Legends of Production and Operations

LegendsLegendsL E G E N D S O F P R O D U C T I O N A N D O P E R A T I O N S

J O U R N A L O F P E T R O L E U M T E C H N O L O G Y S P E C I A L S E C T I O N

Legends_2009.indd 35 11/13/09 3:22:52 PM

James Brill

Kermit E. Brown

H.R. (Randy) Crawford

Robert S. Schechter

Robert C. Earlougher Jr.

C.M. (Mel) Hightower

Harry O’Neal McLeod Jr.

Joe Mach

LegendsLegendsLegendsLegendsLegendsLegendsDuring the 2009 SPE Annual Technical Conference and

Exhibition in October, JPT honored eight industry pioneers of production and operations for their outstanding contributions. As 2009 SPE technical director for

Production and Operations, I was honored to host the luncheon and present awards to the attending recipients. Satish Pai, vice president of Worldwide Operations with Schlumberger, spoke on behalf of his company, which made substantial contributions to the event.

Production and operations is known as the backbone of the E&P industry. Simply put, it pays the bills. It involves complex mixtures of fl uids and compounds, utilizes energy to extract more energy products for everyone’s use, and frequently also produces unwanted byproducts.

A concise history of production and operations helps bring its advances into perspective:

In the storage and transportation area, it began as dikes and ponds for storage, and barrels loaded onto wagons or rail cars. It progressed into storage tanks and transportation by trucks. It has since evolved into the use of pipelines.

Measurement has gone from the strapping of tanks to meters, lease automatic custody-transfer units, and, most recently, to intricate chemical fi ngerprint and compositional measurements with physical attribute identifi cation.

While much early production fl owed naturally, more advanced means of artifi cial lift have become necessary to extract fl uids with increasing effi ciency.

Stimulation methods have gone from bullet perforation, through the use of nitroglycerin, to acid and other chemical means. It now includes various forms of hydraulic fracturing, gravel packs, and the like. The latest means are taking advantage of more sophisticated fl uids and proppant materials, as well as more precise measurement and placement methods.

It includes development and utilization of secondary and tertiary means of recovering hydrocarbons, including waterfl ooding, steam injection, chemical fl oods, surfactant fl oods, and microbial injection, to name a few techniques. There is no doubt that advances in these methods have greatly improved the profi tability of many a fi rm.

As the costs of power and scarcity of labor continue their rise, production and operations personnel have used their innovative senses to stay ahead of the curve. New techniques and a “can do” attitude have resulted in many creative ideas, turning into items that the industry now simply cannot do without.

The legends, and countless others like them, are quite special. They may be known as petroleum engineers. However, much like the makeup of SPE, there may be a little mechanical, chemical, electrical, civil, or industrial engineer in them, too, as well as an understanding of geosciences, operations management, and economics.

The JPT Legends of Production and Operations program recognized remarkable achievements and eight extraordinary people—people who deserve our gratitude for making our jobs easier and everyone’s life better through their efforts to improve productivity. Our hats are collectively off to you.

James Pappas2009 SPE Technical Director, Production and Operations

JPT S P E C I A L S E C T I O N34

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JPT L E G E N D S O F P R O D U C T I O N A N D O P E R AT I O N S 35

Brillmore industry experience, but this was an opportunity I could not pass up.”

Brill formed the Tulsa University Fluid Flow Projects in 1973 to conduct research on multiphase fl ow in pipes. He served as its executive director until May 2001 and is now director emeritus. “Almost every company in the world that was involved in offshore activity belonged to this research consortium at one time or another,” Brill said.

He also founded and served as executive director for the Tulsa University Paraffi n Deposition Projects initiated in 1973, and for which he is director emeritus.

Brill is coauthor of the SPE monograph Multiphase Flow in Wells, and has published nearly 200 technical papers and research reports. One of the papers presents what he believes to be the greatest achievement of his career, the Beggs and Brill correlation. It was published in 1973 in JPT under the title A Study of Two-Phase Flow in Inclined Pipes. “Dale Beggs was one of my fi rst doctoral students and his PhD research was pioneering,” Brill said. “The correlation is still frequently used by engineers to design piping systems for multiphase fl ow.”

Brill notes that consulting work he did for Arco on observing and characterizing long liquid slugs in large-diameter multiphase pipelines was his next greatest achievement. This work, Analysis of Two-Phase Flow Tests in Large-Diameter Flow Lines in Prudhoe Bay Field, was documented in a 1980 SPE paper with several coauthors.

His many SPE activities during his career included serving as an SPE representative to the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Engineering Accreditation Commission during 1989–94 and as the SPE representative to the ABET Board of Directors during 1994–2000. Brill also was an SPE Distinguished Lecturer during 1981–82, and served as chairman of the University of Tulsa/SPE Centennial Petroleum Engineering Symposium Steering Committee in 1994.

Brill received many honors and awards during his career including the SPE Distinguished Petroleum Engineering Faculty and the Production Engineering Awards, both in 1994; the SPE John Franklin Carll and the Distinguished Member Awards, both in 1997; the SPE DeGolyer Distinguished Service Medal in 2008; and his selection this year as an SPE Honorary Member, the Society’s highest designation.

“The ultimate award an engineer can receive is to be elected into the United States National Academy of Engineering,” Brill said. He was elected to that elite group in 1997.

Despite all the honors and awards he received throughout his career, Brill states that, “I hope my legacy will be my passionate pursuit of mechanistic and unifi ed modeling of multiphase-fl ow phenomenon for the past 30 years.”

James Brill has dedicated his career to the passionate pursuit of mechanistic and unifi ed modeling of multiphase-fl ow phenomenon. His career in academia and research began at the University of Tulsa Petroleum Engineering Department and during his time at the university, he worked as a project consultant to numerous international oil and gas companies, and founded two research project groups, one of which conducts research on multiphase fl ow in pipes. Since his retirement 9 years ago, he continues to teach short courses at the university and also for industry-related companies, and with a coauthor is currently writing anundergraduate textbook.

James Brill:

“I have more time now for golf, tennis, traveling, and grandchildren,” said Brill of his retirement after an extremely busy 35-year career in industry and academia, most at the University of Tulsa. He is now a professor emeritus and research professor of Petroleum Engineering at the university.

After retirement, Brill continues to contribute to the academia by teaching short courses at the University of Tulsa with Cem Sarica, one of his former doctoral students who replaced him on the faculty. Brill also teaches courses for industry-related companies. Along with another of his former doctoral students, Eissa Al-Safran, he is currently writing a textbook for undergraduate students. Brill, with two of his faculty colleagues, also recently gained a patent on “Extracting Gas Hydrates from Marine Sediments.”

Brill received a BS degree in engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1962 and a PhD in petroleum engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1966. Throughout his career in the oil and gas industry and academia, his areas of specialization were multiphase fl ow in pipes and oil and gas production. In addition to his responsibilities at the university, he served as a consultant to more than 35 international oil and gas companies in a variety of multiphase-fl ow projects around the world.

Brill began his career in academia and research in 1966 when he received a call from Kermit Brown, another 2009 JPT Legend of Production and Operations. Brill also was a former doctoral student of Brown at the University of Texas.

