€¦ · Lesson 1 Independence Day 1 Write the words with the suffixes -ion/-tion, -er. 2 Answer the questions. Write your answers. Classwork Classwork Homework Classwork and homework

Lesson 1 Independence Day

1 Write the words with the suffixes -ion/-tion, -er.

2 Answer the questions. Write your answers.

Classwork

Classwork

Homework

Classwork and homework

Lesson 2 International Youth Day

2a Work in pairs. Match the flags with countries. Complete the table with nationality.

attract – attraction, direct, elect, imagine, invitefight – fighter, jump, play, farm, sing, bake

1) When do people in Uzbekistan celebrate Independence Day?2) How did your family celebrate this holiday last time?3) What was the weather like on that day?4) What did your friends and relatives do?5) What food did you have?6) What clothes did you wear?

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UNIT 1 PUBLIC HOLIDAYS AND TRADITIONS

country flag nationality

1 India e.g. c e.g. Indian

2 South Korea

3 Mexico

4 Poland

5 Ghana

6 France

7 Australia

8 Norway

A B C

D

E

F

G

H

2b Work in groups of 4/5. Write a short plan for your activity. Write about:

1) What are you going to do? Why?2) When are you going to hold an event?3) How long will it last?4) Whose help/assistance would you need?

Lesson 3 Old traditions in modern life

2a Work in pairs. Read and complete the sentences.

Classwork

Homework


1) How much homework did you have for summer holidays?2) How much time did you spend to do your home assignments?3) Were you happy to come back to school after holidays? Why?/Why not?

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1 Answer the questions.

2 Read and choose the correct sentence.

If you have left your pencil case at home on the first day of school, your teacher will be angry with you. You will have to ask someone to lend you stationery. So I get my schoolbag ready the night before so that in the morning I have a spare ten minutes to listen to music or sleep.

a) Milana gets her schoolbag ready the night before and in the morning she can listen to music.

b) Milana forgets to take her pencil case because she sleeps in the morning.

I make sure my school work is ready. It is easy to forget about homework and school projects while we’re having fun during holidays. It’s always a good idea to make a list of the school work and assignments. This will help you remember everything you have to do and will help you get organised.

a) Jahongir forgot about his school work and assignments. He had fun during holidays.

b) Jahongir made a list of the school work. This helped him remember everything he had to do and helped him get organised.

As it’s a new term, I make a list of things I want to achieve. You are not good at maths? Do you want to do more sport or go to a club? Think of one thing you could do to change each of these problems. First, you should make a list of goals. Then, if you make a good timetable, you will be able to do a lot of things and do well at school.

a) Sevara wants to change her timetable because she has prob lems with maths.

b) Sevara wants to make a list of goals and to do a lot of things.

It is sometimes difficult to come back to school after holidays. A lot of pupils find it difficult to get back into a routine. Some pupils give their simple tips to help you.

Germany People _______ at the end of a master class or really good meeting.

Spain The Spaniards are well-known for being _______ and _______.

Classwork


Homework

1) join/together/different/Traditions/generations.2) We/everyday/keep/up/the family/should/meal/tradition/in our/life.3) is/Family/meal/a way/good/to/the family/bring/together.4) Some/our/traditions/old/in/Uzbekistan/us/proud/make/of/country.5) tea/hospitality/with/the/Sharing/guests/an element/is/of/our.6) in/Hospitality/and/for/elders/respect/are/traditions/old/Uzbekistan.7) of/people/Uzbek/Ceremonies/were/long/time/formed/ago.

Lesson 4 What’s in a name?

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France In France people tend to enjoy a plate of tasty cheese _______ meals.

Russia The Russians step on your feet to avoid future ______ with this person.

Japan In some Asian countries such as China, Korea or Japan, a sign of approval and appreciation of someone’s cooking is to eat the soup _______.

1 Make the sentences. Do you agree with the statements?

2 Write about traditions in your family.

1) Examples of names taken from fictional characters a) Frost, Fox 2) Examples of names which mean places b) Olive, Clementine 3) Examples of names which mean nature c) Bella, Hermione4) Examples of names that are jobs d) Taylor, Cooper5) Examples of food names e) Chelsea, Brooklyn

1 Work in pairs. Match the names with their explanations.

A JapanB IrelandC The Navajo people in America and MexicoD TurkeyE Ghana/AfricaF China

2a Work in pairs. Match the texts with countries.

