leqnzh tSo fofo/krk dk thou j{kk esa egÙo

21oS| eksgu yky tk;loky ] oS| e`nqy jatu1lgk;d vkpk;Z] nzo;xq.k foKku foHkkx] jk"Vªh; vk;qosZn laLFkku] t;iqj

2LukrdksÙkj v/;srk] iapdeZ foHkkx] jk"Vªh; vk;qosZn laLFkku] t;iqj

bZesy % priyamldg@gmail.com

ifjp;i`Foh dk 70 çfr'kr leqnz tSfod ,oa jklk;fud

fofo/krk dk cgqr gh fo'kky lzksr gSA vkt lkeqfnzd nzO;ksa dk ç;ksx vkS"k/k] vkgkjnzO; lkSUn;Z] d`f"kjlk;u ds {ks= esa çpqjrk iwoZd gks jgk gSA vk;qosZn Hkh blls vNwrk ugha gSA _f"k;ksa us vk;qosZn ds ç;kstu vFkkZr~ LoLFk O;fDr ds LokLF; dh j{kk ,oa jksxh dks jksx ls eqä djkus ds fy;s LFkkoj] tk³~xe] vkSfön 3 çdkj ds nzO;ksa dks crk;k gSA

'kjhj ds nks"k/kkrqey vius lekuxq.k okys nzO;ksa ls o`f) rFkk foijhrxq.k okys nzO;ksa ls âkl dks çkIr gksrs gS] ;g vk;qosZn dk ekSfyd fl)kUr gSA bl lEcU/k esa ;g Hkh dgk gS fd 'kjhj ds tks nks"k] /kkrq ;k ey {kh.k gq, gksa mudh fpfdRlk esa mlh nks"k] /kkrq ;k ey dk ç;ksx gksuk pkfg,A ;fn fdlh dkj.k ,slk laHko ugha gks rc lekUk xq.k okys LFkkoj] tk³~xe vkfn nzO;ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

buesa tk³~xe nzO; oxZ ds vUrxZr lkeqfnzd nzO;ksa ;Fkk&eqäk] çoky] 'ka[k vkfn dk çpqj ç;ksx fd;k gSA lk/kkj.kr% vk/kqfud ifjçs{; esa bu nzO;ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA lk/kkj.kr% vk/kqfud ifjizs{; esa bu nzO;ksa dk ç;ksx cgqewY; vfFkZd nzO;ksa ,oa dSfY'k;e çfrfuf/k ds #i esa fd;k tkrk gS ijUrq gekjk 'kkL= LokLF; dh n`f"V ls bUgsa cgqewY; ekurk gSA

lk/kkj.kr;k bu nzO;ksa esa mifLFkr v'kqf);ksa dks 'kks/ku ,oa ekj.k çfØ;k ds }kjk nwj dj fi"Vh vkSj HkLe fufeZr fd;k tkrk gSA bUgha fi"Vh vkSj HkLe dk fpfdRlk esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

vk/kqfud ifjizs{; ls ge lkeqfnzd tkMxae nzO;ksa dks eq[;r% nks #i esa ç;ksx djrs gSaA eqDrk o çoky dk jRu :i esa vFkkZr~ vkfFkZd n`f"V dks.k ls rFkk 'ka[k] dinZ] eqDrk'kqfDr vkfn dk dSfY';e çfrfuf/k ds #i esa mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ijUrq vk;qosZn esa lkeqfnzd tkMxae nzO;ksa dk jRu rFkk dSfY'k;e çfrfuf/k ds :i ds lkFk&lkFk muds jl] xq.k] ohZ;] foikd ds vk/kkj ij fofHkUu çdkj ds O;kf/k;ksa esa ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

;fn ge bu nzO;ksa ds xq.kksa ij laf{kIr n`f"V Mkys rks gesa Kku gksxk fd bu nzO;ksa dk fpfdRlk esa fdruk egÙo gSA tks laf{kIr esa bl izdkj gS&

1& eqäkjRu oxZ

2& çoky

3& 'ka[k

4& eqäk'kqfä

5& leqnzQsu lq/kk oxZ

6& dwekZfLFk

174

7& vfXutkj

8& dinZ lk/kkj.k jl

9& u[k

vkpk;Z lqJqr us tk³~xae txr dks 4 oxksZa esa foHkkftr fd;k gS%& 1&tjk;qt 2& v.Mt 3&Losnt 4&mn~fHkTtA buesa ls eqDrk] izoky] 'ka[k] eqDrk'kqfDr] leqnzQsu] dinZ] u[k Losnt oxZ ds vUrxZr rFkk dwekZfLFk ,oa vfXutkj v.Mt oxZ ds vUrxZr vkrs gSaA

