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CMPSC431W: Database Management Systems
Instructor: Yu-‐San Lin [email protected]
Course Website: hCp://www.cse.psu.edu/~yul189/cmpsc431w
Slides based on McGraw-‐Hill & Dr. Wang-‐Chien Lee Textbook: R. Ramakrishnan and J. Gehrke, Database Management Systems,
Third EdiTon, McGraw-‐Hill Publisher.
Lecture 1 08/24/15
Outline
• Overview of this course • MoTvaTon for studying database management systems
• Three types of data models
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Course ObjecTves
• To present an introducTon of database management systems (DBMSs) – Introduce the students to the design, use, and applicaTon of database management systems
– Obtain broad knowledge in concepts of database management systems
• Emphasize on – How to design a database applicaTon – How to use a DBMS effecTvely – How a DBMS works
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Course OrganizaTon
I FoundaTons
II ApplicaTons
III Systems
IV Systems
V Systems
VI ApplicaTons
1 IntroducTon
2 ER model
Conceptual Design
3 RelaTonal Model
SQL DDL
4 RelaTonal Algebra
and Calculus
5 SQL DML
6 Database ApplicaTon
Development
7 Database-‐Backed
Internet ApplicaTons
8 Overview of Storage and
Indexing
12 Overview of Query
EvaluaTon
16 Overview of TransacTon
Management
19 Schema Refinement, FDs, NormalizaTon
NoSQL
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CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF DATABASE SYSTEMS
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Overview
• What is database? • What is a Database Management System (DBMS)? • Why DBMS for managing data? • What are data models? • How to retrieve data and build database applicaTons? • How is applicaTon data represented in a DBMS? • How DBMS support concurrent access and failure recovery?
• What are the main components of a DBMS? • Who is involved with databases?
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What is a DBMS?
• Database – is storage of _____; – Maintains a ________, ________ collecTon of data.
• A database models a real-‐world enterprise. – ___________ (e.g., students, courses) – ___________ (e.g., John is taking CMPSC 431W)
• Database Management System (DBMS) is a solware package designed to store and manage databases.
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Database ApplicaTons • Banking: all transacTons • Airlines: reservaTons, schedules • UniversiTes: registraTon, grades • Sales: customers, products, purchases • Manufacturing: producTon, inventory, orders, supply chain
• Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deducTons
… The list goes on!
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Files v.s. DBMS
• In the early days, database applicaTons were built on top of ___________ – ApplicaTon must stage large datasets between ___________and _____________(e.g., buffering, page-‐oriented access, 32-‐but addressing, etc.)
– Special code for different queries – Must protect data from inconsistency due to mulTple concurrent users
– Crash recovery – Security and access control
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Why Use a DBMS? • Capability to store _____________________ • __________________ • __________________ • Reduced applicaTon _________________ • __________________ • Uniform __________________ • ___________ access • ___________________ • ___________________
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Why Study Databases?
• Shil from computaTon to informaTon – at the “low end”: scramble to web space – at the “high end”: scienTfic applicaTons
• Datasets increasing in diversity and volume – Digital libraries, interacTve video, Human Genome project, EOS project
• DBMS encompasses most of CS – OS, languages, theory, AI, mulTmedia, logic
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Data Models • A __________is a collecTon of high-‐level constructs for
describing stored data that hides low-‐level storage details. • A ________ is a descripTon of a parTcular collecTon of
data, based on a given data model. • The ____________ is the most widely used data model
today. – Main concept: _______, basically a table with rows and columns.
– Every relaTon has a _______, which describes the columns, or fields.
• Example: Students (sid: string, name: string, login: string, age: integer, gpa: real)
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Network Data Model
Data records are linked as ________.
Hayes Main Harrison
Johnson Alma Palo Alto
Smith North Rye
A-‐102 400
A-‐101 500
A-‐102 400
A-‐215 700
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Hierarchical Data Model
The hierarchical model organizes data records as collecTons of ______.
Hayes Main Harrison Johnson Alma Palo Alto Smith North Rye
A-‐102 400 A-‐101 500 A-‐201 900 A-‐201 900 A-‐215 700
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Don’t Forget
• Sign up the two accounts: – GitHub – Asana
• Submit your team informaTon, along with account informaTon, by this Friday (8/28)
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