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8/14/2019 Less04 Instance TB3
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4Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Managing the Oracle Instance
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4-2 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to do
the following:
Start and stop the Oracle database and
components Use Enterprise Manager (EM)
Access a database with SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus
Modify database initialization parameters
Describe the stages of database startup Describe the database shutdown options
View the alert log
Access dynamic performance views
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4-3 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Management Framework
The three components of the Oracle
Database 10gmanagement framework are: Database instance Listener Management interface
Database Control Management agent (when using Grid Control)
ListenerDatabase
Control
Managementagent
Management interface
-or-
> Components
SQL*Plus
Init Params
DB Startup
DB Shutdown
Alert Log
Perf Views
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4-4 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting and Stopping Database Control
$ emctl start dbconsoleTZ set to US/PacificOracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.http://edrsr9p1.us.oracle.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplicationStarting Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control............. started.
------------------------------------------------------------------Logs are generated in directory/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/edrsr9p1.us.oracle.com_orcl/sysman/log
$ emctl stop dbconsole
TZ set to US/PacificOracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.http://edrsr9p1.us.oracle.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplicationStopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control ...... Stopped.
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4-5 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Oracle Enterprise Manager
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4-6 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Accessing Oracle Enterprise Manager
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Database Home Page
Property pages
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Using SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus
to Access Your Database
SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus provide additional
interfaces to your database to:
Perform database management operations
Execute SQL commands to query, insert, update,and delete data in your database
Components
> SQL*Plus
Init Params
DB Startup
DB ShutdownAlert Log
Perf Views
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9/364-9 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Using iSQL*Plus
1
2
3
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Setting Up iSQL*Plus
forSYSDBAand SYSOPERAccess
For a user to login to iSQL*Plus as SYSDBAorSYSOPERyou must set up the user in the OC4Juser manager byperforming the following steps:
1. Create a user2. Grant the webDba role to the user
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/isqlplus/\> application-deployments/isqlplus$JAVA_HOME/bin/java \> -Djava.security.properties=\> $ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/home/config/jazn.security.props \> -jar $ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/home/jazn.jar \> -user "iSQL*Plus DBA/admin" -password welcome -shellJAZN> adduser "iSQL*Plus DBA" username passwordJAZN> grantrole webDba "iSQL*Plus DBA" username
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Using iSQL*Plus
Full Notes Page
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Using SQL*Plus
SQL*Plus is:
A command-line tool
Used interactively or in batch mode$ sqlplus hr/hr
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 25 12:37:21 2005Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> select last_name from employees;LAST_NAME-------------------------AbelAndeAtkinson
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Calling SQL*Plus from a Shell Script
$ ./batch_sqlplus.shSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 25 12:47:44 2005Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsSQL>COUNT(*)
----------107
SQL>107 rows updated.
