Leiden University. The university to discover. DMT 2009 Week 2 Adriaan van der Weel

Leiden University. The university to discover.

DMT 2009Week 2

Adriaan van der Weel


The digital lifecycle


DMT 2009 Project

Erven F. Bohn correspondence-Transcription-Proofing-‘Enrichment’: encoding in TEI XML-Storage-Retrieval-Publication


Recapitulation


The computer as a medium 1

- From the book to digital ways of ordering information

- Media as knowledge machines- Characteristics of media determine the

nature of the knowledge machine


The computer as a medium 2

- Publishing:

1.Text (like books, newspapers, etc.

2.Cultural heritage- Digital born vs digitised materials- Profit vs non-profit


More than a medium

- The computer is

1. A medium (replacement for the book)

2. A Universal Machine

- As a Universal Machine the computer is the vehicle for ‘humanities computing’

- No clear division


Digital ‘knowledge machine’

- More than a digital ‘book’:- Making text intelligent (main focus)- Using intelligent agents to mine text- People (Web 2.0)

- Markup- Documents- Rules- Styles


The markup application


HTML

- The WWW’s chief markup language- Markup application:

- Documents- Rules- Styles

- Homework- Seminar


Document analysis

- What relevant knowable things exist- How can we classify them- What is their relationship

- Different categories of text have different relevant classes of knowable things, e.g.:

- Correspondence

- Drama

- Poetry


From typography to markup

- Homo typographicus

- We are conditioned by books

- We live in the ‘Order of the Book’- Books order and structure:

- The ‘libroverse’ contains books

- Inside each book- Typography is an implicit structuring and

ordering device- Computers need explicit instructions:

- Markup: HTML, XML, TEI, etc.


XML basics

1. Application-Document instance -Validation (DTD, Schema) -Styles/transformations (Week 5-8)2. The markup language-Elements-Attributes-Entities-ASCII and Unicode (next week)


1. The markup application


2. The markup language

XML Declaration

Document Type Declaration

Meta information

Text


Elements

- Are like nouns- Recognizable structural components in the

text- Have a name: an opening and a closing tag- Have content- Examples:

- <p>This is the first lecture of Digital Media Technology.</p>

- <name>William Shakespeare</name>- NB: empty elements (<lb/>)


Attributes

- Are like adjectives- Indicate properties of an element- Have a name and a value

- Examples:

- <p n="1">This is the first lecture of Digital Media Technology.</p>

- <name type="person">William Shakespeare</name>


Entities

- Entities indicate the occurrence of special text string that will be replaced by a different literal value.

- They are used for:

- Special characters (i.e. characters that are not part of the ASCII character table)• Example: © will be rendered as ©

- Strings • Example: &BDMS; could be rendered as Book and Digital Media Studies


Document Type Definition

- The ‘rules’- Also: schema


Validation

- Checking the document instance against the rules laid down in the Document Type Definition (DTD) or schema


The markup application