Lehigh Valley Heritage Center Jarod F. Stanton Mechanical Option Penn State Architectural Engineering

Lehigh Valley Heritage Lehigh Valley Heritage CenterCenter

Jarod F. StantonJarod F. StantonMechanical OptionMechanical Option

Penn State Architectural EngineeringPenn State Architectural Engineering

Jarod F. StantonJarod F. StantonMechanical EmphasisMechanical Emphasis

Lehigh Valley Heritage CenterLehigh Valley Heritage CenterAllentown, PAAllentown, PA

Architectural EngineeringArchitectural EngineeringPenn State UniversityPenn State University

Project TeamProject Team Existing ConditionsExisting Conditions Depth: Mechanical System Evaluation and RedesignDepth: Mechanical System Evaluation and Redesign Breadth: Structural Framing and Support System, Breadth: Structural Framing and Support System,

for Rooftop Equipment Well, Evaluation and Re-for Rooftop Equipment Well, Evaluation and Re-sizingsizing

Breadth: Evaluation of Electrochromic Smart Breadth: Evaluation of Electrochromic Smart WindowsWindows

Conclusions/RecommendationsConclusions/Recommendations Quality Q &A time with the AE FacultyQuality Q &A time with the AE Faculty

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline




Project TeamProject Team Owner/OccupantOwner/Occupant::

ArchitectArchitect::

EngineerEngineer::

Construction Construction ManagementManagement::












Existing ConditionsExisting Conditions

Located in Allentown, Located in Allentown, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

$5.7 million, estimated $5.7 million, estimated project costproject cost

Currently Under Currently Under ConstructionConstruction

32,000 ft32,000 ft2 2 BuildingBuilding Art GalleriesArt Galleries ExhibitsExhibits OfficesOffices LibraryLibrary ClassroomClassroom Artifact preparation Artifact preparation

roomsrooms





2 stories with a partial 2 stories with a partial basementbasement

Basement serves as Basement serves as storage and mechanical storage and mechanical spacespace

Large glass lobby on Large glass lobby on northeast corner of northeast corner of building with glass building with glass pyramidal skylightpyramidal skylight Serves as entrance to Serves as entrance to

visitorsvisitors Can be used for exhibits and Can be used for exhibits and

displaysdisplays





Mechanical Equipment:Mechanical Equipment: Packaged Roof Top Units (2)Packaged Roof Top Units (2)

DX cooling with Hot Water Duct Coils to provide heatingDX cooling with Hot Water Duct Coils to provide heating Air Handling Units (3)Air Handling Units (3)

Hot Water and Chilled Water coilsHot Water and Chilled Water coils Two units are supplied with steam by direct injectionTwo units are supplied with steam by direct injection

Fan Coil Unit (1)Fan Coil Unit (1) 4 pipe application4 pipe application

VAV boxes, hot water (19)VAV boxes, hot water (19) Utilized throughout the building as primary heatUtilized throughout the building as primary heat

Steam Generators (2)Steam Generators (2) Gas firedGas fired Provide humidificationProvide humidification

Boilers (2)Boilers (2) Gas firedGas fired





Structural System:Structural System: Standard Steel FramingStandard Steel Framing Reinforced Masonry Shear WallsReinforced Masonry Shear Walls

Face BrickFace Brick CMUCMU BluestoneBluestone Pre-cast ConcretePre-cast Concrete

Concrete Floor Slabs on metal decking Concrete Floor Slabs on metal decking





Electrical System:Electrical System: 42 KA AIC, 1000/3 N frame main breaker42 KA AIC, 1000/3 N frame main breaker Step down transformerStep down transformer

150 KVA 480 V Delta 3 Phase 150 KVA 480 V Delta 3 Phase

208Y/120 V 3 Phase 208Y/120 V 3 Phase Bollard and Recessed Outdoors LightingBollard and Recessed Outdoors Lighting Dimmable Fluorescent Indoor Lighting Dimmable Fluorescent Indoor Lighting












