c

20

a

b

c

d

e

a

b

c

d

e


d ph thuc vo a v b

c ch ph thuc vo a

e ch ph thuc vo b

d ph thuc vo a v b

e ph thuc vo b v c

Project Management


Xy dng mng li

1

2

1

a

b

c

d

e

a

b

e

c d

SAI NG

1

2

3

a

b

c

d

e

f

1

42

3

a d

b

c f

e

a,b,c phi ng trc d, nhng ch c a , b ng trc e

a ng trc d

a v b ngtrc d

b v c ngtrc d

SAING

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D ton thi gian ca hot ng

PERT (K thut xem xt v nh gi chng trnh): Mt phng php phn tch cc phn vic lin quan hon thnh mt d n cho sn, c bit l thi gian cnthit hon thnh mi phn vic, ng thi xc nhthi gian ti thiu cn thit hon thnh d n.

Thi gian lc quan (a): thi gian ti thiu cn thit hon thnh mt phn vic

Thi gian bi quan (b): thi gian ti a cn thit hon thnh mt phn vic

Thi gian d xy ra (M): c tnh thi gian hiu qunht cn c hon thnh mt phn vic

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Project Management


Thi gian d kin (TE): c tnh thi gian hiu qu nhtcn c hon thnh mt phn vic

TE = (a + 4M + b) / 6

lch chun ca hot ng

= ( b - a ) / 6

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D ton thi gian ca hot ng

Ph v lch trnh

Nu lch trnh m bn vch ra khng cho php d nhon thnh ng thi im nh mong mun, bn c lphi hnh ng gim thi gian hon thnh d n.

iu ny cn c gi l ph v lch trnh.

Bn cn phi xem xt cc gii php thuc cc mng vd nh sau:

Cc ngun lc

Cc hot ng

Cc mc tiu ca d n

Hy tm kim cc gii php mang n sc p ln nhtvi chi ph thp nht.

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Project Management


Sc p lch trnh

B mt s phn trong d n

Thm mt s ngun lc

Thay th mt s thnh phn hoc hot ngtn t thi gian hn

Tin hnh song song cc hot ng

Rt ngn cc hot ng trong ng gng

Rt ngn cc hot ng din ra sm

Rt ngn cc hot ng mt thi gian nht25

Sc p lch trnh

Rt ngn cc hot ng d thc hin

Rt ngn cc hot ng c chi ph thp y nhanh tin

Rt ngn cc hot ng bn c thmngun lc

Tng s gi lm vic/ngy

(Tip)

26

Project Management


Cn i ngun lc

Cn i ngun lc l mt n lc nhm xa b mc cao nht v thp nht v nhn lc bng cch gii quyt n tha cc yu cu v ngun lc theo tng giai on

Trng hp l tng l thc hin cn i ngun lc m khng thay i ngy kt thc. Tuy nhin, trn thc t, ngy kt thc thay i v cc chi phcng pht sinh.

27

Phn b ngun lc

Phn b ngun lc (hay cn gi l hoch nh hn ch cc ngun lc) l mt n lc nhm tm ra ng gng ngn nht c th da trn cc ngun lc c nh hoc sn c

Phng php ny c vn l nhn vin cth khng trnh k thut thc hincng vic thuc hai hot ng tr ln trong mtmng li.

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Project Management


Hot ng xy dng mt trm bm

Hotng

M t hot ngThi gian,

ngyCc hot ng

ng ngay trc1 Khi cng 02 Huy ng 2 13 Kho st 1 24 nh gi cng trng 2 25 Chn rnh 5 3,46 b tng 5 5,87 Bo dng b tng 8 68 Thit k b tng v nguyn vt liu 5 19 Lp t cc phn bng kim loi c sn 4 1

10 Cc nguyn vt liu bm, my bm 5 111 Cc nguyn vt liu in, n, bng in 5 112 Lp my bm 7 7,9,1013 Chnh thp kt cu 4 7,9,1014 Cng tc mi v ng trnh 5 1315 Lp n v bng in 3 11,1416 Th nghim bm 2 1217 Sn 3 1518 Kt thc 0 16, 17

Hot ng trn lp: 6a

V mt s mng li s dng cc chi tittrong slide trc.

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Project Management


Mng li cp bc

Nhim v 1 2 3 4 5

4

Cc thng sau tip tc tin trin

3

2

1

5

Cc mi tng quan trn biu ct

31

Cc loi biu mng

Hot ng 1

Hot ng 1

Hot ng 2

Hot ng 2Kt-n-Khi

Khi-n-Khi

Kt Khi

Khi

Khi

32

Project Management


HOT NG 1

HOT NG 1

HOT NG 2

HOT NG 2

Kt-n-Kt

T l hon thnh

KtKt

20 %

50 %

Cc loi biu mng

33

KHI SM01/06/97

THI LNG2 TUN LM VIC

KT SM14/06/97

HOT NG 4

THI GIAN D TR TON PHN(TS)

$250,000

KHI MUN15/06/97

CHI PH/LI NHUNTRUNG TM 2810

KT MUN28/06/97

THI GIAN D TRRING PHN (FS)

THNG TIN HOT NG

34

Project Management


35

Cu Hi?

Documents

Lecture 6- Network Scheduling Techniques Vi