1 People in these countries don’t use their traditional names every day.

2 People in this country first give their baby a “milk” name. It means something bad, for example, “mud face”. It is done to make the evil spirits get away from the baby.

3 In this country baby girls’ names mean something good, for example, “clean child” or “good child”. Male names often show the position of child in the family. For example, Ichiro means “first son”.

4 In this country babies get their names according to the time when the baby was born. For example, these names mean “holiday”, “spring”, “rain” or “storm”.

5 In this country the oldest son is named after the father’s father. Some names are given according to baby’s appearance. For example, some names mean “dark”, “black” or “red-haired”.

6 In this country names can show older and younger children. Some people give a name based on the day the child is born, for example, on Monday, Tuesday or Friday.


Lesson 5 New Year around the world

Homework

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1) Sticks and stones will break my bones, a) mother a bad name. (Ivorian) 2) Life is for one generation; b) people die and leave their names. (Japanese)3) A bad son gives his c) expensive things. (Bible)4) A good name is better than d) but names will never hurt me. (English)5) Before you beat the dog, e) a good name is forever. (Japanese)6) Tigers die and leave their skins; f) a bad one reaches farther. (Yugoslavian)7) A good name reaches far but g) find out the name of his master. (Chinese)

1) to jump off a) to make something start burning2) (in) unison b) used when you are giving or asking for information that is completely correct3) to symbolize c) together, at the same time, as one4) exactly d) a model of a person that is put in a field to frighten birds and stop them from eating the plants5) a scarecrow e) to disappear as a result of burning6) to set fire (to) f) to move from higher place by one jump7) to burn away g) to start or introduce something new8) to bring in h) to represent something

2 Work in pairs. Match the phrasal verbs and words with explanations.

1 Match the parts of the proverbs. Give equivalents or explanations to them (in your language).

2 Write about your relative’s or your friend’s name.

Classwork

Homework1) bring a) off2) set b) away (from)3) burn c) fire (to)4) jump d) in5) go e) back6) get f) away

What New Year traditions do you have in your family?

1 Match the parts of phrasal verbs. Explain their meanings.

2 Answer the question. Write a short paragraph.

Lesson 1 What is mass media?

UNIT 2 MASS MEDIA

3a Work in pairs. Think of when these message technologies appeared and complete the timeline.

Classwork a) first radio technology; b) first pigeon mes senger; c) chatbots; d) messengers on horse or on foot; e) emoji was introduced; f) the first telegraphs; g) personal computers; h) first mobile phone; i) smoke signals; j) the telephone was invented; k) global Internete.g.

smoke signals

2800 years ago 2500 years ago 1700s 1815 1840s 1870s 1876 1894 1973 Since 1990 1997


Lesson 2 Mass media in our lives

Homework

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3c Work in pairs. Listen one more time. Do the test.1 Smoke signals were used ...

a) in America and other ancient civilizations such as China, Egypt and Greece.b) only in America.c) only in ancient civilizations such as China, Egypt and Greece.

2 The ancient Greek Phidippides ran from Athens to Marathon city ...a) to take part in marathon racing. b) to say about the victory.c) to give another message.

3 The first pigeons were used as messengers ...a) in Europe. b) in England. c) in ancient Egypt and some Asian countries.

4 First radio which appeared in 1894 was ...a) FM radio. b) AM radio. c) both AM and FM radios.

5 The first computers were ...a) used in daily life. b) invented before the 1970s. c) very large and expensive.

6 We have World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social media and online shopping ...

a) since 1995. b) since 1990. c) before 19907 We live in changing times because ...

a) we have the emoji.b) there are You Tube, Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp and Telegram.c) new knowledge and technologies appear every day.