“I had begun working for Chevron Oilfi eld Research Company in California,” Brill said. “When Kermit came to the University of Tulsa, he had a faculty opening and asked me if I would come there and teach. I would have preferred to have

A Passionate Pursuit

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Crawford

“Teaching has been my main objective most of my life,” says Brown. “It is something that I have enjoyed more than anything else I have done.” Brown enjoyed a long career in academia, from an assistant professor and later associate professor in the Petroleum Engineering Department at the University of Texas at Austin beginning in 1955 to his retirement as professor in the Petroleum Engineering Department at the University of Tulsa in 1990. In 1966, Brown had moved to Tulsa to become professor and head of the Petroleum Engineering Department as well as associate dean of the College of Engineering and Physical Sci-ences at the University of Tulsa. He later became vice president of Research and chairman of the Resources Engineering Division.

Brown did his undergraduate studies at Texas A&M Univer-sity and his graduate work at the University of Texas. “I’m just a mixed-up Aggie,” he says. Between his studies, he did a stint as a World War II pilot.

But Brown was not always in academia. His postgraduate work overlapped some of his teaching years. Among the com-panies for which he worked, Brown was a petroleum engineer for Stanolind Oil and Gas Company and Garrett Oil Tools. He also worked for the US Atomic Energy Commission as a research engineer. In 1956, when he was a gas-lift engineering consultant, he began writing portions of the Gas Lift Manual that transformed the way the industry viewed that technology.

Brown began teaching petroleum engineering courses in the mid-1950s at the University of Texas at the same time he began work on his MS degree. “Otis Engineering provided me a pro-ducing well in Bay City, Texas, to install gas-lift equipment and instruments to record gas and liquid fl ow rates, pressures, and temperatures. I used that fi eld data for my MS and PhD research,” Brown said.

His graduate adviser told Brown that he must complete his PhD if he wanted to continue teaching.“It was a tough go, but

BrownKermit E. Brown: Contributions in Artificial Lif t

I decided to do it and I completed my PhD in June 1962.” He continued to work as a research consultant in the areas of gas lift and multiphase fl ow for Otis Engineering during the 1950sand 1960s.

Artifi cial-lift methods became Brown’s specialty, and he wrote numerous books on the topic as well as many technical pa-pers that were published in SPE journals. Brown views the books that he published as his favorite accomplishment. Among them are Gas Lift Theory and Practice and The Technology of Artifi cial Lift Methods.

Brown was soon viewed as the gas-lift authority in the in-dustry, and he credits his book titled The Technology of Artifi cial Lift Methods–Volume 4: Production Optimization of Oil and Gas Wells by Nodal Systems Analysis as one of the most important efforts in which he was involved. Joe Mach, another of this year’s JPT Legends of Production and Operations, was a coauthor for this book for the section on nodal-systems analysis. The book is still being used by the industry as well as by many students.

“I have published other books that have been sold to the oil industry, and believe it or not, I am still selling books,” Brown said. “But the most important one was on nodal analysis.”

Brown has been an active SPE member since the 1960s, serving on numerous committees as well as guiding several SPE sections. He was chairman of the Balcones Section during 1965–66, an executive committee member of the Mid-Continent Sec-tion in 1968, and served on the SPE Board of Directors during 1970–71.

Among Brown’s many honors and awards is the SPE John Franklin Carll Award that he received in 1983. Brown also be-came an SPE Distinguished Member in 1983 and an Honorary Member in 1990.

He became a member of the US National Academy of En-gineering in 1987. “You won’t fi nd many petroleum engineers in the organization but there are four from the University of Tulsa,” he says.

Kermit E. Brown says that his passion is teaching. But he was not always involved in academia, and his experience in the fi eld led him to become a noted authority on artifi cial lift and changed the way the industry viewed that technology.

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CrawfordBrown

After graduating from Haskell High School, Crawford en-rolled at Texas Tech University where he received his BS degree in chemical engineering in 1949. He worked for Sun Oil for a year before he was drafted into the US Army. Following his military stint, he enrolled in graduate school at the University of Texas at Austin, where he received his MS degree in 1954, after which he taught mathematics. In 1958, he received a PhD inchemical engineering.

Crawford began working for The Western Company of North America as a research associate, developing acidizing, cement-ing, and fracturing products and treatment design methods for the oil and gas industry. While there, he wrote several articles and technical papers, such as The Use of CO2 for Well Stimulation.

“One of my fi rst papers was Engineered Hydraulic Frac-ture Treatments and how to calculate the dimensions of a frac-ture using the properties of the reservoir and fracture fl uid,”Crawford said.

Crawford worked for several other companies, includ-ing Westco Research, a Western Company subsidiary; Lone Star Gas Company’s Nipak Fertilizer; and Sanitech andEnserch Exploration.

He joined Conoco in 1979, where he was assigned the job of increasing the production rate of Gulf of Mexico oil wells. He prepared a well-completion plan and developed in-house schools to teach the plan to employees. “The results were so suc-cessful that Conoco increased the production rate and revenues from the fi rst two platforms by about USD 104 million annually,”Crawford said.

Crawford also was on a team that persuaded the manage-ment of Conoco’s sister company, Consol Coal, to allow engi-neers to fracture and produce methane from coal seams prior to sending miners into the mine, and Crawford helped design the coal-seam fracture treatments. This made mining safer be-cause it reduced the methane content in the mine; more than

H.R. (Randy) Crawford has made signifi cant contributions to the oil and gas industry through the design of new tech-nology. He has developed fracturing products and design methods and, while with Conoco, greatly increased the production rate of oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Later, he was on a team that designed coal-seam fracture treat-ments that made mining safer, lowered costs, and dras-tically reduced the amount of methane released intothe atmosphere.

H.R. (Randy) Crawford:Designing New Technology

doubled the coal-mining rate, resulting in much lower costs; and

drastically reduced the amount of methane that was released into

the atmosphere.

“I view this as one of my greatest contributions to the indus-

try,” he said. “The technology still is being used today.” Accord-

ing to Consol, a company that markets 80 Bcf of gas per year

today, it resulted in a projected life-of-the-project savings of USD

1.5 billion. Crawford received a Special Achievement Award from

Conoco for this contribution.

He holds six patents for technologies that include explo-

sive charge assemblies, secondary recovery of petroleum, seismic

methods, and transmission of mechanical power.

Crawford has been an SPE member since 1957. He was

chairman and a director of the Dallas Section of the American In-

stitute of Chemical Engineers, chairman of the Southwest Section

of that group, and has been on the national Board of Directors of

the American Society of Gas Engineers.

Crawford is also a strong believer in education. “I have

taken classes taught by fi ve of the other seven JPT Legends [se-

lected this year],” he said. “I cannot think of a better investment

than education.”

Crawford has established two scholarship funds. The Dr.

H.R. and Louise Crawford Scholarship Endowment at Texas Tech

University gives preference to students from Haskell, Texas, (where

Crawford was born) regardless of the major fi eld of study they

choose. The other scholarship is the H.R. Crawford Endowed

Graduate Fellowship in Engineering for graduate engineering

students at the University of Texas at Austin.