English Name-Pearl

Zoological Name- Pinctada margaritifera

1- eqäk

xq.k

vkS"k/kh; mi;ksx

eqDrk ds çeq[k vkS"k/kh; ;ksx

çoky

jl&e/kqj xq.k&y?kq] #{k

oh;Z&'khr foikd&e/kqj

1- ;g jl ls okr dks] oh;Z ,oa foikd ls fiÙk dks ,oa xq.k ls dQ dks u"V djrh gS vFkkZr ;g f=nks"k?u gSA

2- ;g â| rFkk jDrLrEHkd gksus ls ân; dks 'kfDr çnku djrh gS rFkk jDrpki dks de djrh gSA

3- nhiuh; gksus ls vfXueka| dks de djrh gSA

4- ;g 'kqØo)Zd gS rFkk fL=;ksa ds 'osr ,oa jDr iznj esa mi;ksxh gSA

5- ;g Toj ,oa nkg dks de djrh gSA

6- ;g vfLFknqcZyrk esa vR;Ur mi;ksxh gS rFkk nUr ds ljykrkiwoZd fudyus esa lgk;d gksrs gSaA

7- ;g o;%LFkkid gS] lkFk gh es/kk] ?k`fr] Le`fr rhuksa dks c<+krh gSA

8- eksrh dh pUnz xzg ls eS=h gS vr% pUnz xzg ds dqn`f"V ds gksus ij xyx.M] x.Mekyk] ân;jksx] 'okl& d`PNrk vkfn jksx mRiUu gks tkrs gSa blds fuokj.k ds fy, lSno eksrh /kkj.k ;k lsou djuk pkfg,A

9- ekSfDrdkukekysi% fo"ktU;'kksFknkgrksTojkig% ¼p-fp- 23@191½& eksrh dk ysi fo"ktU; 'kksFk] nkg] rksn] Toj uk'kd gksrk gSA

eqDrkiapke`r eqDrkfn pw.kZ] olUrdqlqekdj jl] çokyiapke`r] dLrqjhHkSjo jl bR;kfnA

English Name- Red Coral

Zoological Name- Coralium rubrum

çoky dk fuekZ.k ,d fo'ks"k çdkj ds leqnzh ,aFkkstksvu iksfyIyl uked tUrq }kjk gksrk gSA çoky ds nks Hkkx gksrs gSa] uhps dk Bksl LFkwy Hkkx çokyewy rFkk Åij dh iryh 'kk[kk,a çoky'kk[kk dgykrh gSA vkS"k/kh; n`f"V ls çokyewy Js"B gksrk gSA

eqäk

tc eqäk'kqfä esa tc dksbZ fotkrh; d.k çfo"V gks tkrk gS rks 'kqfä ds vUnj jgus okyk tho vius lzko ls vusd Lrjksa ls ;qDr eqäk dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA

ns[krs gh eu dks vkºykfnr djus okyh 'osr] y?kq] fLuX/k] dkfUreku] fueZy] o`gr~ vkdkj okyh] rks;çHk ¼ikuhnkj½ ,oa xksy eqäk Js"B gksrh gSA

eqDrk esa 80&82% dSfY'k;e dkcksZusV] 10&14 dk¡fp;ksfyu vkSj 2&4% ty gksrk gSA

Js"B eqäk ds xq.k

jklk;fud laxBu

%

175

3

Js"B çoky ds xq.k

jklk;fud laxBu

xq.k

vkS"k/kh; mi;ksx

iDofoEchQyPNk;a o`Ùkk;reoØde~AfLuX/keoz.kda LFkwya çokya lIr/kk 'kqHke~AA j0pw0

vFkkZr~ iDofoEchQy ds ln`'k jäo.kZ] xksykdkj] ljy] fLuX/k] v{kr rFkk LFkwy çoky mÙke gksrk gSA

