Пединститут ЮФУПединститут ЮФУТема: Тема: Syntactic expressive means Syntactic expressive means

and stylistic devicesand stylistic devices

Волгина Екатерина АндреевнаВолгина Екатерина Андреевна

Кандидат филологических наук, доцент Кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры теории и практики кафедры теории и практики

английского языка, английского языка,

Ул.Большая Садовая,33.тел.240-82-09Ул.Большая Садовая,33.тел.240-82-09

г.Ростов-на-Дону, 1г.Ростов-на-Дону, 122..110.2011.0.2011.

Волгина Екатерина Волгина Екатерина АндреевнаАндреевна

• Кандидат филологических наук, Кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры теории и практики доцент кафедры теории и практики

английского языка, английского языка,

• Ул.Большая Садовая,33.тел.240-82-09Ул.Большая Садовая,33.тел.240-82-09

• г.Ростов-на-Дону, 12.10.2011г.Ростов-на-Дону, 12.10.2011

Syntactic expressive means and stylistic Syntactic expressive means and stylistic devicesdevices

• 1. Enumeration1. Enumeration

• 2. Suspence2. Suspence

• 3. Insertion3. Insertion

• 4.Polysyndeton4.Polysyndeton

• 5. Anadiplosis5. Anadiplosis

• 6. Question-in-the-Narrative6. Question-in-the-Narrative

• 7. Represented Speech7. Represented Speech

• 8. Rhetoric question8. Rhetoric question

Список источниковСписок источников• Арнольд И.В.Стилистика. Современный Арнольд И.В.Стилистика. Современный

английский язык. Учебник для вузов (7-ое английский язык. Учебник для вузов (7-ое издание). — М., Флинта-Наука. 2007.издание). — М., Флинта-Наука. 2007.

• Волгина Е.А. Стилистический анализ. РГПУ, Волгина Е.А. Стилистический анализ. РГПУ, 20042004

• Знаменская Т.А. Стилистика английского Знаменская Т.А. Стилистика английского языка (основы курса) М. 2002.языка (основы курса) М. 2002.

• Скребнев Ю. М. Основы стилистики Скребнев Ю. М. Основы стилистики английского языка М.: Высш.шк., 2002английского языка М.: Высш.шк., 2002

• Peter Verdonk. Stylistics.Oxford,2003Peter Verdonk. Stylistics.Oxford,2003..

• H.C.Widdowson. Practical Stylistics. Oxford H.C.Widdowson. Practical Stylistics. Oxford University Press, 1992.University Press, 1992.

ENUMERATIONENUMERATION(1)(1)ex. You’ve got other wishes, ambitions, ex. You’ve got other wishes, ambitions, dreams, now, and I want you to realize dreams, now, and I want you to realize them, and I want to help you to realize them, and I want to help you to realize

them all I can – that’s all. (Fox, The Trail of them all I can – that’s all. (Fox, The Trail of the Lonesome Pine)the Lonesome Pine)

ex. He simply went on working to make ex. He simply went on working to make out how he could best discharge the out how he could best discharge the obligations that he had voluntarily, obligations that he had voluntarily,

willingly, gladly, selfishly even, assumed. willingly, gladly, selfishly even, assumed. (ibid)(ibid)

ex. So the week was spent in ex. So the week was spent in shopping, driving and walking… (ibid)shopping, driving and walking… (ibid)

ENUMERATIONENUMERATION (2) (2)

•Holly, red berries, ivy, turkey, Holly, red berries, ivy, turkey, geese, geese,

•game, poultry, brawn, meat, pigs, game, poultry, brawn, meat, pigs,

•sausages, oysters, pies, puddings, sausages, oysters, pies, puddings,

•fruit and punch all vanished fruit and punch all vanished instantly. instantly.