Design CriteriaDesign Criteria

Building Climate CriteriaBuilding Climate Criteria Storage Areas: 45% RH (+/- Storage Areas: 45% RH (+/-

5%) at 65 F (+/-5 F)5%) at 65 F (+/-5 F) Archival Storage, Museum Archival Storage, Museum

Collections Storage, Collections Storage, Negative Storage RoomNegative Storage Room

Work Spaces: 45% RH (+/- Work Spaces: 45% RH (+/- 5%) at 70-75 F5%) at 70-75 F

Galleries, Reading Room, Galleries, Reading Room, Archival Processing, Archival Processing, Collections ProcessingCollections Processing

Remaining Building: 50% Remaining Building: 50% RH at 70-75 FRH at 70-75 F

Building OccupancyBuilding Occupancy Total Design Occupancy of Total Design Occupancy of

497 people497 people




Existing Equipment and Existing Equipment and FootprintFootprint

Existing Mechanical SystemExisting Mechanical System 1765 ft1765 ft22 of designated mechanical space of designated mechanical space

in basementin basement Two mechanical rooms housing three air Two mechanical rooms housing three air

handling units, two steam generators, two handling units, two steam generators, two boilers, one chiller and a relief air fanboilers, one chiller and a relief air fan

1464 ft1464 ft22 of designated mechanical space of designated mechanical space on the roofon the roof

24’ x 61’ Equipment Well containing two roof 24’ x 61’ Equipment Well containing two roof top units and two condensing unitstop units and two condensing units




Problems with VAV boxesProblems with VAV boxes

VAV BoxesVAV Boxes Nineteen in total Nineteen in total Contains a hot water Contains a hot water

heating coil used for heating coil used for primary heatprimary heat

Motorized DamperMotorized Damper No FanNo Fan

Problems with VAV boxesProblems with VAV boxes Poor Humidity ControlPoor Humidity Control Poor Air DistributionPoor Air Distribution Poor Ventilation Poor Ventilation

PerformancePerformance




Proposed SolutionProposed Solution

Proposed Solution for VAV problems:Proposed Solution for VAV problems: Dedicated Outdoor Air SystemDedicated Outdoor Air System

Provides proper ventilation performanceProvides proper ventilation performance Provides good air distribution with high Provides good air distribution with high

induction diffusersinduction diffusers Provides quality humidity controlProvides quality humidity control




Dedicated Outdoor Air Dedicated Outdoor Air SystemSystem

DOASDOAS Use of Semco energy recovery Use of Semco energy recovery

air handling unit model EPD-18 air handling unit model EPD-18 for ventilation requirements for ventilation requirements and latent loadsand latent loads

Contains an enthalpy and Contains an enthalpy and sensible energy recovery sensible energy recovery wheelswheels

Place in equipment well on Place in equipment well on roofroof

4 pipe Fan Coil Units were 4 pipe Fan Coil Units were chosen for the parallel systemchosen for the parallel system

Able to satisfy remaining Able to satisfy remaining sensible loadssensible loads

Both hot water and chilled Both hot water and chilled water are available through water are available through the existing mechanical the existing mechanical equipmentequipment

Must be equipped with Must be equipped with condensate pans and condensate pans and condensate return linescondensate return lines




Computer SimulationComputer Simulation

Carrier’s HAP v4.2 building energy Carrier’s HAP v4.2 building energy simulation programsimulation program Used to determine the optimum Used to determine the optimum

temperature setting of the cooling coil for temperature setting of the cooling coil for the cheapest operating costthe cheapest operating cost

Cooling Coil default temperature set at 70 F, Cooling Coil default temperature set at 70 F, but humidity requirements control the but humidity requirements control the operation of the coiloperation of the coil

Minimum Relative Humidity = 40%Minimum Relative Humidity = 40% Maximum Relative Humidity = 50%Maximum Relative Humidity = 50%