4a Work in pairs. Match the parts.1) mass media a) coated paper2) print media b) television and radio3) magazines c) electronic devices4) newspapers d) books, newspapers5) broadcast media e) daily/weekly6) digital media f) collection of different media technologies

e.g. I read news about Uzbekistan in ... . I learn about world news in ... . My favourite magazine is ... . I like it because there are stories about ... .

1 Write about you and your friend. What kind of mass media do you use and why have you chosen them?

2 Write the answers to questions in 4b.

3a Listen and tick what each speaker is talking about.

Classwork

Internet radio newspaper TV mobile phone

Speaker 1

Speaker 2

Speaker 3

Speaker 4

Speaker 5


Lesson 3 She says that ...Homework

Homework

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1) When I’m looking at the first page, I can ...a) see what the main headlines are.b) read sections about opinions and gossip articles which usually make me laugh.

2) I get the news about sports results ...a) on TV.b) on my mobile phone.

3) People use the Internet ...a) more than newspapers.b) less than newspapers.

4) Watching the news on the TV is ...a) not as interesting as reading newspapers.b) more exciting than newspapers.

5) I love the radio because the radio is easier than newspapers or TV because ...

a) I can do other things at the same time.b) I get my first news there.

e.g. She says that she eats an apple a day.

e.g. Charlie says that he’s a light operator.

Interview pupils in your school with the questions you wrote in activity 4b. Take notes. When you finish, count up the answers and write them.

Total number of pupils interviewed:Mass media the pupils use:The most popular mass media:Reason/s why they use it:Type of information the pupils like:Other interesting information:

1 Change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech.

2 Read and write a story about Charlie Hain.

3b Work in pairs. Listen one more time. Choose the correct ending.

1 She says, “My brother will help me.”2 They say, “We went for a walk every day.”3 You say, “I won’t go to Tashkent tomorrow.”4 He says, “My father’s playing football with me.”

Reporter: What do you do?Charlie: I’m a light operator. I shine lights at the actors and actresses on the stage.Reporter: What do you like about your job?Charlie: I love the energy that comes from the people every night. I like to entertain so many people.Reporter: What’s difficult about this job?Charlie: I work at night and it’s difficult to meet with friends and family.

I eat an apple a day.

V is ...s.

r

Lesson 5 What’s your favourite mass media?


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Lesson 4 He said that ...Homework

1 Read Jahongir’s interview with Jason and write an article. Use Indirect Speech.

2 Write three sentences. Use Present Simple, Present Continuous and Future Simple.

e.g. Jason said that he was interested in cars. Jahongir: Good morning, Jason.Jason: Good morning.Jahongir: You’re very interested in cars, aren’t you?Jason: Yes, that’s right. In fact, I’m very excited because I’m going to visit the Lotus sports car factory today.Jahongir: What will you do there?Jason: I hope they’ll take me for a test-drive in the

e.g. I like playing football. I’m going to watch TV today. I’m sitting at the English lesson now. My father will buy me a mobile phone.

Samarkand welcomes Sharq Taronalari Music Festival

Guests from different countries come to Samarkand to visit the International Festival Sharq Taronalari. It is held every two years since 1997. This festival of art has become a major cultural event in Uzbekistan and for people all over the world. It is visited by musicians, dancers and singers of all continents who demonstrate their ancient and national music art on the main stage of the festival – Registan Square. The Uzbek song “Qilpillama” was performed by American musicians who came to the festival.

G. Khasanov, UzA journalist

latest model. I’m going to interview the Managing Director.Jahongir: What’s the most interesting thing there in the factory?Jason: They have models of the cars. They’ll give me one as a souvenir. I’m looking forward to my visit a lot.

1b Work in pairs. Listen to the news and complete the table.

1c Work in pairs. Choose one and write a lead to it.

Classwork

Who?

What?

When?

Where?

Why?

1


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HomeworkWrite about your favourite mass media and explain why.

Young mathematicians win International Mathematics Competition

Eight members of Uzbekistan national team made a symbolic gift for the 28th anniversary of independence of Uzbekistan at the International Mathematics Competition in the city of Durban (South Africa) in August 2019. In individual competitions they won 1 gold, 1 silver, 4 bronze medals and 2 certificates of honor, and in team competitions – 8 bronze medals.More than 500 talented students from 41 countries took part in the Inter-national Mathematics Competition. They competed in solving complex and non-standard problems in combinatorics, number theory and geometry.