“We are pleased that we have helped more than 100 high

school students attend college,” he said.

“SPE excels in providing education and technology transfer

with their publications, schools, meetings, and the Annual Techni-

cal Conferences and Exhibitions,” he said.“I owe much to the SPE

and its members.I am especially honored to be named a member

of this group of JPT Legends of Production and Operations. They

have been mentors to me.”

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“It was the start of my relationship with the oil industry and my interest in the methods of production,” Schechter ex-plained. “The Production Research Laboratory was an exciting place in those years. I was a consultant for Esso from 1959 through1973.

“There were many technical advances stemming from the research at the laboratory,” he continued, “and the gratifying thing was, if you did something worthwhile, the industry would adopt it immediately. They were receptive tonew technology.”

Schechter earned a BS degree in chemical engineering from Texas A&M University in 1950 and a PhD degree from University of Minnesota in 1956. In between, he was a First Lieutenant in the US Army’s Chemical Corps. After earning his PhD, he began as an assistant professor, then became associate professor, and then professor at the University of Texas at Austin. His focus was on fl uid mechanics, transport phenomena, surface phenomena, optimization, variational principles, oil-well stimulation, and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). He retired from the university in 1997 and is professor emeritus of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum and Geo-systems Engineering.

During his tenure at the University of Texas, he was chairman of the Chemical Engineering Department dur-ing 1970–73 and chairman of the Petroleum Engineer-ing Department during 1975–78. Additionally, he was the director of the Center for Thermodynamics and Sta-tistical Mechanics at the university during 1968–74.

Among his work and research, Schechter holds a pat-ent for extracting uranium from subsurface roll-front deposits.

SchechterRobert S. Schechter: Advances in Production Methods

Since these deposits are often found in permeable sands, he worked on a process to pump a solution into the sand and recover the uranium. “After the Three Mile Island disaster in the 1970s, uranium was no longer of much value and solu-tion mining was no longer of interest,” he said.

Among his signifi cant achievements, Schechter lists his work in acidizing to stimulate oil wells and the development of surfactants for EOR. He and Professor William H. Wade developed a method for measuring the interfacial tension be-tween oil and water called the spinning-drop technique.

“A solution-fi lled tube was spun on its axis at extremely high speed,” Schechter explained. “The shape of the oil drop tells you the interfacial tension. Those machines are available throughout the oil industry today.”

Among the honors and awards he received during his career was the Improved Recovery Pioneer Award in 1996 at the SPE Improved Recovery Symposium. He is also a recipient of the SPE John Franklin Carll Award in 1994 and became an SPE Distinguished Member in 2008. Like many of the JPT Legends in Production and Operations, Schechter is a mem-ber of the US National Academy of Engineering.

He has authored fi ve books and published more than 190 technical articles and reports. Among his books is Oil Well Stimulation published in 1991. The textbook deals with formation damage, perforating, fracturing, acidizing, and sand control. Schechter, with Maurice Bourrel, published Microemulsions and Related Systems in 1991. This mono-graph deals with the formulations, structures, and physical properties of blends of surfactants, oils, and water that form homogeneous phases. The single-phase blends are known as microemulsions. An understanding of these systems is crucial for devising surfactant systems used for EOR.

Robert S. Schechter began his academic career as a clas-sically trained chemical engineer focused on research and teaching about process control of chemical plants. One year, early in his career, he needed summer employment and found work at the Humble (now ExxonMobil) Oil Research Center in Houston.

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Earlougher

“I view myself as an engineer and scientist, and hope to be

so remembered,” he says.

During his 35 years at Marathon, Earlougher held a series

of research positions at the company’s Petroleum Technology

Center in Littleton, Colorado. In 1977, he was appointed man-

ager of the Engineering Department. He later served as Mara-

thon’s division reservoir engineer in Casper, Wyoming, and then

as production manager in Bridgeport, Illinois.

In 1988, he was appointed coordinating manager for

Production UK and transferred to London. Two years later, Ear-

lougher was named manager of the Brae projects. He returned

to the US in 1994 as manager of Business Development for

Worldwide Exploration, settling in Houston, and was appointed

vice president of International Production that same year, a posi-

tion he held until his retirement in 2000.

Earlougher has seen a lot of ups and downs during his

career. “In the 35 years I have been in the industry, it has been

cyclic: fun, then pain, then fun again.

“I tried to fl ow with the cycles as my career moved from re-

search to production, then to operations and construction, and

then into management,” he said. “Initially, I worked in oil recov-

ery and quickly learned that USD 3/bbl oil just could not carry

the cost of production.”

Robert C. Earlougher Jr.:Engineer and Scientist

Earlougher has emphasized the importance of training and

mentoring during his career, and has been very active in SPE.

He served on or chaired many committees, served on the Board

of Directors in the early 1980s, and was an offi cer for the SPE

Denver and London sections. He received the Lester C. Uren

Award in 1979 and the John Franklin Carll Award in 1990. He

became an SPE Distinguished Member in 1983 and an Honor-

ary Member in 1997.

Earlougher is a member of the US National Academy of

Engineering and holds several patents. He is the author or coau-

thor of more than a dozen technical papers.

“Without a doubt, though, what I am most proud of is my

monograph, Advances in Well Test Analysis,” Earlougher said. “It

was published in 1977 and recently saw a fourth printing, selling

over 40,000 copies in that 30-plus years.”

The monograph was the standard text for well-test analysis

classes at several universities, including Stanford University for

nearly 20 years.

Now retired, he and his wife Evelyn enjoy traveling to such

locales as China, Peru, Egypt, and Guatemala. His main inter-

est has been anything associated with the Rocky Mountains of

Colorado, including downhill and cross country skiing, hiking,

and mountain climbing. “By the mid-1970s I had scaled all of

Colorado’s 14,000 ft peaks, many of them more than once.”

Robert C. Earlougher Jr.:SchechterBob Earlougher joined Marathon Oil Company in 1966, after receiving his bachelor’s, master’s, and PhD degrees from Stanford University, and spent 35 committed years at Marathon, retiring as vice president of International Production. Through the years, Bob held a series of re-search positions and served as division reservoir engineer and production manager. He holds several patents, and published a monograph in 1977, which continues to be a standard reference for well-test analysis.

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HightowerMcleod

Hightower earned his BS degree in petroleum engineering from Louisiana State University in 1962. “I had a good friend who was in petroleum engineering and it appealed to me be-cause it offered a lot of outdoor work but yet it was an engineer-ing job,” Hightower said of his degree choice.

He went to work for Chevron as a reservoir engineer, plan-ning drilling and workover operations. He had already had a taste of the oil and gas industry during several summer jobs dur-ing college, including working on a seismic-survey crew and as an offshore roustabout. Later, he worked in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming. After a brief period with BJ Services in engineering support for cementing operations and thermal well stimulation, he landed with Exxon.

It was there that he planned and implemented more than 900 through-tubing and conventional onshore and offshore workovers. He also planned, prepared text, and taught a com-panywide production- and subsurface-engineering school. It was also at Exxon where he became interested in coiled tubing and its benefi ts to the industry.

