Lecture - Chapter 10 - The Urban World

8/18/2019 Lecture - Chapter 10 - The Urban World

1/27

Chapter 10Chapter 10

The Urban WorldThe Urban World


2/27

Overview of Chapter 10Overview of Chapter 10

o Population and UrbanizationPopulation and Urbanization• Characteristics of Urban PopulationCharacteristics of Urban Population• Urbanization TrendsUrbanization Trends

o City as an EcosysteCity as an Ecosyste• Environental Probles in Urban !reasEnvironental Probles in Urban !reas• Environental "ene#ts of UrbanizationEnvironental "ene#ts of Urbanization

o Urban $and Use Plannin%Urban $and Use Plannin%• Transportation and Urban &evelopentTransportation and Urban &evelopent• 'uburban 'prawl'uburban 'prawl

o (a)in% Cities (ore 'ustainable(a)in% Cities (ore 'ustainable


3/27

Population and UrbanizationPopulation and Urbanization

o "y *00+ or *00,- half of the world.s"y *00+ or *00,- half of the world.spopulation will live in urban areaspopulation will live in urban areas


4/27

Population and UrbanizationPopulation and Urbanization

o UrbanizationUrbanization• Process in which people increasin%ly oveProcess in which people increasin%ly ove

fro rural areas to densely population citiesfro rural areas to densely population cities

o /obs de#ne urban vs rural- not populations /obs de#ne urban vs rural- not populations• ural area occupations involve harvestin%ural area occupations involve harvestin%

natural resourcesnatural resources

• Urban area occupations involve 2obs notUrban area occupations involve 2obs not

connected with natural resourcesconnected with natural resourceso People are ovin% to cities due to decreasePeople are ovin% to cities due to decrease

in eployent opportunities in rural areasin eployent opportunities in rural areas


5/27

Characteristics of Urban PopulationCharacteristics of Urban Population

o "asic characteristics of city"asic characteristics of city

populations3populations3• &iverse population in ters of race-&iverse population in ters of race-

ethnicity- reli%ion and socioeconoicethnicity- reli%ion and socioeconoicstatusstatus

• 4oun%er population than local rural area 4oun%er population than local rural area

• (ore ales in(ore ales in

developin% nationdevelopin% nation

citiescities

• (ore feales in(ore feales in

developed nationdeveloped nation

citiescities


6/27

Urbanization TrendsUrbanization Trends

o Urbanization is increasin% rapidlyUrbanization is increasin% rapidly• Especially in developin% countriesEspecially in developin% countries

o World.s 10 lar%est cities are inWorld.s 10 lar%est cities are indevelopin% countriesdevelopin% countries


7/27

Hong Kong, China

Hong Kong has a whopping 43 buildings over 200 metres tall, 30 of which

were built in the year 2000 or later. t also boasts four of the !" tallest buildings

in the world. Hong Kong#s s$yline shows a large selection of distinct s$y%reaching towers.

Metro/Urban Population: 6.9 million

The Top ')ylines in the World

http355citynoiseor%5article5676*


8/27


Chicago, llinois

&hen Chicago built its first steel high%rise in !''", it was not the tallest

structure in the world but the first e(ample of a new form of engineering that

would change nearly every city on earth. Chicago has !) buildings over 200 metrestall *three of which are among the top 20 tallest buildings in the world, including

the tallest in +orth merica-.



9/27


hanghai, China

China/s biggest and most advanced city, hanghai was said to be the most

cosmopolitan city in the beginning of the 20th century, but lost its glory during

the 1ao era. t is now uic$ly regaining its position as one of the biggest

economic powerhouses in the world as well as a showcase of modernarchitecture. n hanghai you#ll find 2" structures that are over 200 metres tall,

one of which is the insanely tall, the 4'm downtown 5riental 6earl 78

7ower.



10/27


9ubai, :nited rab ;mirates

lready home of the world/s tallest all%hotel building and the tallest all%

residential building in the world, +9 currently proposed to build the world/stallest building. ll seven structures in this city at over 200 metres tall were

built in !))) or later % that/s how new this city is.



11/27

Pal 8slands-

&ubai- United !rab Eirates

Burj, Dubai World’s Tallest Human Structur

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Burj_Dubai.jpg


12/27

Urbanization TrendsUrbanization Trends

o Urban !%%loerationUrban !%%loeration• Urbanized core re%ion that consists ofUrbanized core re%ion that consists of

several ad2unct cities or e%acities andseveral ad2unct cities or e%acities and

their surroundin% developed suburbstheir surroundin% developed suburbs

United 'tatesUnited 'tates

UrbanUrban

!%%loerations !%%loerations

9Population of9Population of

:0-000 or above;:0-000 or above;


13/27

'ubstandard


14/27

$and Use?$and Use?