SQL>Commit complete.SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options[oracle@EDRSR9P1 oracle]$
# Name of this file: batch_sqlplus.sh# Count employees and give raise.sqlplus hr/hr
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Calling a SQL Script from SQL*Plus
$ sqlplus hr/hr @script.sql
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 25 12:57:02 2005Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsDEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID------------- ------------------------------ ---------- -----------
60 IT 103 1400Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options$
select * from departments where location_id = 1400;quit
script.sql
Output
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spfileorcl.ora
Initialization Parameter Files ComponentsSQL*Plus
> Init Params
DB Startup
DB ShutdownAlert Log
Perf Views
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Simplified Initialization Parameters
DB_CACHE_SIZEDB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK
_READ_COUNTSHARED_POOL_SIZE
Advanced
CONTROL_FILESDB_BLOCK_SIZEPROCESSESUNDO_MANAGEMENT
Basic
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Initialization Parameter Examples
Full Notes Page
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Viewing and Modifying
Initialization Parameters
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Database Startup and
Shutdown
or
Components
SQL*Plus
Init Params
> DB Startup
DB ShutdownAlert Log
Perf Views
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Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance
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Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance:
NOMOUNT
OPEN
MOUNT
NOMOUNT
SHUTDOWN
Instance
started
STARTUP
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Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance:
MOUNT
OPEN
MOUNT
NOMOUNT
SHUTDOWN
Control file
opened for this
instance
Instance
started
STARTUP
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Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance:
OPEN
OPEN
MOUNT
NOMOUNT
SHUTDOWN
All files opened as
described by the control
file for this instance
Control file
opened for this
instance
Instance
started
STARTUP
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Shutting Down an Oracle
Database Instance
Components
SQL*Plus
Init Params
DB Startup
> DB ShutdownAlert Log
Perf Views
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4-25 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Shutdown Modes
A
No
No
No
No
T
No
No
Yes
Yes
I
No
No
No
Yes
Shutdown Mode
Allows new connections
Waits until current sessions end
Waits until current transactions end
Forces a checkpoint and closes files
N
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Shutdown mode:
A = ABORT
I = IMMEDIATE
T = TRANSACTIONAL
N = NORMAL
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4-26 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SHUTDOWN Options
During
SHUTDOWNNORMAL
or
SHUTDOWNTRANSACTIONAL
or
SHUTDOWNIMMEDIATE
Consistent database
(clean database)
On the way down: Uncommitted
changes rolled
back, for
IMMEDIATE
Database buffer
cache written to
data files
Resources
released
On the way up: No instance
recovery
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4-27 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Full Notes Page
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4-28 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SHUTDOWN Options
During
SHUTDOWN ABORTor
Instance failure
or
STARTUP FORCE
Inconsistent database
(dirty database)
On the way down: Modified buffers
not written to
data files
Uncommitted
changes not
rolled back
On the way up: Online redo
log files used
to reapply
changes
Undo
segments
used to roll
back
uncommittedchanges
Resources
released
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4-29 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Using SQL*Plus to Start Up
and Shut Down
[oracle@EDRSR9P1 oracle]$ sqlplus dba1/oracle as sysdbaSQL> shutdown immediateDatabase closed.Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 285212672 bytesFixed Size 1218472 bytes Variable Size 250177624 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytesRedo Buffers 262144 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL>
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4-30 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Viewing the Alert Log
Database Home page > Related Links region >
Alert Log Content
Components
SQL*Plus
Init Params
DB Startup
DB Shutdown> Alert Log
Perf Views
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Viewing the Alert History
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4-32 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Performance Views
Dynamic performance viewsprovide access to
information about changing
states and conditions in the
database.
Session data
Wait events
Memory allocations
Running SQL
UNDO usage
Open cursors
Redo log usage
And so on
Oracle instance
Components
SQL*Plus
Init Params
DB Startup
DB ShutdownAlert Log
> Perf Views
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4-33 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Performance Views:
Usage Examples
SQL> SELECT sql_text, executions FROM v$sqlWHERE cpu_time > 200000;
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$session WHERE machine ='EDRSR9P1' and logon_time > SYSDATE - 1;
SQL> SELECT sid, ctime FROM v$lock WHEREblock > 0;
a
b
c
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4-34 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Performance Views:
Considerations
These views are owned by the SYS user.
Different views are available at different times:
The instance has been started.
The database is mounted. The database is open.
You can queryV$FIXED_TABLE to see all the viewnames.
These views are often referred to as v-dollar
views.
Read consistency is not guaranteed on these
views because the data is dynamic.
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4-35 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to:
Start and stop the Oracle database and
components
Use Enterprise Manager and describe its high-level functionality
Access a database with SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus
Modify database initialization parameters
Describe the stages of database startup
Describe the database shutdown options
View the alert log
Access dynamic performance views
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Practice Overview:
Managing the Oracle Instance
This practice covers the following topics:
Navigating in Enterprise Manager
Viewing and modifying initialization parameters
Stopping and starting the database instance Viewing the alert log
Connecting to the database by using SQL*Plus
and iSQL*Plus