“I worked with coiled tubing in Lafayette, Louisiana,” High-tower said. “It was really pioneering in those days. We did some things that were a stretch for the quality of pipe then.”

Hightower noted that the early coiled tubing was poor qual-ity with small diameter and thin walls. “It had a terrible reputation because it was either constantly leaking or falling apart. It was limited mainly to pumping nitrogen into the wells to lift them.

“The other application where coiled tubing was used was to pump acid into the well,” he continued, “and believe me, acid and thin wall pipe were not always compatible.”

He subsequently did completion and workover engineering for Superior Oil in Lafayette and Mark Producing in Houston

C.M. (Mel) Hightower: Champion of Coiled-Tubing Drilling

before signing on with Arco, where he became more involved in coiled-tubing work. Hightower performed operations-engineer-ing programs in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, including many through-tubing applications. He also provided engineering support for coiled-tubing projects including extensive window milling tests. He was Arco’s representative on a deepwater coiled-tubing drill-ing feasibility and technical study.

He soon became involved with and was an early member of the International Coiled Tubing Association (ICoTA). He was chairman of the 1999 SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing Roundtable.

While at Arco, Hightower was a coinventor on six down-hole-related patents, mainly dealing with through-tubing and coiled-tubing technologies and applications. “Quite a few of the coiled-tubing and through-tubing patents came from technolo-gies used by Arco in Prudhoe Bay,” he says.

Hightower has been an SPE member since 1960 and was recognized as a Senior Member in 2002. He has written numer-ous technical papers and presented at various SPE conferences and other industry meetings.

Following his retirement in 1999, Hightower became a consulting engineer, advising and planning workover, comple-tion, and coiled-tubing projects around the world. He consulted for Halliburton in Oklahoma, conducting training courses in coiled-tubing systems and drilling operations, and also worked for Maurer Engineering as a coiled-tubing consultant. He also consulted for BP, traveling to Venezuela for workover operations. He retired from consulting in 2003.

“Pushing the coiled-tubing concept is probably the most signifi cant thing that I have done,” Hightower said. “I was not the only one; there was a group of us promoting coiled-tubing drill-ing in the industry and making a lot of presentations with various groups to share and advance the technology.

“We did not invent coiled tubing at Arco, but we felt that if we promoted the technology, there would be more developments that would benefi t the industry,” he continued, “and I am proud that I was advocating coiled-tubing use, especially drilling, dur-ing that technology’s relatively early stages in the industry.”

C.M. (Mel) Hightower worked as a reservoir engineer at Chevron, and then had a successful chapter at Exxon, where he implemented more than 900 through-tubing and conventional workovers and championed the benefi ts of coiled tubing. But it was at Arco where he left his legacy in production and operations by pushing the concept of coiled-tubing drilling.

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HightowerMcleod

McLeod fi rst developed an interest in engineering while observing a pipeline corrosion engineer during summer work for a pipeline company. He attended the Colorado School of Mines on a scholarship awarded annually to one Texas high school graduate, and earned his petroleum production engi-neer degree in1953. He joined Phillips Petroleum in 1953 as an engineer trainee for a year before reporting for duty in the US Army Corps of Engineers, which included instructing trainees in fl oating-bridge construction, where he developed an interestin teaching.

Returning to Phillips in 1956 as a production engineer in the Southwest Antioch Gibson Sand Unit, he implemented trials of new stimulation treatments. He later performed a reservoir study to estimate reserves in place and developed a technique for estimating oil saturation based on producing gas-oil ratios in a portion of the reservoir previously swept by gas injection.

“Exposure to new techniques and contact with Phillips re-search engineers prompted my return to school at the University of Oklahoma, and I earned an MS degree in petroleum engi-neering and a PhD in engineering sciences,” McLeod said.

He joined Exxon in Tulsa in 1963 as a research engineer in artifi cial lift and was awarded a patent for a gas-lift system. He then shifted to hydraulic fracturing, developing a novel split-core testing system to measure fracture conductivity underincreasing stress.

Later, working for the Dowell in Tulsa, he helped develop the use of acid/alcohol mixtures for stimulating wells. McLeod also developed a formation-analysis technique using acid-injec-tion rates and pressures, enabling Dowell to evaluate the skin factor of the well before, during, and after acid treatment.

In 1969, he became director of Information Services at the University of Tulsa, and publisher of Petroleum Abstracts and served on the petroleum engineering faculty, teaching produc-tion engineering and natural-gas engineering and developed the school’s well-completion engineering course.

Harry O’Neal McLeod Jr.:Improvements in ProjectTechnology

McLeod was drawn back to a technical career with Conoco in 1975, working in the Production Technology De-partment as an in-house consultant and teaching in-house seminars in acidizing, hydraulic fracturing, well completion, andsand control. Contact with production personnel such as lease operators, foremen, and engineers challenged him to under-stand puzzling well behavior. He outlined steps for continuous improvement in well development in SPE publications, short courses, and an instructional video titled Matrix Acidizing to Im-prove Well Performance. One of the more signifi cant steps was the development of a perforation model useful in quantifying productivity impairment by either inadequate perforating or per-meability damage.

One big challenge he faced was how to fi nd a solution to premature screenouts during hydraulic fracturing of tight gas sands. McLeod worked with M.W. Osborne and D.H. Kaspereit to model fl uid loss and sand concentration in a fracture, evalu-ate treatment screenouts, and propose a new design of pad fl u-ids with particulates to prevent tip screenouts. Quality-control measures were instituted in fi eld operations with a focus on good water quality and proper mixing of gel and cross-linking systems. Premature screenouts in south-Texas operations fell from 80 to 5% in two years.

McLeod also developed a wellbore model to evaluate cased-hole gravel packs. In-house development of well-produc-tion software by H.R. (Randy) Crawford (another 2009 JPT Leg-end of Production and Operations) greatly aided the evaluation of gravel-packed wells. Subsequent continuous improvement projects followed until his retirement in 1997 as a senior engi-neering professional, the highest technical rank in Conoco.

“Central to my development as a professional were the re-sources of SPE—the publications, meetings, and training cours-es and also work and interaction with other SPE members who were gracious and generous with their knowledge and advice,” McLeod said.

McLeod was twice an SPE Distinguished Lecturer and received the Production Engineering Award in 1989. He was elected an SPE Distinguished Member in 1995 and in 2006 he was inducted into the Legion of Honor as a 50-year memberof SPE.

Harry O’Neal McLeod Jr. devoted his career to evaluat-ing well behavior and making continuous improvements to project technology. At Phillips, he implemented trials of new stimulation treatments; at Exxon, he made an impact focusing on artifi cial-lift and hydraulic-fractur-ing systems; and at Dowell, he developed a formation-analysis technique for evaluating wells when using acid treatments. Later, at Conoco, with others, he designed a fracturing model used to eliminate screenouts by usingcontrol measures.

Legends_2009.indd 41 11/16/09 9:37:01 AM


Mach“1971 was not a good year for graduating petroleum en-

gineers,” he says. “It seemed that half the class stayed in school to become aerospace majors.”