Khurshid Kadirov, UzA journalist

Water conservation is today’s urgent problem

We all know that water is one of the most important things of in life.According to the information, 90 percent of water in our country is used in agriculture. A media tour was organized for a group of media journalists to Khorezm region in August 2019 to see how the water resources are used in this area. According to the World Resources Institute, Uzbekistan takes 25th place among 164 countries where there is little water. This makes us think about taking all kinds of activities to take care not to waste water.

Nasiba Ziyodullayeva, UzA journalist

Uzbekistan celebrates Olympic Day

Uzbekistan supports the initiative of the International Olympic Committee and holds championships in such sports as boxing, arm-wrestling, gymnastics, athletics, canoeing, judo, Greco-Roman wrestling and kurash every year to celebrate the Olympic Day. The main goal is to attract people, especially youth, to mass sports.In July 2019, Uzbekistan celebrated the Olympic Day for the first time. The Olympic Day was widely celebrated in different regions of the country. One of the events was held at Babur Central Ecopark in Tashkent. A mass health event, which was visited by about ten thousand people, including Bukhara athletes and winners of international competitions, was held in Ark architectural building in Bukhara. The participants formed the Olympic rings. “I’m sure that this event will contribute to further increasing young people’s desire and interest in sports”, says the honored athlete of the Republic of Uzbekistan, double champion at the Asian Games and the continental championship, boxer Elshod Rasulov.

Rushana Aliakbarova, UzA journalist

2

3

4

latest news crosswords horoscope true stories jokesinteresting facts/things anecdotes sports news

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Lesson 1 Digital media

Lesson 2 After I’d watched TV...

Homework

Homework

UNIT 3 INFORMATION AGE


1a Read the article of a young journalist and choose the correct form of the verbs.

1b Write questions to the text. Use the question words.

1 Look at the diagrams. Complete the text.

2 Put the verbs in the right form.

INTERNET STARS

I (1) ... (to go) to the gymnastics club four times a week. One day our teacher (2) ... (to make) a video in which I (3) ... (to be) with my gym friends and my sister. We (4) ... (to sing) the Baby Shark song. Our teacher (5) ... (to show) the video to our parents. She also (6) ... (to send) it to the Facebook page and friends’ families showed it to other people. By the next day we (7) ... (to be) so happy to find that the number of views was 2,000 in America. The Baby Shark song soon was (8) ... (to sing) all over the world. I kept the site with the video and then it (9) ... (to become) popular in Italy, Thailand, Holland, Mexico, Japan and Peru and some other countries. I (10) ... (to be) surprised by this!

Penelope Thornton

e.g. Who went to the gymnastics club?

1) Who ... (go/gymnastics club)?2) Where ... (Penelope/go)?3) What song ... (teenagers/sing)?

4) Who ... (show/the video)?5) Why ... (they/be happy)?6) Why ... (the song/be popular)?

We interviewed 20 Year 8 pupils at Estover School. We interviewed 10 girls and 10 boys. The boys watch ... TV programmes than girls. The pie diagrams show that boys and girls like ... best. They also like ... programmes. Boys like the ... programmes more than girls. Girls like ... .

1) After he ... (write) a letter, he ... (send) it to his parents.2) After she ... (finish) her exams, she ... (go) to Paris.3) After they ... (do) some housework, they ... (have) a rest.4) When I ... (open) the windows, the cat ... (jump out).5) When she ... (have) dinner, she ... (watch) TV.6) She ... (get dressed) after she ... (have) a shower.7) After they ... (have) lunch, they ... (go) for a walk.

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Lesson 3 She said that she had watched ...

