Lecture1and 2_ppt

8/12/2019 Lecture1and 2_ppt

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Lecture 1 and 2(.NET Framework and its Components)


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Introduction to .NET

The .NET Framework is one of the most popular widely used

integrated software development environments today.

.NET Framework allows the integration of codes written in

different programming languages.Earlier each language required different execution

environments. But with the introduction of .NET framework this

problem was solved.

.NET Framework provides programmers a single platform todevelop console, Windows, and Web applications in various

programming languages, such as Visual Basic(VB) and Visual C#.


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Versions(Generations of .NET Framework)

.NET Framework 1.0

.NET Framework 1.1

.NET Framework 2.0

.NET Framework 3.0

.NET Framework 3.5

.NET Framework 4.0(VS 2010)


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Benefits of .NET Framework

Consistent Programming ModelBy using this model different tasks such as Database Connectivity, Reading fromand Writing to files is performed.

Language InteroperabilityPiece of code written in one language can be used in another language.

Automatic Management of ResourcesGarbage Collection(Part of CLR) performs the allocation and de allocation of all theresources such as files, memory and database connections. Programmer does notneed to provide code for memory management tasks.

Ease of DeploymentApplications coded under .NET Framework can be easily deployed(installed oncomputer)because deployment is done in the form of assemblies which are thesingle , logical deployment unit and hence registries does not need to storeinformation about components and applications.


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Architecture of .NET Framework


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Core Components of .NET Framework

Common Language Runtime

Common Type System

Common Language Specification

.NET Framework Class Library(Base Class Library)

Windows Forms

ASP.NET and ASP.NET Ajax

ADO.NET

WPF and WCF


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It is one of the most important and central componentsof the .NET Framework.

It essentially provides a runtime or execution

environment within which all .NET applications run

It provides various functionalities such as:-

I. Memory Management

II. Exception Handling

III. Debugging

IV. Security

V. Thread ExecutionVI. Code Execution

VII. Type Safety

VIII.Verification and Compilation


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CLR Continued

It manages the execution of .NET applications.

The code that runs under CLR is called as managed code while the code

that is compiled into native or machine code and is directly executed by an

O.S is known as unmanaged code.

It provides Interoperability between various .NET languages such as VisualC#, Visual Basic or Visual C++.

It also provides a Common Environment for the execution of code written

in any language present in IDE

All .NET applications when run are compiled into an Intermediate Code

called the MSIL(Microsoft Intermediate Language) or IL by the languagecompiler.

The MSIL is then used by the JIT(Just In Time) Compiler to compile the

code into the native machine code, which is the final executable code.


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Functioning of CLR


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CLR: Execution Model

VBSourcecodeCompiler

C++C#

CompilerCompiler

Assembly

IL Code

Assembly

IL Code

Assembly

IL Code

Operating System Services


JIT Compiler

Native Code

Managed

code

Unmanaged

Component


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Common Type System

CTSprovides support for cross-language integration among .NET enabled

programming languages.

It defines a common set of types that can be used in applications written

in different .NET languages and the operations that can be performed on

these types.

Two CTS Compliant languages do not require type conversion, when

calling the code written in one language from the code written in another

language.

For all the languages CTS provides base set of data types.

Each language uses the aliases for the base data types provided by CTS. Example :-Integer in VB, int in C#.


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Common Language Specification

CLS is a subset of CTS and defines a set of basic language features

and programming constructs that all .NET applications have in

common and the rules to which they must conform.

This enables interoperability between two .NET-compliant

languages. The rules defined in CLS serves as guidelines for third-party

compilers designers, and library builders.

The languages supported by CLS can use each others class libraries

similar to their own. APIs which are designed to be used as an Interface to access an

application from a program by following the rules defined in CLS,

can be used by all .NET compliant languages.


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.NET Framework Base Class Library

This class library is a huge library of reusable classes, and value types that

are available to all the .NET programming languages.

This class library consists of a hierarchy of namespaces, and each of these

namespaces is a logical grouping of classes, structures and enumerations.

For Example:- System. Collection namespace contains classes that definesvarious collections of objects like:- lists, queues, hash tables, and many

data structures.

We can also divide this namespace into System. Collections. Array List

which defines the Array List Type.

So, the root namespace is Systemunder which all the classes resides. Some classes under System are:-Math, Object, String, Array etc.


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Windows Presentation Foundation

WPF is a component of .NET Framework 3.0 and is used to create

applications with Visually appealing User Interfaces.WPF combines 2D

AND 3D Graphics, Microsoft Word Documents, Portable Document Format

Files(PDF)files, and Multimedia files into a single Framework.

It also offers a consistent programming model to develop applications in

which UI and Business logic can be clearly separated.

It also offers XAML, with XAML both designers and developers can easily

and efficiently work and collaborate on the development process of WPFapplications.


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Windows Communication Foundations

This technology provides a unified programming model to build service-

oriented applications.

We can create a service-oriented application in which a service developed

in .NET is used by another applications that is built on a different platform

or programming language.

WCF combines the capabilities of distributed systems, .NET remoting and

Web Services.

Distributed System has multiple independent interconnected computers

that communicate with each other with the help of a computer network.

.NET remoting provides a framework that can be used with ASP.NET webservices to develop distributed web applications.

Web Service is a method that can be invoked through the internet and

then can be used to return a value to the code invoking the web service.


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New Features of .NET Framework 4.0

DLR(Dynamic Language Runtime)

This feature allows to implement the dynamic languages, such as Python

and Ruby. This implies that DLR is a runtime environment that adds

services to CLR, to implement dynamic languages.


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DLR Continued..

A new System. Dynamic namespace has been added to .NET Framework4.0 to support this functionality.

Services provided by DLR:-

Expression Trees:-Allows you to define variable assignments and function loops

Call Site Caching:-Allows DLR to store information about method calls so that in

case of any subsequent calls to the method, the DLR can use the cache historyinformation.

Dynamic object interoperability:-Refers to the set of classes that can be used tocreate dynamic objects.

Parallel Computing

When a large problem is divided into small parts that are addressessimultaneously, it is known as parallel computing. .NET Frameworkprovides this new programming model which handles multithreaded andasynchronous code created by developers


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Features of .NET Framework 4.0

Managed Extensibility Framework

This is the new library included in the .NET Framework 4.0 to create

lightweight and extensible applications. It helps in reusing the extensions

in more than one applications

In-Process-Side-By-Side-Execution

The In-Process-Side-By-Side-Execution feature supports the loading and

starting of multiple versions of .NET Framework by an application within

the same process.

For Example:- We can execute an application, which loads thecomponents developed in .NET Framework 3.0 and .NET Framework 4.0 in

the same process


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Thanks.