Mach gladly accepted the position at Gulf. “Gulf had a great training program,” Mach said. “For the fi rst six months I worked in the roustabout gang, including riding to work every day in the back of the roustabout pickup.”

During the next year he worked on workover and drilling rigs until he was fi nally anointed as a production engineer in the large West Bay inland fi eld. He worked in the fi eld for a couple of years, tuning and optimizing production and gas-lift systems.

In 1976, he joined Macco Schlumberger, a gas-lift com-pany, as technical manager. A year later, he invented the nodal-analysis application. The application became an industry staple and he considers development of the application his greatest accomplishment. Nodal analysis is a graphical systems-analysis technique that allowed engineers, for the fi rst time, to include the effects of the tubular, completion, lift system, surface facili-ties, and reservoir performance into a single presentation that displayed the production rate of an oil or gas well and the effects of all of these different parts.

Mach also developed differential spacing based on an er-ror envelope that revolutionized gas-lift designs and allowed gas lift to be incorporated into nodal analysis. He teamed with Kermit E. Brown, another JPT Legend of Production and Operations, to teach many production and artifi cial-lift seminars around the world during the late 1970s and 1980s. He also was a con-tributing author to Brown’s book, The Technology of Artifi cialLift Methods.

Mach remained at Schlumberger until 1999, holding vari-ous management positions with increasing levels of responsibil-ity. When he left the company, he was vice president and gen-eral manager, responsible for all aspects of a multi-product-line service business that included 20 service locations and 1,000 employees in 15 countries. Previous to that, he was vice presi-dent of Marketing and Technology where he was responsible

Joe Mach:

for all aspects of product and service development from idea to commercialization. Along the way, Mach made signifi cant con-tributions to Total Quality Management processes and supply-chain management concepts.

In 1999, he joined Russia’s Yukos E&P as fi rst vice presi-dent responsible for Exploration and Production. During his fi rst 4 years at Yukos in Moscow (he left the company in 2006), oil production more than doubled from 800,000 to 1.7 million BOPD. This was accomplished in part while the active producing well count fell from more than 14,000 to 7,000. The increased production rate came about as a result of decreasing water cut by 15% and increasing the average rate per well fourfold while reducing operating expense per barrel. Reserves increased by 3 billion bbl during the times.

“This organic growth resulted from the application of differential know-how and technology in production, water fl ooding, fracturing, artifi cial lift, and reservoir management,”Mach explained.

“The results at Yukos also were achieved by the imple-mentation of a technology transfer initiative involving 5,000 engineers, including skill-set assessments processes, online technology transfer and monitoring, and a unique activity-prioritization system.”

When he left Yukos in 2006, Mach returned to Texas and to his 6,000-acre San Angelo ranch. He is now involved in his own consulting company, Houston Consultants, which specializesin investments.

He has been an SPE member since 1970. He graduated with honors from the University of Tulsa in 1971 with a BS degree in petroleum engineering. He later served as chairman of the University of Tulsa Petroleum Engineering Advisory Board and was elected to the University of Tulsa College of Engineering Hall of Fame. He also is a member of the Petroleum Engineering Advisory Boards of Texas A&M and Texas Tech universities.

It did not take long for Joe Mach to triumph over the only job he was offered after graduation—a position at Gulf Oil as a roustabout. The next year he worked on rigs un-til he was fi nally promoted as production engineer. This hands-on experience from optimizing production and gas-lift systems formed the foundation of his career.

Nodal AnalysisBreakthrough

Legends_2009.indd 42 11/16/09 9:37:03 AM


SPE Papers authored by the J P T L E G E N D S O F P R O D U C T I O N A N D O P E R AT I O N S

Joe MachA Nodal Approach for Applying Systems Analysis to the Flowing and Artifi cial Lift Oil or Gas Well, 1979. Coauthors: Eduardo Proano and Kermit E. Brown.

Economic Approach to Oil Production and Gas Allocation in Continuous Gas Lift, 1981. Coauthors: Eni P. Kanu andKermit E. Brown.

Production Systems Analysis of Vertically Fractured Wells, 1982. Coauthors: Hai-Zui Meng, Eduardo Antonio Proano, and Ismail M. Buhidma.

Robert S. SchechterMatrix Acidization with Highly Reactive Acids, 1971. Coauthor: J.A. Guin.

Spontaneous Emulsifi cation—A Possible Mechanism for Enhanced Oil Recovery, 1975. Coauthors: R.L. Cash Jr., J.L. Cayias, Michael Hayes, D.J. MacAllister, T. Schares, and W.H. Wade.

Modeling Crude Oils for Low Interfacial Tension, 1976. Coauthors: J.L. Cayias and W.H. Wade.

On the Mechanism of Foam Formation in Porous Media, 1976. Coauthor: M. Kanda.

Surfactant Aging: A Possible Detriment to Tertiary Oil Recovery, 1976. Coauthors: R.L. Cash, J.L. Cayias, M. Hayes, D.J. McAllister, T. Schares, and W.H. Wade.

Thermodynamic Limitations in Organic-Acid/Carbonate Systems, 1976. Coauthors: J.C. Chatelain and I.H. Silberberg.

Low Interfacial Tensions Involving Mixtures of Surfactants, 1977. Coauthors: W.H. Wade, J.C. Morgan, and J.K. Jacobson.

Static and Dynamic Adsorption of Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants, 1977. Coauthors: F.J. Trogus, T. Sophany, and W.H. Wade.

Interfacial Tension and Phase Behavior of Surfactant Systems, 1978. Coauthors:W.H. Wade, James C. Morgan, J.K. Jacobson, and J.L. Salager.

Properties of Amphiphile Oil/Water Systems at an Optimum Formulation for Formulation for Phase Behavior,1978. Coauthors: Maurice Bourrel,Andrew M. Lipow, W.H. Wade, andJean-Louis Salager.

Rate Effects Attending the Flow of Surfactant Solutions Through Porous Media, 1978. Coauthors: M. Fernandez,M. El Emary, W.H. Wade, and F.J. Trogus.

Adsorption of Mixed Surfactant Systems, 1979. Coauthors: F.J. Trogus, G.A. Pope, and W.H. Wade.

Interfacial Tension and Behavior of Nonionic Surfactants, 1979. Coauthors: Michael E. Hayes, Maurice Bourrel, Mahmoud M. El-Emary, andWilliam H. Wade.

Mathematical Modeling of In-Situ Uranium Leaching, 1979. Coauthor: Paul M. Bommer.

Mixing Rules for Optimum Phase-Behavior Formulations of Surfactant/Oil/Water Systems, 1979. Coauthors: J.L. Salager, M. Bourrel, and W.H. Wade.

Optimum Formulation of Surfactant/Water/Oil Systems for Minimum Interfacial Tension or Phase Behavior, 1979. Coauthors: J.L. Salager, J.C. Morgan,W.H. Wade, and E. Vasquez.

Post In-Situ Uranium Leaching Site Restoration Numerical Analysis, 1979. Coauthor: Paul M. Bommer.

A Description of Chemical Precipitation Mechanisms and Their Role in Formation Damage During Stimulation by Hydrofl uoric Acid, 1982. Coauthors:Mark P. Walsh and Larry W. Lake.