Suspence (3)Suspence (3)

• MankindMankind, says a Chinese manuscript, , says a Chinese manuscript, which my friend M. was obliging which my friend M. was obliging enough to read and explain to me, enough to read and explain to me, for the first seventy thousand ages for the first seventy thousand ages ate their meat rawate their meat raw.. (Charles Lamb) (Charles Lamb)

INSERTIONINSERTION ( (44))• Ex. … he was struck by the thought (Ex. … he was struck by the thought (what devil’s whisper? – what evil what devil’s whisper? – what evil

hint of an evil spirit?)hint of an evil spirit?) - supposing that he and Roberta – no, say he and - supposing that he and Roberta – no, say he and Sondra – (Sondra – (no, Sondra could swim so well, and so could heno, Sondra could swim so well, and so could he) – he and ) – he and Roberta were in a small boat somewhere and it should capsize at the Roberta were in a small boat somewhere and it should capsize at the very time, say, of this dreadful complication which was so harassing very time, say, of this dreadful complication which was so harassing him? What an escape? What a relief from a gigantic and by now really him? What an escape? What a relief from a gigantic and by now really destroying problem! On the other hand – hold – not so fast! – for could a destroying problem! On the other hand – hold – not so fast! – for could a man even think of such a solution in connection with so difficult a man even think of such a solution in connection with so difficult a problem as this without committing a crime in his heart, really – a problem as this without committing a crime in his heart, really – a horrible, terrible crime. (Dreiser, An American Tragedy)horrible, terrible crime. (Dreiser, An American Tragedy)

• ..• Ex. Here is a long passage – Ex. Here is a long passage – what an enormous prospective I make what an enormous prospective I make

of it!of it! – leading from Peggotty’s kitchen to the front door. – leading from Peggotty’s kitchen to the front door.• ..• Ex. Mrs. Baynes, Bossinney’s aunt (Louisa was her name), was in Ex. Mrs. Baynes, Bossinney’s aunt (Louisa was her name), was in

her kitchen when June was announced, organizing cook, for she was an her kitchen when June was announced, organizing cook, for she was an excellent housewife…excellent housewife…

• ..• Ex. I return it, but should you think fit to invest it for the benefit of Ex. I return it, but should you think fit to invest it for the benefit of

the little chap (we call him Jolly) who bears our Christian and, by the little chap (we call him Jolly) who bears our Christian and, by courtesy, our surname I shall be very glad.courtesy, our surname I shall be very glad.

• •

POLYSYNDETONPOLYSYNDETON ((55))• Should you ask me, whence these stories?Should you ask me, whence these stories?• Whence these legends and traditions,Whence these legends and traditions,• With the odours of the forest,With the odours of the forest,• With the dew and damp of meadow,With the dew and damp of meadow,• With the curling smoke of wigwams,With the curling smoke of wigwams,• With the rushing of great rivers,With the rushing of great rivers,• With their frequent repetitions,With their frequent repetitions,• And their wild reverberations,And their wild reverberations,• As of thunder in the mountains?As of thunder in the mountains?

• Ex. …and when he stepped forward to go to Ex. …and when he stepped forward to go to his punishment, the surprise, the gratitude, the his punishment, the surprise, the gratitude, the adoration that shone upon him out of poor adoration that shone upon him out of poor Becky’s eyes seemed pay enough for a hundred Becky’s eyes seemed pay enough for a hundred floggings. (Twain, Tom Sawyer).floggings. (Twain, Tom Sawyer).

PolysyndetonPolysyndeton((66))• The Turks had come steadily The Turks had come steadily andand lumpily lumpily

andand he had seen the skirted men he had seen the skirted men running running andand the officers shooting into the officers shooting into them them andand running then themselves running then themselves andand the British observer had run too until his the British observer had run too until his lungs ached lungs ached andand his mouth was full of his mouth was full of the taste of pennies the taste of pennies andand they stopped they stopped behind some rocks behind some rocks andand there were the there were the Turks coming as lumpily as ever.Turks coming as lumpily as ever.

AsyndetonAsyndeton ( (77))

• The sky, the flowers, the song of The sky, the flowers, the song of birds.birds.

The Gap-Sentence LinkThe Gap-Sentence Link ( (88))

• It was not Capetown, where It was not Capetown, where people only frowned when they people only frowned when they saw a black boy and a white girl: saw a black boy and a white girl: But hereBut here… …

•And he And he loved herloved her”.”.

EllipsisEllipsis ( (99))• Ex. “Joking?”Ex. “Joking?”• Young Jolyon’s eye twinkled.Young Jolyon’s eye twinkled.• “ “Not muchNot much…” (Galsworthy, The …” (Galsworthy, The

Man of Property)Man of Property)• Ex. “I beg your pardon, sir. Didn’t know. Ex. “I beg your pardon, sir. Didn’t know.