dSfY'k;e dkcksZusV 87% eSfXuf'k;e dkcksZusV 3 ] ykSg 4-5%] lsfUnz; nzO; 8%

e/kqjks·Ey'khr% ljks oh;Zdj% dkfUrdjfL=nks"k/uks fo"kn`f"Vnks"kuk'kd%A

jl& e/kqj] vEy xq.k&y?kq] #{k oh;Z&'khr foikd&e/kqj

1- ;g f=nks"kuk'kd fo'ks"kr% dQfiÙkuk'kd gSA

2- çoky /kh] /k`fr] Le`fr o)Zd gS rFkk mUekn] viLekj dh fpfdRlk esa mi;ksxh gSA

3- ;g vEyfiÙk rFkk jäk'kZ esa ykHknk;d gSA

4- ân; dks 'kfDr çnku djrk gSA

5- xO;ew=s.k lg vklsforks·;a ik.Mqjksx?u% ¼lq-m- 44@21½&ik.Mqjksx esa xksew= ds lkFk lsou vR;Ur ykHknk;d gSA

6- ;g 'kqØo)Zd ,oa uiqa'kdrk uk'kd gSA

7- lqtkd ,oa mina'k jksx esa mRiUu nkg dk 'keu djrh gSA

8- dQew=d`PN?u% p0fp0¼26@56½& ;g dQt ew=d`PN uk'kd gSA

9- us= dh nkg ihM+k 'kksFk uk'kd gSA

%

10- 'okl] dkl] mj% {kr fo'ks"kr% ckydksa ds dqDdjdkl esa mi;ksxh gSA

11- nk¡r ,oa vfLFk dks etcwrh iznku djrh gSA

12- foliZ çnsgkFkZeqi;qT;rs ¼p0fp0 21@82½& foliZ jksx esa bldk yxkrs gSaA

13- çoky /kkj.k djus ls Hkwr] fi'kkp dk Mj ugha jgrk gSA

14- çoky dh eS=h eaxy xzg ls gSA vr% eaxy xzg dh dqn`f"V ds dkj.k mRiUu jksx ;Fkk&jDrfiÙk] jDrnks"k] HkxUnj vkfn esa çoky /kkj.k ,oa lsou vR;Ur ykHknk;d gSA

çokyiapke`r] gseukFk jl] dkenq/kkjl] czãjlk;u] bUnzksäjlk;uA

English Name-Conch Shell

Zoological Name- Terbinella rapa or Xanchus pyrum

'ka[k leqnz esa mRiUu gksus okys eksyLd oxhZ; çk.kh dk oká dop gSA

çoky ds çeq[k vkS"k/kh; ;ksx

3- 'ka[k

izoky

'ka[k 'ka[kukHkh

;g dSfY'k;e dkcksZusV ls cuk gksrk gSA

Loknq% dVqfoikdh m".k% p{kq";% iqf"Voh;Zcyçn% fiÙk?u%ifj.kke'kwyjäfiÙkxqYe'kwy'oklfo"kuk'kd%A

¼/k0fu0 3@179½

jl&d"kk;] dVq] {kkjh; xq.k&y?kq] 'khroh;Z&'khr foikd&dVq

jklk;fud laxBu

xq.k

176

2- ;g {k;] 'okl] dkl] us=nkg] ân;jksx esa ykHknk;d gSA

3- ;g fiRrt nkg] fiRRkt v#fp] fiRrkfrlkj] fiRrt ifj.kke'kwy] vEyfIkRr esa fo'ks"k ykHknk;d gSA

4- vkek'k;] ;d`r] Iyhgk] xzg.kh vkfn vaxksa ij fo'ks"kr% dk;Zdkjh gSA

5- lHkh çdkj ds mnj jksx uk'kd gSA

çokyiapke`r] cMokuy jl] fo"keTojkUrd ykSg] ywrkfo"kuk'kd vxn] xzg.kh'kknqZy jlA

English name- Cuttle Fish Bone

Zoological name- Sepia officinalis

eqDrk'kqfDr ds çeq[k vkS"k/kh; ;ksx

5- leqnzQsu

jklk;fud laxBu

xq.k

vkS"k/kh; mi;ksx

blesa eq[;r% dSfY'k;e dkcksZusV gksrk gSA

jl&dVq xq.k&fLUkX/koh;Z&'khr foikd&e/kqj

1- blds xq.k/keZ eqDrk ds leku ijUrq mlls U;wu gksrs gSaA

leqnzQsu leqnz esa ik;s tkus okys eRL; tkrh; çk.kh dk i`"B Hkkx gS tks çk.kh dh e`R;q ds ckn vFkok ,sls gh 'kjhj ls NqV dj leqnz dh ygjksa ij rSjrs gq, rVh; Hkkx rd vk tkrs gSaaA

