CONTENTSassets.pearsonglobalschools.com/asset_mgr/pending/IS_g8_ohio_toc.pdf · CONTENTS lesson 1 How Scientists Work ... lesson 3 Using Graphs in Science ... CHAPTER2 Enter the Lab

Labzone

CONTENTS

lesson 1How Scientists Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 7

mathdo the Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

lesson 2The Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge . . . . . 9

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Inquiry Skill: Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

lesson 3Designing an Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Inquiry Skill: Develop Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

mathdo the Graphing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

lesson 4Scientific Literacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Inquiry Skill: Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 34 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38• A Recipe for Success • Beware of Greenwashing

Labzone

Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Become a Learning Detective • Open Inquiry: Become a Learning Detective

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Does a Scientist Think? • Developing a Theory • What’s the Question? • Posing Questions

Quick Labs: • Scientific Skills • Activities of Science • Scientific Thinking • Science and Its Methods • It Starts With a Question • How Can You Explain It? • Scientific Literacy Survey • Analyzing Claims • Sources of Information

Using Scientific Inquiry The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 How do science and society affect each other?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings . . . . . . .2Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Scenario Investigation: Casting a Vote that Makes Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

CHAPTER

1

Go online for engaging videos, interactivities, and virtual labs.

Labzone

lesson 1Scientific Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45mathdo the Calculating Using SI Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Inquiry Skill: Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 49

lesson 2Mathematics and Scientific Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Inquiry Skill: Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

lesson 3Using Graphs in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Inquiry Skill: Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63, 64, 65

lesson 4Models and Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Inquiry Skill: Make Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

lesson 5Safety in the Science Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . 80 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84• The Race to be Faster • Aquanauts

Labzone

Mathematics and Models in Science The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 How do scientists use measurement and

mathematics?

Vocabulary Skill: High-Use Academic Words . . . . . 42Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

STEM Activity: Flipping the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

CHAPTER

2


Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Selecting Models • Open Inquiry: Selecting Models

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What Is Scientific Measurement? • How Do Math and Science Work Together? • What’s in a Graph? • Models in Science • Can You Name the Safety Equipment?

Quick Labs: • Measuring With SI • A Unit of SI • Is It Accurate? • Math Tools in Science • Recognizing Trends • Working With Models • Characteristics of Systems • Be Prepared to Be Safe in the Field • How Would You Respond to These Emergencies?


Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents

CONTENTS

Labzone

lesson 1The Earth System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

lesson 2Earth’s Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96mathdo the Read a Line Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Inquiry Skill: Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

lesson 3Water Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Inquiry Skill: Develop Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

lesson 4Glacial Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

lesson 5 Wave Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Inquiry Skill: Communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . .128 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132• A Slice of Earth • Save the Seeds, Save the World

Labzone


Chapter Lab Investigation:

• Directed Inquiry: Modeling Mantle Convection Currents • Open Inquiry: Modeling Mantle Convection Currents

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What Is a System? • Earth’s Interior • Tracing Heat Flow

Quick Labs: • Parts of Earth’s System • What Forces Shape Earth? • How Do Scientists Find Out What’s Inside Earth? • Build a Model of Earth • How Can Heat Cause Motion in a Liquid?

Introducing Earth The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 What is the structure of Earth?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Related Word Forms . . . 88Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Scenario Investigation: No Shoes in this Box . . . . . . . . 90

CHAPTER

3


lesson 1Earthquakes and Seismic Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143, 147

mathdo the Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

lesson 2Forces in Earth’s Crust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Inquiry Skill: Make Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

lesson 3Monitoring Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165


Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170• Seismic-Safe Buildings • What Do the Toads Know? • Forensic Seismology

Labzone



• Directed Inquiry: Finding the Epicenter • Open Inquiry: Finding the Epicenter

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Does Stress Affect Earth’s Crust? • How Do Seismic Waves Travel Through Earth? • How Can Seismic Waves Be Detected?

