Lecture on the topic: Lipids, their structure and

properties.For the 1st year students of

specialty “General medicine".Discipline: Chemistry.Lecturer: PhD, Associate Professor

Vlassova Lenina.Karaganda 2014

1. To consider the definition and classification of lipids.2. To give a simple characterization of saponifiable lipids.3. To study the chemical properties of triacylglycerols.4. To give a characterization of complex saponifiable lipids.6. To consider the biological role of saponifiable and unsaponifiable lipids.

  Lipids - a fat-like substance poorly soluble in water and readily soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.           Depending on the ability to hydrolyze to form the salts of higher fatty acids (soaps) is divided into lipids          saponifiable and unsaponifiable.

The main fatty acids in the lipid composition:

saturatedbutyric acid C3H7COOHpalmitic acid C15H31COOHstearic acid C17H35COOH

Unsaturated:Oleic acid C17H33COOH

Linoleic acid C17H31COOH

Linolenic acid C17H29COOH

Arachidonic C19H31COOH

Unsaponifiable lipids, are not derived from fatty acids and are not capable of hydrolysis.  There are two main groups of unsaponifiable lipids : terpenes and steroids.

Unsaponifiable lipids, are not derived from fatty acids and are not capable of hydrolysis.  There are two main groups of unsaponifiable lipids : terpenes and steroids.

Terpenes.

Terpenes called hydrocarbon composition (C5H8) n, wherein n = 2,

are considered as isoprene oligomerization products:

Oxygenated derivatives of terpenes called terpenoids.Terpenes and terpenoids are mainly of vegetable origin. It is essential plant oils, resins of rubber and coniferous trees, plant pigments, fat-soluble vitamins.

Menthol and validol.

     Steroids – the natural biologically active compounds, the basic structure of which is hydrocarbon-steranes.      Cholesterol, bile acids, sex hormones, adrenocortical hormones, corticosteroids, cardiac glycosides are steroids.