Lesson 4 Future technologies

Homework

Classwork


e.g. 1) Lewis said that in Iceland supermarkets had had a plastic bottle system. 2) He said that the shoppers ... 10p for every plastic bottle. 3) He said that the supermarket ... 311,500 bottles. 4) Freya said that she and some of her friends ... to swim. 5) She said that it ... 25 minutes to get to Shetland with the teacher. 6) Abby said that she ... to become the youngest person to sail round the world alone. 7) She said that 8 years later some people ... her boat near the coast of Australia. 8) Mr. Smith said that two very special Socorro dove chicks ... at Chester Zoo. 9) He said that the chicks ... in the wild for 47 years.

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Read the text in 4a. Complete the report.

3a Look at the Remember box. Listen and complete the conversation with the language phrases you hear.

A: Are you using any new apps on your phone?B: Yes ... I like my new walking app. It’s great. I use it at my gym.A: (1) ... . Tell me about it.B: It’s called Virtual Walk. First, you download the app on your phone. Then

you choose a place where you want to walk. You can choose a beautiful park to walk though. Or you can walk to all the amazing places in the world. There are lots of places to choose.

A: (2) ... .B: Next, you get on your running track, put on your virtual reality headset,

and turn on your app. Then you walk. The virtual reality makes you feel like you are walking in the real place.

A: (3) ... . Does it feel real?B: Yeaa ... It’s fantastic ... But you must be careful. You can’t see the

real world with your virtual reality headset on, so sometimes you can fall down.

A: (4) ... . Did that happen to you?B: Yes, and I hurt my leg.A: (5) ... .

1b Work in pairs. Do the quiz.

1 What gives electricity to Solar power station?a) the sun b) gas c) oil

2 Did the Apple iPhone first appear in ...?a) 1995 b) 2000 c) 2007

3 Firefox, Opera, Chrome and Explorer are types of what?a) computers b) web browsers c) websites

4 With computers, what does ROM stand for?a) Reality of Mind b) Read Only Memory c) Read Our Mind

5 IBM is a well-known computer and information technology company. What does IBM stand for?a) International Business Machines b) Internet Browser Mechanism c) International Big Market


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Lesson 5 Is social media dangerous?

Homework

Homework

Classwork3 Work in pairs. Read and complete the text.

1 Read what Mrs Fryer said in the article. Write a report. Use Indirect Speech.

2 Write about how you use your electronic device.

Read the article and write a report.e.g. Ian said that people had paid for clothes 50 million dollars last summer. He said that they ...

Technology newsRemember! Your mobile phone can be bad for your (1) ... ! Nowadays,

we (2) ... our mobile phones for everything. We use them to check email, send texts, do work, watch movies, listen to music, play games, and even pay for our shopping. We are always online. We are (3) ... to our bosses, our friends, and our families 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Doctors now say that all this technology can (4) ... us.

If you want to do something about this, give your (5) ... a break! Go outside. Go to the park. Take a walk. The fresh air, the beautiful sky and the trees help give you the (6) ... you need. So, for your next lunch break, go and enjoy the (7) ... of the sunshine. And leave your cell phone at your desk. Don’t (8) ... – the world can wait!

First News July 2019Some people paid for clothes 50 million dollars last summer.

They bought most of these clothes for holidays. They only used them one time. People put them in the rubbish bin because the price was low. This “fast fashion” took a lot of work to make clothes and it was bad for nature. People should think about our planet and buy secondhand clothes instead.

Other people bought secondhand clothes and they also col-lected money for poor people or sick children in the hospital.

Ian Eddy

e.g. Mrs Fryer said that she had been surprised when she came downstairs for breakfast one morning.

Fantastic Mr Fox

Mrs Fryer: “I was surprised when I came downstairs for breakfast one morning. A little fox got into our kitchen and fell asleep on top of the microwave! It got through the cat’s door and left a lot of dirty spots on the floor.

I rang the vet. The vet Phil Norman came to help me and took the fox to Animal Hospital. They found nothing wrong with the fox and it was able to go back into the wild.”

1) What is it? 2) What does it give you? 3) How often do you use it?

available (adj) depend on (v)health (n) rest (n)brain (n) effect (n)hurt (v) worry (v)

UNIT 4 LITERATURE AND LIFELesson 1 How important is literature?

Classwork


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Pupil B: look at this page. Ask your partner about Ecuador, Australia, Philippines and Vietnam.A: What do people in Ecuador make?B: ... .A: What do they burn away?B: ... .