Quick Labs: • Effects of Stress • Modeling Faults • Modeling Stress • Properties of Seismic Waves • Measuring Earthquakes • Design a Seismograph • Earthquake Patterns

Earthquakes The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Why do earthquakes occur more often in some

places than in others?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings . . . . 136Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

STEM Activity: Shake, Rattle, and Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

CHAPTER

4


Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents

CONTENTS Earth’s Structure

lesson 1Convection and the Mantle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Inquiry Skill: Communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

lesson 2Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Inquiry Skill: Develop Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

lesson 3Drifting Continents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

lesson 4Sea-Floor Spreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Inquiry Skill: Develop Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

lesson 5The Theory of Plate Tectonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188mathdo the Calculate the Rate of Plate Movement . . . . . . . 190

Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192


Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198• Alvin 2.0: An Extreme Makeover • An Ocean Is Born

Labzone



• Directed Inquiry: Modeling Sea-Floor Spreading • Open Inquiry: Modeling Sea-Floor Spreading

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Are Earth’s Continents Linked Together? • What Is the Effect of a Change in Density? • Plate Interactions

Quick Labs: • Moving the Continents • Mid-Ocean Ridges • Reversing Poles • Mantle Convection Currents

Plate Tectonics The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 How do moving plates change Earth’s crust?

Vocabulary Skill: Use Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175Scenario Investigation: Flight 7084 to Barcelona . . . 176

CHAPTER

5


CHAPTER

6

lesson 1Fossils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Inquiry Skill: Pose Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

lesson 2The Relative Age of Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

lesson 3Radioactive Dating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

mathdo the Radioactive Dating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

lesson 4 The Geologic Time Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Inquiry Skill: Make Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

lesson 5 Early Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Inquiry Skill: Communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226


Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244• Putting the Puzzle Together • Teen Finds Fossils • Frozen Evidence

Labzone


Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Exploring Geologic Time Through Core Samples • Open Inquiry: Exploring Geologic Time Through Core Samples

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What’s in a Rock? • Which Layer Is the Oldest? • How Long Till It’s Gone? • This Is Your Life! • How Could Planet Earth Form in Space? • Dividing History

Quick Labs: • Sweet Fossils • Modeling Trace Fossils • Modeling the Fossil Record • How Did It Form? • The Dating Game • How Old Is It? • Going Back in Time • Learning From Fossils • Graphing the Fossil Record • Modeling an Asteroid Impact • Cenozoic Timeline

A Trip Through Geologic Time The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 How do scientists study Earth’s past?

Vocabulary Skill: Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Scenario Investigation: Goodbye, Columbus . . . . . . . . 204


Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents

CONTENTS

lesson 1Plant Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

lesson 2Plant Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Inquiry Skill: Infer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

lesson 3Animal Reproduction and Fertilization . . . . . . . . .268

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268mathdo the Interpret a Bar Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Inquiry Skill: Calculate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275


Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282• Grains of Evidence • Planting Roots in Outer Space

Labzone


Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Investigating Stomata • Open Inquiry: Investigating Stomata

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Which Plant Part Is It? • Make the Pollen Stick • Making More • “Eggs-amination”

Quick Labs: • The In-Seed Story • Modeling Flowers • Plant Life Cycles • Where Are the Seeds? • Types of Reproduction • Types of Fertilization • “Eggs-tra” Protection • Cycles of Life • To Care or Not to Care

Plant and Animal Life Cycles The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 How do plants and animals reproduce and grow?

Vocabulary Skill: Greek Word Origins . . . . . . . . . . . 248Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Scenario Investigation: Plants in Space . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

CHAPTER

7


lesson 1What Is Heredity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

lesson 2Probability and Heredity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304mathdo the Calculate Percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

lesson 3Patterns of Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Inquiry Skill: Interpret Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

lesson 4Chromosomes and Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Inquiry Skill: Design Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317


Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326• Nature vs. Nurture • Seeing Spots

Labzone


Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Make the Right Call! • Open Inquiry: Make the Right Call!

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What Does the Father Look Like? • What’s the Chance? • Observing Traits • Which Chromosome Is Which? • Oops!

Quick Labs: • Observing Pistils and Stamens • Inferring the Parent Generation • Coin Crosses • Patterns of Inheritance • Is It All in the Genes? • Chromosomes and Inheritance • Modeling Meiosis • Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis • Effects of Mutations • What Happens When There Are Too Many Cells?

