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Chapter 2

Atoms and Elements

Elements and Symbols

Periodic Table

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Elements

Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes

Are the building blocks of matter

112 elements known todayExamples: carbon

goldcalcium

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Symbols of Elements

Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only

Examples:

C carbon Co cobalt

N nitrogen Ca calcium

F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg

magnesium

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Symbols from Latin Names

Element Symbol Latin name

Copper Cu cuprum

Gold Au aurum

Lead Pb plumbum

Mercury Hg hydrargyrum

Potassium K kalium

Silver Ag argentum

Sodium Na natrium

Tim Sn stannum

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% Major Elements in the Body

O 65.0 % K 0.34

C 18.0 S 0.26

H 10.0 Na 0.14

N 3.0 Cl 0.14

Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004

P 1.0 Zn 0.003

Mg 0.50

Trace Elements

As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V

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Names and Symbols of Elements

Be sure to learn the names and symbols of the elements in Table 2.2 page 48 plus the names and symbols of Bi, Cr, Mn, Pt, Se, U

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Learning Check E1

Select the correct symbol for each:

A. Calcium

1) C 2) Ca 3) CA

B. Sulfur

1) S 2) Sl 3) Su

C. Iron

1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe

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Solution E1

Select the correct symbol for each:

A. Calcium

2) Ca

B. Sulfur

1) S

C. Iron

3) Fe

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Learning Check E2

Select the correct name for each:

A. N

1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickelB. P

1) potassium 2) phogiston3) phosphorus

C. Ag

1) silver 2) agean 3) gold

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Solution E2

Select the correct name for each:

A. N

2) nitrogen B. P

3) phosphorus

C. Ag

1) silver

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Worksheet

• Complete the worksheet labeled:

Elemental Symbols

• When finished, compare your work with other students from your class.

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Periodic Table

The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.

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Physical Properties

The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.

ColorSizeShapeDensityFreezing and Boiling PointsOdor

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Groups of Elements

Vertical columns on the periodic table

Similar physical properties

Similar chemical properties

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Groups on the Periodic Table

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Representative Groups

Group 1 Alkali Metals

Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 7 Halogens

Group 8 Noble Gases

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Location of Some Groups

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Al mk ea tl ai l s

Alkaline

Halogens

I Gn ae sr et s

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Periods on the Periodic Table

Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8.

Numbered 1, 2, 3, ….

Include representative elements and

transition elements

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Periods on the Periodic Table

1

2

3

4

5

6

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Learning Check E3

A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn

B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3

1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron

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Solution E3

A. Element in Group 7A, period 4 1) Br

B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3

2) magnesium

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Learning Check E4

A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn

B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3

1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron

C. Metals in Group IVA

1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn

D. Nonmetals in Group VA

1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb

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Solution E4

A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4

1) Br

B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3

2) magnesium

C. Metals in Group IVA

1) Ge, Sn, Pb

D. Nonmetals in Group VA

2) N, P, As

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Metals and Nonmetals

Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductileGood conductors of heat and electricity

Nonmetals Located to the right of the heavy lineDull and brittlePoor conductors, good insulators

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Metals and Nonmetals

NONMETALS

METALS

METALS

Transition metals

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Learning Check E5

Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:

A. sulfur ____

B. chlorine ____

C. sodium ____

D. iron ____

E. carbon ____

F. silver ____

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Solution E5

Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:

A. sulfur __2__

B. chlorine __2__

C. sodium __1__

D. iron __1__

E. carbon __2__

F. silver __1__

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Learning Check E6

Select the correct elements:

A. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn

B. Nonmetals in Group VA1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb

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Solution E6

A. Metals in Group 4A 1) Ge, Sn, Pb

B. Nonmetals in Group 5A2) N, P, As