Unit 1 • Lesson 53a Work in pairs. Ask and answer. Complete the texts.

New Year Traditions for Good LuckIn Colombia, one of the favourite ways to celebrate New Year is to carry

an empty suitcase around the house. The tradition means to bring a year of travelling.

In Denmark, people jump off their chairs in unison at midnight. This sym -bo lizes jumping forward into the new year and leaving bad things behind.

In Belgium, farmers get up early on New Year’s Day and wish the cows and other domestic animals a happy New Year.

In Japan, there is a tradition that takes place at midnight on New Year’s Eve. It is ringing a bell exactly 108 times. It symbolises getting rid of bad things of the old year.

In Ecuador, people make large ... (What) and set fire to them at midnight in order to burn away ... (What) of last year. Making the scarecrow is a family activity. People do it for fun and laughs.

In Sydney, there is one of the biggest New Year’s Eve celebrations in the world. It is summer in Australia, and thousands of people gather around ... (Where). A family-friendly firework show starts at ... (When), while the main attraction – the Harbour Light Parade – is at midnight.

In the Philippines, at New Year people eat ... (What), carry coins in their pockets, and wear polka-dotted clothing. The round shape symbolises ... (What), and makes people believe that they will have more money the next year.

The Vietnamese wear ... (What kind) clothes to bring in the New Year ... (What). These clothes are not the modern Western styles that most people wear in their daily life. They wear a traditional kind of long dress with trousers.

3 Work in pairs. Complete the texts with the sentences. One sentence is extra.

a) ... make their writing better.b) When we read, ...c) People want to learn more ...

d) History teaches us what people feel in ...e) ... walked on the same ground as us.f) We become cleverer.

Literature opens our eyes and makes us see more than we just see. It helps us understand the wide world around us. With literature, we begin

1

7 — Teens’ English 8

5

4

Homework

Lesson 2 First in literatureClasswork


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to learn and ask questions. Literature helps us grow and gives us the ability to think about a lot of different things. (1) ...

Many of us learn what critical thinking is in our lessons. (2) ..., we learn to see information between the lines. It means that we understand more information than it is written. We are taught to give answers to more questions because we can understand more details.

All literature: poems, essays, novels or short stories help us understand feelings of other people and difficult situations in their lives. (5) ..., have more friends; they want their dreams to come true, they want to spend more time with their families. We need literature to understand ourselves.

2

3 History and literature go with each other. History is not just about wars, names and dates. It is about people and their lives. Today the world is different to what it was in the 15th century. Without literature, we would not know about our past, our families, the people who lived before and (3) ... .

When you open a book, when your eyes read the words, do you ask yourself: “How did this person write this?” Well, many of those authors, poets or playwrights used literature to (4) ... .

4b Listen and complete the biography of Rudyard Kipling.

BORN: December 30, ________COUNTRY: Bombay, _________EARLY LIFE: When he was ____ years old, he was taken to ____________

to begin his education.ADULTHOOD: When he was _____ years old, he returned to ___________

and worked as a ____________________ and editor for the Civil and Mili - tary Gazette in Lahore.BECAME FAMOUS: Kipling published his first collection of poems, Departmental Ditties and Other Verses, in _______, and his first collection of stories, Plain Tales from the Hills, in _______. He wrote _______, like Kim, The Jungle Book and Puck of Pook’s Hill. He also wrote the well-known poems, If — and Gunga Din, and many _________________ set in India.

AWARDS AND HONORS: He was awarded the 1907 _______________ in Literature.

DIED: Kipling died in __________ on _____ January 1936 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London.

Choose and write a biography of your favourite writer/poet. Look at Activity 4b.

2a Complete the sentences in the chart. Use the Present or Past Simple passive forms of the verbs in brackets.

Classwork and homeworkPublishing – past and present

50 years ago TodayManuscripts _______ (write) by hand or on a typewriter.

Manuscripts _________ (type) on a computer.

The finished manuscript ______ (send) to the publisher by post.

The finished manuscript ______ (email) to the publisher.