Sorry to have bothered you.Sorry to have bothered you.• “ “No, no; pleasure to see you”.No, no; pleasure to see you”.

(Galsworthy, The Silver Spoon, 57)(Galsworthy, The Silver Spoon, 57)• Ex. He saw many human and interesting Ex. He saw many human and interesting

things; he heard Big Ben chime. things; he heard Big Ben chime. Nothing in it Nothing in it all allall all. (ibid. 60). (ibid. 60)

• ..• Ex. So Justice Overwaltzer – solemnly and Ex. So Justice Overwaltzer – solemnly and

didactically from his high seat to the jury. didactically from his high seat to the jury. (Dreiser)(Dreiser)

ELLIPSIS(10)ELLIPSIS(10)• He listened and got confused. Must run He listened and got confused. Must run

again! Right or left! He heard footsteps.again! Right or left! He heard footsteps.

• His face rather rugged, the cheeks thin!His face rather rugged, the cheeks thin!

• He told her his age, He told her his age, twenty-fourtwenty-four, his , his weight, weight, ten stone eleventen stone eleven, his face of , his face of residence, residence, not far awaynot far away. .

• Lugubrious farceLugubrious farce, life., life.

Aposiopesis (Break-in-the-Aposiopesis (Break-in-the-Narrative)Narrative)(1(111))

• Ex.1. “If you don’t give me your signature Ex.1. “If you don’t give me your signature when I come back tomorrow – “ (W. Collins, when I come back tomorrow – “ (W. Collins, The Woman in White).The Woman in White).

• Ex.2.If I ever have seen a dog in love….Ex.2.If I ever have seen a dog in love….• Ex.3.“The fascination of contrast over Ex.3.“The fascination of contrast over

auction was in rewards for the games bids auction was in rewards for the games bids and – “.and – “.

• Ex.4. “Follow that taxi there, see! That one! Ex.4. “Follow that taxi there, see! That one! Hang on to it, and don’t lose sight, or-“ (M. Hang on to it, and don’t lose sight, or-“ (M. Edgington, Purple and Fine Linen, 268)Edgington, Purple and Fine Linen, 268)

• .Ex.5. An oh! If e’er I should forget, I swear – .Ex.5. An oh! If e’er I should forget, I swear – But that’s impossible, and cannot be. (Byron)But that’s impossible, and cannot be. (Byron)

Question- in- the –NarrativeQuestion- in- the –Narrative (1(122))• 1.For what is left the poet here1.For what is left the poet here??

• For Greeks a blush – for Greece a tear.For Greeks a blush – for Greece a tear.• 2. “And starting, she awoke, 2. “And starting, she awoke, andand what to view?what to view?• Oh, Powers of Heaven. Oh, Powers of Heaven. What dark eye meets What dark eye meets

she there?she there?• ‘‘tis – ‘tis her father’s – fix’d upon the pair.tis – ‘tis her father’s – fix’d upon the pair.• 3. “3. “Scrooge knew he was deadScrooge knew he was dead? Of course he ? Of course he

did. did. How could it be otherwiseHow could it be otherwise? Scrooge and ? Scrooge and he were partners for I don’t know how many he were partners for I don’t know how many years”. (Dickens)years”. (Dickens)

• 4. “4. “How longHow long must it go? must it go? How longHow long must we must we suffer? suffer? WhereWhere is the end? is the end? WhatWhat is the end? is the end?

REPRESENTED SPEECHREPRESENTED SPEECH (1 (133))• ““Could heCould he bring a reference from where he bring a reference from where he

was now was now waswas? He ? He couldcould.” (Dreiser).” (Dreiser)• ““Old Jolyon was on the alert at once. Old Jolyon was on the alert at once.

Wasn’t Wasn’t the “man of property” going to the “man of property” going to liver in his new house, then? He never liver in his new house, then? He never alluded to Soames now but under this title.alluded to Soames now but under this title.

• ““No” – No” – June saidJune said – “he was not; – “he was not; She knew She knew that he that he waswas not!” not!”