Reduction in Equipment Reduction in Equipment SizeSize

Equipment reductions:Equipment reductions: BoilerBoiler

Original : 2x 2,000 MBH gas firedOriginal : 2x 2,000 MBH gas fired DOAS : 1x 750 MBH gas firedDOAS : 1x 750 MBH gas fired

Chiller and Condensing UnitsChiller and Condensing Units Original : 60 ton chiller with 2x 30 ton condensing unitsOriginal : 60 ton chiller with 2x 30 ton condensing units DOAS : 41.5 ton chiller with 1 corresponding condensing unitDOAS : 41.5 ton chiller with 1 corresponding condensing unit

Primary Air Distribution UnitsPrimary Air Distribution Units Original : 33,751 cfm distributed by3 Air Handling Units and 2 Original : 33,751 cfm distributed by3 Air Handling Units and 2

Rooftop UnitsRooftop Units DOAS : 12,600 cfm distributed by 1 energy recovery air DOAS : 12,600 cfm distributed by 1 energy recovery air

handling unithandling unit Steam GeneratorsSteam Generators

Original : 2x 238 MBH gas fired steam generatorsOriginal : 2x 238 MBH gas fired steam generators DOAS : 1x 140 MBH gas fired steam generatorDOAS : 1x 140 MBH gas fired steam generator




$ Savings $$ Savings $

Cost Analysis:Cost Analysis: Operating Costs:Operating Costs:

Original Design, $34,643Original Design, $34,643 DOAS Design, $32,482DOAS Design, $32,482

Operating Cost Savings of $2,161Operating Cost Savings of $2,161 Reasons for such closely related costs:Reasons for such closely related costs:

Fan Coil Units have fans which greatly Fan Coil Units have fans which greatly increases electricity consumptionincreases electricity consumption

Lights are a majority of electricity Lights are a majority of electricity consumption and do not change from consumption and do not change from designsdesigns

Equipment Costs (Mechanical Equipment, Equipment Costs (Mechanical Equipment, not including pumps) :not including pumps) :

Using 2003 RS Means Mechanical Cost Using 2003 RS Means Mechanical Cost Data:Data:

Original Design, $267,832Original Design, $267,832 DOAS Design, $195,333DOAS Design, $195,333

Equipment Cost Savings of ~$72,500Equipment Cost Savings of ~$72,500












Structural Frame EvaluationStructural Frame Evaluation

Structural:Structural: Evaluate and resize structural steel frame in equipment well Evaluate and resize structural steel frame in equipment well

on roof to support Semco unit and condensing uniton roof to support Semco unit and condensing unit Equipment wellEquipment well

Dimensions : 24’ x 61’Dimensions : 24’ x 61’ 9’ Screen walls surround the well9’ Screen walls surround the well

LoadingsLoadings Semco unit weighs 17,150 lbs, distributed over an area of 24’ x Semco unit weighs 17,150 lbs, distributed over an area of 24’ x

41’41’ Condensing unit weighs 3,650 lbs, distributed over an area of 24’ Condensing unit weighs 3,650 lbs, distributed over an area of 24’

x 20’x 20’ Screen Wall = 270 lb/ftScreen Wall = 270 lb/ft Live Load = 31 psf (snow load controls)Live Load = 31 psf (snow load controls) Superimposed dead load = 25 psfSuperimposed dead load = 25 psf

Includes roofing materials, steel members, ductwork and sprinklersIncludes roofing materials, steel members, ductwork and sprinklers




Steel Resizing and SavingsSteel Resizing and Savings

Steel Members Reduced in SizeSteel Members Reduced in Size BeamsBeams

(4x) W16x26 reduced to W12x14(4x) W16x26 reduced to W12x14 (8x) W14x22 reduced to W12x14(8x) W14x22 reduced to W12x14 (3x) W16x31 reduced to W12x14(3x) W16x31 reduced to W12x14

GirdersGirders (2x) W24x62 reduced to W16x26(2x) W24x62 reduced to W16x26 (1x) W21x50 reduced to W16x31(1x) W21x50 reduced to W16x31