Compositional Effects on the Adsorption of Surfactant From Aqueous Phases in Equilibrium With a Middle Phase Microemulsion, 1982. Coauthors: Marc R.M. Vernet and Remy Truchetet.

Criteria for Structuring Surfactants To Maximize Solubilization of Oil and Water: Part 1—Commercial Nonionics, 1982. Coauthors: Alain Graciaa, Lester N. Fortney, William H. Wade, and Seang Yiv.

Evaluation of the One-Well Uranium Leaching Test: Restoration, 1982. Coauthors: Muhammad I. Kabir and Larry W. Lake.

Mach

Schechter (right)

Legends_2009.indd 43 11/16/09 9:37:06 AM


Optimization of Uranium Leach Mining, 1982. Coauthor: Paul M. Bommer.

The Effect of Several Polymers on the Phase Behavior of Micellar Fluids, 1982. Coauthors: Gary A. Pope, Kerming Tsaur, and Ben Wang.

The Topology of Phase Boundaries for Oil/Brine/Surfactant Systems and Its Relationship to Oil Recovery, 1982. Coauthors: M. Bourrel, C. Chambu, and W.H. Wade.

Binary Surfactant Mixtures for Minimizing Alcohol Cosolvent Requirements, 1983. Coauthors: C. Lelanne-Cassou, I. Carmona, L. Fortney, A. Samii, W.H. Wade, V. Weerasooriya, and S. Yiv.

Mobilization of Residual Oil Under Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Conditions, 1983. Coauthors:Andrew C. Lam and William H. Wade.

Phase Partitioning of Anionic and Nonionic Surfactant Mixtures, 1983. Coauthors: Christos Koukounis and W.H. Wade.

The Phase Behavior of Simple Salt-Tolerant Sulfonates, 1983. Coauthors: Y. Barakat, L.N. Fortney, C. LaLanne-Cassou,W.H. Wade, U. Weerasooriya, and S. Yiv.

Optimal Injection Strategies for the Propagation of Surfactant Mixtures Through Porous Media, 1984. Coauthors: Jeffrey H. Harwell and William H. Wade.

Relative Permeabilities of Surfactant/Steam/Water Systems, 1984. Coauthors: Armando Monsalve and W.H. Wade.

The Effect of Trace Quantities of Surfactant on Nitrogen/Water Relative Permeabilities, 1986. Coauthors: J.M. Sanchez and A. Monsalve.

Optimization of Vertical Acid Fractures in Steady-State Flow, 1987. Coauthors:S.D. Sevougian and K. Sepehrnoori.

Partitioning of Nonionic and Anionic Surfactant Mixtures Between Oil/Microemulsion/Water Phases, 1987. Coauthors: A. Graciaa, J. Lachaise, Maurice Bourrel, Irvin Osborne-Lee, and W.H. Wade.

An Analysis of Reservoir Chemical Treatments, 1988. Coauthors: M.A. Dria and L.W. Lake.

Formation of Water-Soluble Silicate Gels by the Hydrolysis of a Diester of Dicarboxylic Acid Solublized as Microemulsions, 1989. Coauthors: B. Vinot and Larry W. Lake.

Steady Adiabatic, Two-Phase Flow of Steam and Water Through Porous Media, 1990. Coauthor: J. Michael Sanchez.

Optimizing Sandstone Acidization, 1992. Coauthors: Eduardo Ponce da Motta and Benjamin Plavnik.

The Optimum Injection Rate for Matrix Acidizing of Carbonate Formations, 1993. Coauthors: Y. Wang and A.D. Hill.

Designing Effective Sandstone Acidizing Treatments Through Geochemical Modeling, 1997. Coauthors: M. Anthony Quinn and Larry W. Lake.

Reaction Rate and Fluid Loss: The Keys to Wormhole Initiation and Propagation in Carbonate Acidizing, 2000. Coauthors: T. Huang and A.D. Hill.

Kermit BrownEvaluation of Valve Port Size, Surface Chokes and Fluid Fall-Back in Intermittent Gas-Lift Installations, 1962. Coauthor: Frank W. Jessen.

Prediction of Pressure Gradients for Multiphase Flow in Tubing, 1963. Coauthor: George H. Fancher Jr.

The Effect of Liquid Viscosity in Two-Phase Vertical Flow, 1964. Coauthor:Alton R. Hagedorn.

Experimental Study of Pressure Gradients Occurring During Continuous Two-Phase Flow in Small-Diameter Vertical Conduits, 1965. Coauthor: Alton R. Hagedorn.

Superior Teaching, 1965.

Multiphase Flow Through Chokes, 1969. Coauthors: R. Omana, C. Houssiere Jr., James P. Brill, and Richard E. Thompson.

New Emphasis in Engineering Schools on Graduate Education, 1969. Coauthors: Thomas F. Staley and Gordon W. Thomas.

Application of Systems Analysis Can Increase Production by 200 Percent in High Volume Gas Lift Wells, 1971. Coauthor: Doyle L. Jones.

Attacking Those Troublesome Dual Gas Lift Installations, 1972. Coauthor: Jerry B. Davis.

Future Trends in Petroleum Engineering Education, 1976.

A Nodal Approach for Applying Systems Analysis to the Flowing and Artifi cial Lift Oil or Gas Well, 1979. Coauthors: Joe Mach and Eduardo Proano.

Economic Approach to Oil Production and Gas Allocation in Continuous Gas Lift, 1981. Coauthors: Eni P. Kanu and Joe Mach.

Overview of Artifi cial Lift Systems, 1982.

Nodal Systems Analysis of Oil and Gas Wells, 1985. Coauthor: James F. Lea.

Robert C. Earlougher Jr.Pressure Distributions in Rectangular Reservoirs, 1968. Coauthors: H.J. Ramey Jr., F.G. Miller, and T.D. Mueller.

Some Practical Considerations in the Design of Steam Injection Wells, 1969.

Performance of the Fry In-Situ Combustion Project, 1970. Coauthors: J.R. Galloway and R.W. Parsons.

Estimating Drainage Shapes from Reservoir Limit Tests, 1971.

Comparing Single-Point Pressure Buildup Data With Reservoir Simulator Results, 1972.

Field Examples of Automatic Transient Test Analysis, 1972. Coauthor: Keith M. Kersch.

Compositional Simulation of Miscible Processes Using Two- and Three-Component Systems, 1973. Coauthor: Robert A. Wattenbarger.

Wellbore Effects in Injection Well Testing, 1973. Coauthors: R.M. Kersch and H.J. Ramey Jr.Brown


Legends_2009.indd 44 11/16/09 9:37:08 AM


Analysis of Short-Time Transient Test

Data By Type-Curve Matching, 1974.

Coauthor: Keith M. Kersch.

Micellar Solution Flooding: Field Test

Results and Process Improvements,

1974. Coauthors: J.E. O’Neal and H. Surkalo.

Some Characteristics of Pressure Buildup

Behavior in Bounded Multiple-Layered

Reservoirs Without Crossfl ow, 1974.