• How How did shedid she know? know?• She couldShe could not tell him, but not tell him, but she knewshe knew. . She She

knew nearly for certainknew nearly for certain. It was most . It was most unlikely; circumstances had changed.unlikely; circumstances had changed.

REPRESENTED SPEECH REPRESENTED SPEECH (UTTERED)(UTTERED) (1 (144))

•““A maid came in now with a blue A maid came in now with a blue gown very thick, and soft. gown very thick, and soft. Could Could she do anything for Miss she do anything for Miss Freeland? No, thanks, she could Freeland? No, thanks, she could not, only, did she know where not, only, did she know where Mr. Freeland’s room wasMr. Freeland’s room was??

REPRESENTED SPEECH REPRESENTED SPEECH (UTTERED)(UTTERED)(1(155))

• ““She had known him for a full year She had known him for a full year when, in London for a while and as usual when, in London for a while and as usual alone, she received a note from him to alone, she received a note from him to say that he had to come up to town for a say that he had to come up to town for a night and night and couldn’t they dine together couldn’t they dine together and go to some place to danceand go to some place to dance. She . She thought it very sweet of him to take pity thought it very sweet of him to take pity on her solitariness, and accepted with on her solitariness, and accepted with pleasure. They spent a delightful pleasure. They spent a delightful evening.”evening.”

REPRESENTED SPEECH REPRESENTED SPEECH (UTTERED)(UTTERED) (1 (166))

• ““In consequence he was quick to suggest a In consequence he was quick to suggest a walk… walk… Didn’t Clyde want to go?”Didn’t Clyde want to go?” (Dreiser) (Dreiser)

• ““When dinner was over. And the servants When dinner was over. And the servants departed, Mr. Alwarthy began to harrange. departed, Mr. Alwarthy began to harrange. He set forth in a long speech, the many He set forth in a long speech, the many iniquities of which Jones had been guilty, iniquities of which Jones had been guilty, particularly those which this day had particularly those which this day had brought to light; and concluded by telling brought to light; and concluded by telling him, “him, “ThatThat unless he could clear himself of unless he could clear himself of the charge, he was resolved to banish him the charge, he was resolved to banish him from his sight for ever”.from his sight for ever”.

Unuttered or Inner Represented Unuttered or Inner Represented SpeechSpeech (1 (177))

• ““His nervousness about this disclosure His nervousness about this disclosure irritatedirritated him profoundly; him profoundly; she had no she had no businessbusiness to make him feel to make him feel like thatlike that – a wife – a wife and a husband being one person. She had and a husband being one person. She had not looked at him once since they sat down, not looked at him once since they sat down, and he and he wandered wandered what on earthwhat on earth she had she had been thinking about all the time. It was been thinking about all the time. It was hard, when a man worked hard as he did, hard, when a man worked hard as he did, making money for her – making money for her – yes and withyes and with an an ache in his heart – that she should sit there, ache in his heart – that she should sit there, looking – looking as iflooking – looking as if she saw the walls of she saw the walls of the room closing in. It was enough to make the room closing in. It was enough to make a man get up and leave the table.”a man get up and leave the table.”

Unuttered or Inner Represented Unuttered or Inner Represented SpeechSpeech (1 (188))• ““An idea had occurred to Soames. An idea had occurred to Soames.

His cousin Jolyon was Irene’s trustee, His cousin Jolyon was Irene’s trustee, the first step would be to go down the first step would be to go down and see him at Robin Hill. Robin Hill! and see him at Robin Hill. Robin Hill! The odd – the very odd feeling those The odd – the very odd feeling those words brought back. Robin Hill – the words brought back. Robin Hill – the house Bosinney had built for him and house Bosinney had built for him and Irene – the house they had never Irene – the house they had never lived in – the fatal house! And Jolyon lived in – the fatal house! And Jolyon lived there now! H’m!” (Galsworthy)lived there now! H’m!” (Galsworthy)

Unuttered or Inner Represented Unuttered or Inner Represented SpeechSpeech (1 (199))

• 1.“Over and over 1.“Over and over he was asking himselfhe was asking himself: : would she receive him? would she would she receive him? would she recognize him? what should he say to recognize him? what should he say to her?”her?”