Reasons for such a reduction in the size of the members:Reasons for such a reduction in the size of the members: Calculations did not take into account seismic or lateral forcesCalculations did not take into account seismic or lateral forces Existing design had dunnage on top of the framing system Existing design had dunnage on top of the framing system

where the original equipment was placedwhere the original equipment was placed Savings in costs of steelSavings in costs of steel

Based on a cost of $490 per tonBased on a cost of $490 per ton $1,290$1,290












Smart WindowsSmart Windows

Window ComponentsWindow Components Electrochromic FilmsElectrochromic Films

Multiple layers of ceramic Multiple layers of ceramic thin filmsthin films

Apply low voltage to Apply low voltage to activate electrochromic activate electrochromic layers to darkenlayers to darken

Need dimmable ballasts Need dimmable ballasts to supply DC Voltageto supply DC Voltage

Cannot be turned opaqueCannot be turned opaque Blocks 95% of UV rays in Blocks 95% of UV rays in

its clearest stageits clearest stage Prevents fading of Prevents fading of

interior materialsinterior materials





AdvantagesAdvantages Voltage does not have to Voltage does not have to

be continuously suppliedbe continuously supplied Memory from 12-48 hrsMemory from 12-48 hrs

Can be integrated with Can be integrated with lighting controls to lighting controls to provide daylighting provide daylighting when possiblewhen possible

Saves electricity Saves electricity consumption through consumption through natural lightingnatural lighting





ProblemsProblems Darkening of the glass increases absorptivity, which can Darkening of the glass increases absorptivity, which can

leave the glass at temperatures up to 122 degrees Fleave the glass at temperatures up to 122 degrees F Both weather conditions and the size of the window affect Both weather conditions and the size of the window affect

the switching time of the glassthe switching time of the glass Switching may takes minutes, while weather conditions can Switching may takes minutes, while weather conditions can

change in secondschange in seconds Thermal shock could occur if switching occurs too fastThermal shock could occur if switching occurs too fast

Costs are very expensive, $1,000 per sq. ft.Costs are very expensive, $1,000 per sq. ft. Hard to compete with a typical quality window priced at $20 Hard to compete with a typical quality window priced at $20

per sq. ft.per sq. ft. Cannot control direct sun and daylighting simultaneously, Cannot control direct sun and daylighting simultaneously,

they are inversely relatedthey are inversely related Does not reduce glare on surfacesDoes not reduce glare on surfaces












ConclusionsConclusions

DOAS should be used in the building, as it can DOAS should be used in the building, as it can better control space climate requirements and better control space climate requirements and can reduce the operating and first cost of the can reduce the operating and first cost of the mechanical systemmechanical system

The existing steel frame for the equipment well is The existing steel frame for the equipment well is adequate for the new energy recovery unit and adequate for the new energy recovery unit and condensing unitcondensing unit

At this time, electrochromic windows are not At this time, electrochromic windows are not feasible for the Heritage center based on first feasible for the Heritage center based on first cost and the inherent problems encountered with cost and the inherent problems encountered with the windows at this stage in their developmentthe windows at this stage in their development












Questions?Questions?




AnswersAnswers




AnswersAnswers




DunnageDunnage




Vibration IsolationVibration Isolation

Housed Spring MountingHoused Spring Mounting Ratings to 30,000 lbs. Ratings to 30,000 lbs. Static Deflections to 4" Static Deflections to 4" External or Internal External or Internal

Adjustment Adjustment Lateral Movement Control Lateral Movement Control Upper & Lower Housing Upper & Lower Housing

with Neoprene Snubber with Neoprene Snubber Rugged Fail-Safe Design Rugged Fail-Safe Design Excellent for Most Excellent for Most

Applications Applications




SAGE Electrochromics SAGE Electrochromics

Documents

Lehigh Valley Heritage Center Jarod F. Stanton Mechanical Option Penn State Architectural Engineering