Par) City-Par) City-

UtahUtah

@ull 'atellite Aiew of City@ull 'atellite Aiew of City

Undeveloped Open 'paceUndeveloped Open 'pace


15/27

Environental Probles in UrbanEnvironental Probles in Urban

!reas !reas

o Browin% urban areas aect land useBrowin% urban areas aect land usepatternspatterns• @ra%ent wildlife@ra%ent wildlife

• Encroach wetlands- forests- desert- etcEncroach wetlands- forests- desert- etco "rown#elds"rown#elds

• Urban areas of abandoned industrial orUrban areas of abandoned industrial or

residential sites that ay be containatedresidential sites that ay be containated

fro past usefro past use

o 8pereable surfaces and urban8pereable surfaces and urban

runo dischar%ed into waterwaysruno dischar%ed into waterways• (otor oil- lawn fertilizers- heavy etals(otor oil- lawn fertilizers- heavy etals


16/27


17/27

Environental Probles in UrbanEnvironental Probles in Urban

!reas !reas

o $on% coutes$on% coutes• Traic con%ested streetsTraic con%ested streets• "uildup of airborne eissions due to cars"uildup of airborne eissions due to cars

and industryand industry

o >oise pollution>oise pollutiono Urban heat islandUrban heat island

• $ocal heat buildup in an area of hi%h$ocal heat buildup in an area of hi%h

population densitypopulation density• !ect local air currents and weather !ect local air currents and weather

conditionsconditions• Contribute to buildup of pollutants? dustContribute to buildup of pollutants? dust

doesdoes


18/27

Urban


19/27


20/27

Environental "ene#ts ofEnvironental "ene#ts of

UrbanizationUrbanization

o Well?planned city can bene#t theWell?planned city can bene#t the

environentenvironent• educes pollutioneduces pollution

• Preserves rural areasPreserves rural areas

o Copact &evelopentCopact &evelopent• &esi%n of cities where residential buildin%s&esi%n of cities where residential buildin%s

are close to shoppin%- 2obs and publicare close to shoppin%- 2obs and publictransportationtransportation

• ED3 Portland- Ore%onED3 Portland- Ore%on


21/27

Urban $and Use Plannin%Urban $and Use Plannin%

o $and use based on econoic concerns$and use based on econoic concerns

o @ro center of city outwards3@ro center of city outwards3• City center? Central "usiness &istrictCity center? Central "usiness &istrict

9hi%hest taDes;9hi%hest taDes;• esidential properties 9lower taDes than cityesidential properties 9lower taDes than city

center;center;

• $and intensive businesses 9even lower taDes;$and intensive businesses 9even lower taDes;

• 'uburbs 9lowest taDes;'uburbs 9lowest taDes;

o Par)s and %reen space are interspersedPar)s and %reen space are interspersed


22/27

Urban $and Use Plannin%Urban $and Use Plannin%

o $and Use Plannin%$and Use Plannin%• Process of decidin% the best use forProcess of decidin% the best use for

undeveloped land in a %iven areaundeveloped land in a %iven area

o 8nuenced by political and econoic8nuenced by political and econoicfactorsfactors

o e%ulated throu%h zonin%e%ulated throu%h zonin%• Cities divided into use zonesCities divided into use zones

• CoercialCoercial• esidentialesidential• 8ndustrial8ndustrial

• Property owners ust eet zonin%Property owners ust eet zonin%

ordinancesordinances


23/27

Transportation and UrbanTransportation and Urban

&evelopent&evelopent

o TransportationTransportationavailabilityavailability

aects city.saects city.s

spatialspatialstructurestructure

o ED3 !n eastED3 !n east

coast U' citycoast U' city• 9a; 1+00?1,:09a; 1+00?1,:0• 9b; 1,:0?1F109b; 1,:0?1F10

• 9c; *09c; *0thth centurycentury


24/27

'uburban 'prawl'uburban 'prawl

o 'uburban 'prawl'uburban 'prawl• Patchwor) of vacant and developed tractsPatchwor) of vacant and developed tracts

around the ed%es of citiesaround the ed%es of cities

o ProblesProbles• $oss of wetlands$oss of wetlands

• !ir pollution !ir pollution

• Water pollutionWater pollution

• $oss of biolo%ical$oss of biolo%icalhabitathabitat

o 11 states now have11 states now have

new %rowth ana%eent laws 9'art Browth;new %rowth ana%eent laws 9'art Browth;


25/27

(a)in% Cities (ore 'ustainable(a)in% Cities (ore 'ustainable

o Characteristics of a sustainable cityCharacteristics of a sustainable city• Clear- cohesive urban %rowth policiesClear- cohesive urban %rowth policies

• Eicient use of ener%y and other resourcesEicient use of ener%y and other resources

• eduction of pollution and wasteeduction of pollution and waste• euse and recycle aterials in waste streaeuse and recycle aterials in waste strea

• $ar%e areas of %reen space$ar%e areas of %reen space

•

&esi%ned to be people?centers- not car?&esi%ned to be people?centers- not car?centeredcentered

• @ood %rown@ood %rown 8>8> the city 9rooftop %ardens;the city 9rooftop %ardens;

• Copact developentCopact developent


26/27

Copenha%en- &enar) Copenha%en- &enar)

! People?centered City ! People?centered City


27/27

'ustainable Cities'ustainable Cities

Case in Point? Curitiba- "razilCase in Point? Curitiba- "razil

Documents

Lecture - Chapter 10 - The Urban World