dSfY'k;e dkcksZusV 80&85%] QkLQsV] lYQsV] flfydkA

jl&d"kk; xq.k&y?kq] #{kfoikd&dVq oh;Z&'khr

1- ;g dQfiÙkt jksxksa esa ç;qDr gksrk gSA

2- frfej] us=d.Mw vkfn us=jksxksa esa blds pw.kkZZtu dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA

jklk;fud laxBu

xq.k

vkS"k/kh; mi;ksx

vkS"k/kh; mi;ksx

'ka[k ds çeq[k vkS"k/kh; ;ksx

4- eqäk'kqfä

1- deZ dh n`f"V ls ;g xzkgh] cY; ys[kuh; ,oa vfXunhid gSA

2- 'ka[k HkLe xzkgh gS vr,o vfrlkj esa fo'ks"kr% iDokfrlkj] xzg.kh jksx esa ey dh vfrço`fÙk dks jksdrk gS rFkk {kkjh; gksus ls vkeikpu dj rn~xr 'kwy dk 'keu djrk gSA

3- ;d`r ,oa Iyhgko`f) dks u"V djrk gSA

4- us=iq"igj vkSj ;qokufifMdk uk'kd gSA

5- ik.Mqjksxuk'kd%¼lq-m-44@21½&;g ik.Mqjksx dks u"V djrk gSA

vfXudqekj jl] dQdsrq jl] xzg.khdikV jl] vfXulanhiu jlA

English name-Pearl Oyster/Pearl Mother

Zoological name- Pinctada margaritifera

;g eksyLd tkrh; çk.kh dk vkoj.k gS ftlds vUnj eqDrk dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA

177

eqäk'kqfä

leqnzQsu

3&- d.kZlzko esa blds pw.kZ dks d.kZ esa Mkyrs gSaA

4- ys[kuh;] nhiuh; rFkk ikpuh; gSA

5- ;g jäfiÙk esa ç;qä gksrk gSA

lq[kkorhZ] Toj/kwedsrq jlA

English name-Cowries

Zoological name- Cypraea moneta

dinZ eksyLd tkfr dk leqnzh çk.kh dk dop gSA

leqnzQsu ds çeq[k vkS"k/kh; ;ksx

6- dinZ

Js"B dinZ ds y{k.k

jklk;fud laxBu

xq.k

vkS"k/kh; mi;ksx

yEcs o`Ur okyh] ihr] i`"B ij NksVh NksVh xkaBksa ls ;qDr] 12 ls 15 xzke okyh dinZ Js"B gksrh gSA

blesa dSfY';e] QkLQsV] dkcksZusV] yksjkbM] eSxuht ,oa lksfM;e ¶yksjkbM gksrk gSA

jl&dVq xq.k&#{k] rh{.koh;Z&m".k foikd&dVq

1- LQksV] d.Bekyk] viph esa HkLe dk okã ç;ksx 'kksFkgj gSA

2- 'kq"d dkl esa nsus ls vR;Ur ykHk feyrk gSA

3- d.kZlzko esa ykHkçn gSA

4- rk#.;fifMdkvksa rFkk mlls mRiUu dkys nkx esa ykHkçn gSA

5- rh{.k gksus ls bldk mi;ksx ty ds lkFk u djds fLuX/k nzO;ksa ds lkFk djuk pkfg,A

dinZ ds çeq[k vkS"k/kh; ;ksx

7- vfXutkj

xq.k

vfXudqekj jl] xzg.khdikV jl] çnjkUrd ykSg] yoaxkfn oVh] jkte`xk³~d jlA

English name- Abbergris

Zooloical name- Ambra grisea

LiZe Ogsy tkfr dh o`gn~ eRL; ds vk¡= esa lzfor gksus okyk ekse ln`'k inkFkZ gSA ;g vR;Ur lqxfU/kr nzO; gSA dqN yksxksa ds er ls ;g LieZ Ogsy dk 'kq"d ey gSA

