Lecture19Lecture19

Introduction to Transgenic Introduction to Transgenic animalsanimals

What are Transgenic Organisms?What are Transgenic Organisms?

Transgenic Transgenic organisms are organisms are organisms that are organisms that are injected with injected with foreign DNA from foreign DNA from another organismanother organism

http://www.unc.edu/~unclng/cow.jpg

How are they created?How are they created?

DNA DNA MicroinjectionMicroinjection

Retrovirus-Retrovirus-mediated gene mediated gene transfertransfer

Embryonic stem Embryonic stem cell-mediated gene cell-mediated gene transfertransfer

DNA MicroinjectionDNA Microinjection

Direct microinjection of a chosen gene construct from another member of the same species or from a different species, into the pronucleus of a fertilized ovum.

Retrovirus-mediated gene transferRetrovirus-mediated gene transfer Retroviruses are used as vectors Infects host cells Not all cells carry the retrovirus The retrovirus must integrate into the germ

cells to work.

Embryonic stem cell-mediated Embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfergene transfer

Insertion of desired DNA sequence into an in vitro culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells.

Stem cells can give rise to a complete organism. The cells are then incorporated into an embryo at the

blastocyst stage of development.

PurposesPurposes Agriculture-(improved food products)Agriculture-(improved food products) Industry-(new materials)Industry-(new materials) Medicine-(Animal donors, new medicines)Medicine-(Animal donors, new medicines) Research-(animal testing)Research-(animal testing)

www.cnn.com

Agricultural PurposesAgricultural Purposes

BreedingBreeding

-More organisms with favorable traits -More organisms with favorable traits Food qualityFood quality

-Healthier food produced more rapidly -Healthier food produced more rapidly Disease resistanceDisease resistance

-Resistance to widespread bacterial infections-Resistance to widespread bacterial infections

Industrial PurposesIndustrial Purposes

New products New products -Goats producing -Goats producing

spider silkspider silk

Chemical safety testsChemical safety tests -Microorganisms -Microorganisms

producing new producing new enzymes enzymes www.carleton.

ca

Medical PurposesMedical Purposes

XenotransplantationXenotransplantation

-Animal organ donors-Animal organ donors Nutrition supplementsNutrition supplements

-Production of new medicines-Production of new medicines Human Gene TherapyHuman Gene Therapy

-Normal gene transfer from transgenic -Normal gene transfer from transgenic organism to human organism to human

Research PurposesResearch Purposes

New research models New research models

-Transgenic mice-Transgenic mice Forced evolutionForced evolution

-New organisms with more favorable traits-New organisms with more favorable traits

www.meddean.luc.edu

Protocol RequirementsProtocol Requirements

Transgenic organisms need to have a long Transgenic organisms need to have a long term purposeterm purpose

Success/organism survival rates must be highSuccess/organism survival rates must be high Created for the greater goodCreated for the greater good Products must be beneficialProducts must be beneficial