Genetics: The Science of Heredity The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Why don’t offspring always look like their

parents?

Vocabulary Skill: Suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287Scenario Investigation: We All Have It, So It MustBe Dominant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

CHAPTER

8


Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents

CONTENTS

lesson 1Darwin’s Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Inquiry Skill: Develop Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

mathdo the Calculate the Mean and Interpret Data . . . . . 337 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

lesson 2Evidence of Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Inquiry Skill: Communicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

lesson 3Rate of Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 Inquiry Skill: Make Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . 350 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354• The Incredible Shrinking Fish • Walking Whales?

Labzone


Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Nature at Work • Open Inquiry: Nature at Work

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Do Living Things Vary? • How Can You Classify a Species? • Making a Timeline • How Much Variety Is There?

Quick Labs: • Bird Beak Adaptations • Finding Proof • Large-Scale Isolation • Slow or Fast? • Modeling Keystone Species • Grocery Gene Pool • Humans and Biodiversity

Change Over Time The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 How do life forms change over time?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings . . . . 328Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329Scenario Investigation: Worms Under Attack . . . . . . . . 330

CHAPTER

9



Labzone

lesson 1Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364mathdo the Calculate Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Inquiry Skill: Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

lesson 2The Nature of Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Inquiry Skill: Make Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

lesson 3Friction and Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 Inquiry Skill: Design Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

lesson 4Newton’s Laws of Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .382


mathdo the Calculate Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390


Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398• Safety Restraints • Potential Energy

Labzone

Forces and Motion The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 How do objects react to forces?

Vocabulary Skill: Latin Word Origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

STEM Activity: Sail Away . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

CHAPTER

10


Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Sticky Sneakers • Open Inquiry: Sticky Sneakers

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Will You Hurry Up? • Is the Force With You? • Observing Friction • What Changes Motion? • How Pushy Is a Straw? • What Makes an Object Move in a Circle?

Quick Labs: • Describing Acceleration • Graphing Acceleration• What Is Force? • Modeling Unbalanced Forces • Calculating • Around and Around • Newton’s Second Law • Interpreting Illustrations • Colliding Cars • Which Lands First? • Orbiting Earth

Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents • O

hio Contents •

Ohio C

ontents

CONTENTS


Labzone

lesson 1What Is Magnetism? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406


lesson 2Magnetic Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Inquiry Skill: Observe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

mathdo the Analyze Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

lesson 3Electric Charge and Static Electricity . . . . . . . . . . .418

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420, 423, 425

lesson 4Electromagnetic Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 Inquiry Skill: Predict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

lesson 5Electricity From Magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432

Unlock the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 Explore the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Answer the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 Inquiry Skill: Make Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

mathdo the Calculate Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Study Guide & Review and Assessment . . . . . . . 440 Review the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Apply the Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

Science Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446• Magnetic Pictures • A Shocking Message!

Appendices, English/Spanish Glossary, Index .448

Labzone


Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Detecting Fake Coins • Open Inquiry: Detecting Fake Coins

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Natural Magnets • Predict the Field • Can You Move a Can Without Touching It? • How Can Current Be Measured? • Electromagnetism • How Are Electricity, Magnets, and Motion Related? • Electric Current Without a Battery

Quick Labs: • Magnetic Poles • Spinning in Circles • Earth’s Magnetic Field • Drawing Conclusions • Sparks Are Flying • Producing Electric Current • Conductors and Insulators • Modeling Potential Difference • Electric Current and Magnetism • Magnetic Fields From Electric Current • Electromagnet • Can a Magnet Move a Wire? • How Galvanometers Work • Parts of an Electric Motor • Inducing an Electric Current • How Generators Work • How Transformers Work

Electromagnetism The Big Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 How are electricity and magnetism related?

Vocabulary Skill: Use Context to Determine Meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Scenario Investigation: Is the North Pole Really the South Pole? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

CHAPTER

11

Documents

CONTENTSassets.pearsonglobalschools.com/asset_mgr/pending/IS_g8_ohio_toc.pdf · CONTENTS lesson 1 How Scientists Work ... lesson 3 Using Graphs in Science ... CHAPTER2 Enter the Lab