jl&dVq xq.k&y?kqoh;Z&m".k foikd&dVq

dinZ

vkS"k/kh; mi;ksx

vfXutkj ds çeq[k vkS"k/kh; ;ksx

8- u[k

1- ;g okrdQ 'kked rFkk fiRro)Zd gSA

2- m".k oh;Z gksus ls bldk ysi 'kksFk ij mi;ksxh gSA

3- ukM+hCkY; gksus ls i{kk?kkr] mUekn] viLekj ,oa /kuqokZr esa mi;ksxh gSA

4- nhiUkh;] mnj'kwy rFkk esnksjksx uk'kd gSA

o`gr~okrfpUrkef.k jl] tokgjeksgjk oVh] /kk=h jlk;uA

Zoological name- Achatina fulica Fer.

u[k Achatina fulica uked tho dk oká dop gS tks xgjs Hkwjs jax dk rFkk vusd irksZa dk cuk gksrk gSA ;g nqxZfU/kr gksrk gS fdUrq rSy ds lkFk idkus ij lqxfU/kr gks tkrk gSA

vfXutkj

178

xq.k

vkS"k/kh; mi;ksx

u[k ds çeq[k vkS"k/kh; ;ksx

jl&dVq] d"kk; xq.k&y?kq] #{kfoikd&dVq oh;Z&m".k

1- ;g dQokrt fodkjksa esa ç;qDr gksrk gSA

2- o.kZfodkj] oz.k] dq"B] d.Mw] 'kksFk] okrjDr vkSj /kwiu djrs gSaaA

3- viLekj] vira=d] ewPNkZ esa ç;qDr djrs gSaA

4- Tokj] v'kZ] ;d`n~fodkj esa mi;ksxh gSA

'kSys;dkfn rSy] egklqxU/kgLrh vxnA

lkeqfnzd nzO; dSfY';e dkcksZusV ç/kku gksrs gq, Hkh buesa lw{erRoka'k dh fHkUurk ds dkj.k xq.kdeksZa esa fofo/krk gksus ls ;s vusd jksxksa esa ç;qDr gksrs gSaA

ftl çdkj vk;qosZnh; egf"kZ;ksa us çkf.k;kas ds LokLF; laj{k.k] lao)Zu ,oa fofo/k O;kf/k;ksa ds ç'keukFkZ cgqyrkiwoZd vkS"k/kh; ouLifr;ksa (Medicinal Plants) dk ç;ksx fd;k gS] mlhçdkj psroku~ ekuo ds psruç/kku lkeqfnzd tSoh; nzO;ksa ds fofHkUu vax& çr;axksa dks fof'k"V laLdkj i)fr ls (by specific processing

method) vkS"k/k Lo:i esa O;oâr fd;k gSA tks vk;qosZnh; egf"kZ;ksa ds ̂;r~ fi.Ms rn~ czgek.Ms^ rFkk ̂;=kd`frLrn~& xq.kko'kfUr^ çlax ds fl)kUr ,oa foLr`r euu] i;kZoykspu vkSj KkukuqHkko dk fØ;kRed fnXn'kZu gS rFkk ̂ ukukS"kf/k Hkwra txr~ fdfpar~ nzO;eqiyH;rs* lw= dk lqifj.keu gSA

1- Jh pØik.kh nÙk] vk;qosZn nhfidk Vhdk pjd lafgrk] eqU'khjke euksgjyky ifCy'klZ çk0fy0] 1981A

2- Jh MYg.kkpk;Z] fucU/k laxzg Vhdk lqJqr lafgrk pkS[kEHkk laLd`r lhfjt] okjk.klh] 2008A

3- pqusdj] Hkkoçdk'k] pkS[kEHkk laLd`r laLFkku] okjk.klh] 2002A

4- lnkuUn 'kekZ] jl rjafx.kh] eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] 1979A

5- MkW0 xq#çlkn 'kekZ] /kUrfjfu?kUVq] pkS[kEHkk vksfj;UVkfy;k] fnYyh] 1992A

6- vkpk;Z fç;ozr 'kekZ] nzO;xq.k&foKku] pkS[kEHkk Hkkjrh vdkneh] 1979A

7- oS|jkt gdhe nythr flag] ;wukuh nzO;xq.kkn'kZ] vk;qosZfnd ,oa frCch vdkneh] mÙkj çns'k] y[kuÅ 1977A

lUnHkZ lwph

179

u[k