Coauthors: K.M. Kersch and W.J. Kunzman.

Analysis and Design Methods for

Vertical Well Testing, 1980.

Practicalities of Detecting Faults From

Buildup Testing, 1980. Coauthor:

H. Kazemi.

Field Application of Vertical Well

Testing Methods With a Case History,

1981. Coauthor: W.J. Kunzman.

H.R. CrawfordCarbon Dioxide—A Multipurpose Additive

for Effective Well Stimulation, 1963.

Coauthors: G.H. Neill, B.J. Bucy, and

P.B. Crawford.

Drag Reduction of Dilute Polymer

Solutions, 1964. Coauthor: G.T. Pruitt.

Field and Laboratory Results of

Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen in Well

Stimulation, 1964. Coauthors:

G.H. Neill, J.B. Dobbs, and G.T. Pruitt.

A Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation

of Fracture Treatment Variables Employing

a Digital Computer Program, 1967.

Coauthors: L.J. Harp and R.A. Zachary.

Proppant Scheduling and Calculation of

Fluid Lost During Fracturing, 1983.

Underbalanced Perforating Design, 1989.

Drill Cuttings Reinjection for Heidrun: A

Study, 1993. Coauthor: J.A. Lescarboura.

James BrillPractical Use of Recent Research in

Multiphase Vertical and Horizontal

Flow, 1966. Coauthors: T.D. Doerr,

A.R. Hagedorn, and K.E. Brown.

An Analytical Description of Liquid

Slug Flow In Small-Diameter Vertical

Conduits, 1967.

Participation: The Solution to the

AIME Student Chapter Problem, 1967.

Coauthor: James W. Crafton.

Multiphase Flow Through Chokes, 1969.

Coauthors: R. Omana, C. Houssiere Jr.,

Kermit E. Brown, and Richard E. Thompson.

Comparison of Friction Factor Correlations

for Gas-Liquid Flow in Horizontal Pipes,

1973. Coauthor: Florencio Hernandez.

A Statistical Evaluation of Methods

Used To Predict Pressure Losses for

Multiphase Flow in Vertical Oilwell

Tubing, 1974. Coauthor: J. David Lawson.

Evaluation of Three New Methods For

Predicting Pressure Losses In Vertical

Oilwell Tubing, 1974. Coauthors:

I.R. Vohra and J.R. Robinson.

Parameters for Computing Pressure

Gradients and the Equilibrium

Saturation of Gas-Condensate Fluids

Flowing in Sandstones, 1974. Coauthors:

Jerry D. Ham and C. Kenneth Eilerts.

Comparison of Liquid-Holdup and Friction-

Factor Correlations for Gas-Liquid Flow,

1975. Coauthors: I.R. Vohra, F. Hernandez,

and N. Marcano.

Experimental Study of Severe Slugging

in a Two-Phase-Flow Pipeline - Riser

Pipe System, 1980. Coauthors:

Z. Schmidt and H.D. Beggs.

Analysis of Two-Phase Tests in Large-

Diameter Flow Lines in Prudhoe Bay

Field, 1981. Coauthors: Zelimir Schmidt,

William A. Coberly, John D. Herring, and

David W. Moore.

Evaluation of Two-Phase Flow Test Pipeline

Confi gurations for an Offshore Oil

Field, 1983. Coauthors: T.R. Sifferman,

Zelimir Schmidt, Yugdutt Sharma, and

Kunal Dutta-Roy.

Liquid Holdup Correlations for Inclined

Two-Phase Flow, 1983. Coauthor:

Hemanta Mukherjee.

Simulation of a Major Oilfi eld Gas-

Gathering Pipeline System, 1983.

Coauthors: Thomas R. Sifferman,

Brian Samaroo, and Arirachakaran Srihasak.

Hydrodynamic Model For Intermittent Gas

Lifting of Viscous Oil, 1984. Coauthors:

Zelimir Schmidt, Dale R. Doty,

Peter B. Lukong, and Orlando F. Fernandez.

Earlougher

Crawford

Brill


Legends_2009.indd 45 11/16/09 9:46:33 AM


Two-Phase Flow Through Chokes, 1986. Coauthors: R. Sachdeva, Z. Schmidt, and R.M. Blais.

Casing Heading in Flowing Oil Wells, 1987. Coauthors: A.J. Torre, Z. Schmidt, R.N. Blais, and D.R. Doty.

Liquid Holdup in Wet-Gas Pipelines, 1987. Coauthor: K. Minami.

Multiphase Flow in Wells, 1987.

Analysis of Computational Procedures for Multicomponent Flow in Pipelines, 1988. Coauthors: J.C. Goyon and O. Shoham.

Dynamic Simulation of Slug Catcher Behavior, 1988. Coauthors: H. Genceli,K.A. Kuenhold, and O. Shoham.

Prediction of Dispersion Viscosity of Oil/Water Mixture Flow in Horizontal Pipes, 1988. Coauthors: A.E. Martinez,S. Arirachakaran, and O. Shoham.

Study of Subcritical Flow Through Multiple-Orifi ce Valves, 1988. Coauthors: D.W. Surbey and B.G. Kelkar.

An Analysis of Oil/Water Flow Phenomena in Horizontal Pipes, 1989. Coauthors: S. Arirachakaran, K.D. Oglesby, M.S. Malinowsky, and O. Shoham.

Prediction of Slug Length in Horizontal, Large-Diameter Pipes, 1989. Coauthors: Stuart L. Scott and Ovadia Shoham.

Simulation of Downhole Heater Phenomena in the Production of Wellbore Fluids, 1989. Coauthors: Yugdutt Sharma and Ovadia Shoham.

Study of Multiphase Critical Flow Through Wellhead Chokes, 1989. Coauthors: D.W. Surbey and B.G. Kelkar.

A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for Two-Phase Flow in Pipelines, 1990. Coauthors: J.J. Xiao and O. Shonham.

A Nonintrusive Flowmetering Method for Two-Phase Intermittent Flow in Horizontal Pipes, 1990. Coauthors: Gene E. Kouba and Ovadia Shoham.

Complete Multiplatform Networking Integration in a Petroleum Research Environment, 1991. Coauthors:L.L. Jefferson and S. Arirachakaran.

Intelligent Utilization of a Unifi ed Flow Pattern Prediction Model in Production System Optimization, 1991. Coauthors:S. Arirachakaran, D.A. Papadimitriou,L.L. Jefferson, and O. Shoham.

Transient Analysis of Point Arguello Gas Pipeline Behavior, 1991. Coauthors:C. Sarica, O. Shoham, and Y. Taitel.

Two-Phase Flow in Low-Velocity Hilly Terrain Pipelines, 1991. Coauthors:C. Sarica and O. Shoham.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Two-Phase Flow in Horizontal Wells, 1992. Coauthors: Masaru Ihara and Ovadia Shoham.

State of the Art in Multiphase Flow, 1992. Coauthor: S.J. Arirachakaran.

Hilly Terrain Effects on Slug Flow Characteristics, 1993. Coauthors: Guohua Zheng and Ovadia Shoham.