• ““Why weren’t things going well between Why weren’t things going well between them? them? he wondered.he wondered.

• 2.”Butler was sorry that he had called his 2.”Butler was sorry that he had called his youngest a baggageyoungest a baggage;; but these children – but these children – God bless his soul – were a great God bless his soul – were a great annoyance. Why, in the name of all the annoyance. Why, in the name of all the saints, wasn’t this house good enough for saints, wasn’t this house good enough for them?” (Dreiser) them?” (Dreiser)

Rhetoric QuestionRhetoric Question ( (2020))• 1.Violence and butchery beget violence 1.Violence and butchery beget violence

and butchery. Isn’t that the theme of the and butchery. Isn’t that the theme of the Greek tragedies of blood?Greek tragedies of blood?

• 2. As they were coming into the hotel from 2. As they were coming into the hotel from a seaside walk afternoon, on whom should a seaside walk afternoon, on whom should they light but Rebecca and her husband.they light but Rebecca and her husband.

• 3. So it was wicked, like being smutty, to 3. So it was wicked, like being smutty, to feel happy when you looked at things and feel happy when you looked at things and read Keats?read Keats?

• A man like Mathew Brodie to return home A man like Mathew Brodie to return home at the childish hour of ten o’clock?at the childish hour of ten o’clock?

Rhetoric QuestionRhetoric Question ( (2121))• ex. If Providence was completely satisfied with Japper’s ex. If Providence was completely satisfied with Japper’s

Row, Camden Town, Michael was not. What could justify Row, Camden Town, Michael was not. What could justify those twin dismal rows of three - storied houses, so those twin dismal rows of three - storied houses, so begrimed that they might have been collars washed in begrimed that they might have been collars washed in Italy? What possible attention to business could make Italy? What possible attention to business could make these little ground-floor shops do anything but lose these little ground-floor shops do anything but lose money? From the thronged and tram-lined thoroughfare money? From the thronged and tram-lined thoroughfare so pregnantly scented with fried fish, petrol and old so pregnantly scented with fried fish, petrol and old clothes, who would turn into this small backwater for clothes, who would turn into this small backwater for sweetness or for profit? (Galsworthy, The Silver Spoon)sweetness or for profit? (Galsworthy, The Silver Spoon)

• ex. What will not necessity do? The countess herself ex. What will not necessity do? The countess herself actually came to wait upon Mrs. Crawley on the failure of actually came to wait upon Mrs. Crawley on the failure of her second envoy. (Thackeray, Vanity Fair)her second envoy. (Thackeray, Vanity Fair)

• ex. “What did you do in the feud, Father?”ex. “What did you do in the feud, Father?”• “ “Never you mind.”Never you mind.”• “ “Oh! But if I’m to keep it up?”Oh! But if I’m to keep it up?”• “ “Who said you were to keep it up?” (Galsworthy, Who said you were to keep it up?” (Galsworthy,

To Let)To Let)

Rhetoric Question (22)Rhetoric Question (22)• ex. That painter! What business had he to ex. That painter! What business had he to

paint a woman so like Vic as that – a paint a woman so like Vic as that – a woman that didn’t mind lyin’ like that! woman that didn’t mind lyin’ like that! (Galsworthy, The White Monkey)(Galsworthy, The White Monkey)

•

• ex. Well, now, if I didn’t think you ex. Well, now, if I didn’t think you served his collar with white threat, but served his collar with white threat, but it’s black. (M. Twain, Tom Sawyer)it’s black. (M. Twain, Tom Sawyer)

MEIOSIS (Understatement)MEIOSIS (Understatement)

• I’m rather annoyed,I’m rather annoyed,• The wind is rather strong.The wind is rather strong.• I was half afraid you had forgotten me,I was half afraid you had forgotten me,• I kind of liked it,I kind of liked it,• She writes rather too often,,She writes rather too often,,• I am not quite too late.I am not quite too late.

• It isn’t any of your business It isn’t any of your business may bemay be;;• Would you mind getting Would you mind getting the hellthe hell out of my out of my

way.way.

• Thank you!Thank you!

• Ул.Большая Садовая,33.тел.240-Ул.Большая Садовая,33.тел.240-82-0982-09