A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for Upward Two-Phase Flow in Wellbores, 1994. Coauthors: A.M. Ansari,N.D. Sylvester, and O. Shoham.

Infl uence of Wellbore Hydraulics on Pressure Behavior and Productivity of Horizontal Gas Wells, 1994. Coauthors: Cem Sarica, Mustafa Haciislamoglu, and Rajagopal Raghavan.

An Experimental Study of Two-Phase Slug Flow in Hilly Terrain Pipelines, 1995. Coauthors: G.H. Zheng and Ovadia Shoham.

An Experimental Study on Downward Slug Flow in Inclined Pipes, 1996. Coauthors: P.M. Roumazeilles, J. Yang, C. Sarica, X. Chen, and J. Wilson.

A Study of Oil/Water Flow Patterns in Horizontal Pipes, 1997. Coauthors:J.L. Trallero and Cem Sarica.

Characterization of Oil–Water Flow Patterns in Vertical and Deviated Wells, 1997. Coauthors: Jose G. Flores, X. Tom Chen, and Cem Sarica.

Techniques for Measuring Wax Thickness During Single and Multiphase Flow, 1997. Coauthors: X.T. Chen, T. Butler, and M. Volk.

A Study of Slug Characteristics for Two-Phase Horizontal Flow, 1998. Coauthors: R. Marcano and C. Sarica.

An Analysis of Weep Holes as a Product-Detection Device for Underground, Compensated LPG-Storage Systems, 1998. Coauthors: Cem Sarica and H.M. Demir.

Effect of Completion Geometry and Phasing on Single-Phase Liquid Flow Behavior in Horizontal Wells, 1998. Coauthors: Hong Yuan and Cem Sarica.

Characterization of Oil-Water Flow Patterns in Vertical and Deviated Wells, 1999. Coauthors: Jose G. Flores, X. Tom Chen, and Cem Sarica.

Comprehensive Mechanistic Modeling of Two-Phase Flow in Deviated Wells, 1999. Coauthors: A.S. Kaya and C. Sarica.

Effect of Perforation Density on Single Phase Liquid Flow Behavior in Horizontal Wells, 1999. Coauthors: H. Yuan and C. Sarica.

Crude Oil-Natural Gas Two-Phase Flow Pattern Transition Boundaries at High Pressure Conditions, 2001. Coauthors: R. Manabe, H.Q. Zhang, and E. Delle-Case.

Experimental Study of Low-Liquid-Loading Gas-Liquid Flow in Near-Horizontal Pipes, 2001. Coauthors: Weihong Meng, Xuanzheng T. Chen, Gene E. Kouba, and Cem Sarica.

Mechanistic Modeling of Two-Phase Flow in Deviated Wells, 2001. Coauthors: A.S. Kaya and C. Sarica.

A Mechanistic Heat Transfer Model for Vertical Two-Phase Flow, 2003. Coauthors: Ryo Manabe, Qian Wang, Hong-Quan Zhang, and Cem Sarica.

Improvements in Single-Phase Paraffi n Deposition Modeling, 2003. Coauthors: O.C. Hernandez, H. Hensley, C. Sarica,M. Volk, and E. Delle-Case.

Probabilistic/Mechanistic Modeling of Slug Length Distribution in a Horizontal Pipeline, 2003. Coauthors: E.M. Al-safran, C. Sarica, and H.Q. Zhang.

Unifi ed Model of Heat Transfer in Gas-Liquid Pipe Flow, 2004. Coauthors:H.Q. Zhang, Q. Wang, and C. Sarica.

Mechanistic/Probabilistic Modeling of Slug Initiation in a Lower Elbow of a Hilly-Terrain Pipeline, 2006. Coauthors: E.M. Alsafran, C. Sarica, and H.Q. Zhang.

Unifi ed Model of Heat Transfer in Gas/Liquid Pipe Flow, 2006. Coauthors:H.Q. Zhang, Q. Wang, and C. Sarica.


Legends_2009.indd 46 11/16/09 9:46:46 AM


Harry O. McLeod Jr.Natural Gas Hydrates at Pressures to 10,000 psia, 1961. Coauthor:John M. Campbell.

Mechanisms by Which Pentane and Hexane Adsorb on Silica Gel, 1966. Coauthor: J.M. Campbell.

The Stimulation Treatment Pressure Record An Overlooked Formation Evaluation Tool, 1969. Coauthor: A.W. Coulter Jr.

The Analysis and Control of Hydraulic Fracturing Problems, 1981. Coauthors: M.W. Osborne and Herbert D. Schroeder.

Gravel Packing for High Rate Completions, 1982. Coauthor: Horace R. Crawford.

A Simplifi ed Approach to Design of Fracturing Treatments Using High Viscosity Cross-Linked Fluids, 1983.

The Effect of Perforating Conditions on Well Performance, 1983.

The Planning, Execution, and Evaluation of Acid Treatments in Sandstone Formations, 1983. Coauthors: L.B. Ledlow and M.V. Till.

Matrix Acidizing, 1984.

Productivity Decline in Gravel Packed Wells After Acidizing, 1986.

Monitoring and Analysis of Gravel-Packing Procedures To Explain Well Performance, 1994.

Multirate Well Testing to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Frac Packing, 1996. Coauthors: Scott W. Jordan andDavid F. Shurtz.

Well-Completion Audits To Evaluate Gravel-Packing Procedures, 1997. Coauthor: M.A. Pashen.

Analysis of Post-Audits for Gulf of Mexico Gravel-Packed Oilwell Completions Leads to Continuous Improvement in Completion Practices, 2000. Coauthor: M.A. Pashen.

C.M. HightowerInnovative Technology in Producing Operations, 1988. Coauthors:D.D. Hearn, C.G. Blount, D.R. Coleman, B.L. Carlberg, N.O. Wolf, C.K. Clayton, B.A. Blevins, J.M. Turner, R.M. Knight,J. Nethers, W.D. Eatwell, D.R. Craig,P. McClintock, L. Krause, J.H. Andrew, J.W. Hall, and A.A. Hamouda.

HCl/HF Acid-Resistant Cement Blend: Model Study and Field Application, 1991. Coauthors: Curtis G. Blount, Jerry L. Brady, Dustin M. Fife, Lamar L. Gantt, and Julie, M. Heusser.

Recompletions Using Large-Diameter Coiled Tubing: Prudhoe Bay Case History and Discussion, 1991. Coauthors: C.G. Blount, S.L. Ward, and T.D. Weiss.

Emerging Coiled-Tubing Applications at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, 1993. Coauthors: C.G. Blount, S.L. Ward, and E.J. Walker.

Coiled-Tubing Sidetrack: Slaughter Field Case History, 1995. Coauthors: C.G. Blount, S.L. Ward, R.F. Martin,D.L. Cantwell, and M.J. Ackers.

Newly Applied BHA Elements Contribute to Mainstreaming of Coiled-Tubing Drilling Applications, 1998. Coauthors: D.D. Gleitman, J.R. Hardin, L.L. Gantt, B.E. Smith, E.R. Upchurch, and M.B. Smith.

McLeod

Hightower


Legends_2009.indd 47 11/16/09 9:47:00 AM

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