Pictures ________ (draw) on paper. Most pictures _______ (create) on a computer.

Metal plates ________ (make) by the printers. Some books _______ (print) directly from a computer.

Books ________ (sell) only in bookshops. More books ______ (buy) online than from bookshops.

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2b Complete the sentences.1) The passive is formed with the correct form of the verb __________ and

the past participle.2) We use the __________ simple for the present passive and the _________

simple for the past passive.3) If we want to say who performed the _______, we use by.

HomeworkRead and answer the questions.

1) What is Open Eurasia?2) Who can take part in this Contest?3) When did this Contest start?

4) Where do the Contest Festivals take place?5) Why do the authors want to participate in this Contest?6) Who was the first winner of the Contest?7) Who are the other winners from Uzbekistan?

Open Eurasia 2019 Contest Announced!Open Eurasia is an international creative competition, which brings

together creative people from all over the world. The prizes are presented at the Open Eurasian Book Forum & Literature Festival.

This international contest includes a festival and forum. It invites creative poets, writers, artists and film directors from the Eurasia region and all over the world. Many writers, poets, translators and artists take part in the competition to become a winner.

Contest Open Eurasia has been held since 2012. Contest is organized with “Hertfordshire Press” publishing house.

The Festival is held in different places. For example, in 2018, the festival was held in Thailand, and before it took place in Bishkek, London, Almaty and Stockholm.

The winners can publish their books in London. Thanks to the prizes, the authors can show their books in the Open Book Forum Eurasian & Literature Festival and in other places in Europe and Asia!

One of the finalists of the Contest in 2019 was a historical novel by an Uzbek author Shahodat Ulug. She has introduced her novel “Jayhun Epkinlari” (“Jayhun Breath”). Galina Dolgaya was the first who won the first prize in the history of the Contest. She lives in Tashkent. She has published a number of novels and poems. Her novel “The Gods of the Middle World” won the first prize at the Contest 2012 Literature Festival and it is her first work in English.

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In Contest there are a lot of winners from Uzbekistan in different cate-gories. For example, in the Open Eurasia 2018 Hosiyat Rustamova won the 1st place in the category Poetry; Alexey Ulko won in the translation cate-gory, Jasur Turaev and Ashot Danielyan for the film category, a journalist Said Yanyshev was the winner of the international literary contest. Isajon Sulton was one of the winners of Contest and now he is a member of the advisory board in Open Eurasia.

Lesson 3 Why do we read?Classwork

1b Work in pairs. Complete the table and make sentences.

1 ... prepare for a maths exam e.g. a textbook

2 ... look up a word you don’t know

3 ... read the story of a person’s life, written by that person

4 ... read the story of a person’s life, written by someone else

5 ... find out which countries are next to France

6 ... learn how your new TV works

7 ... read something written for the theatre

8 ... read a long fiction book

9 ... read the latest gossip about pop stars

10 ... read about latest news in the world

11 ... learn how to cook a nice meal

12 ... learn the rules of English grammar

13 ... find out where to go on holiday

14 ... read a short fictional work

15 ... read stories with lots of pictures and not many words

16 ... find information about deserts

2 Listen and write what each speaker is reading.

name type of publication

1 Rich

2 Steve

3 Shannon

4 Kate

e.g. If I want to prepare for a maths exam, I’ll read a textbook.

Read the free poem What is peace? and create your own.

Homework

e.g. What is friendship? It is to me ... .

What is peace?It is to meA smile, a laugh,A bird flying free.

Sofia LauraRemember!A Free poem does not have any rules. The author wants to show the idea. There is no right or wrong way to create a Free poem.

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Lesson 4 At the libraryClasswork

1 Read the question. Complete the answers. Look at the Remember Box.

2 Write the answer to the question. Look at activities 3a and 3c.

3 Read and answer the questions.

Homework

3a Work in pairs. Read the first three tips on how to read English books better and choose the appro priate phrases.

1 Start at a comfortable reading level.

... look through the first few pages./... enjoy the book./... stop reading it.If you start reading a book that is too difficult, you will (1) ... . First you should (2) ... . If you don’t understand what the author is trying to say, you may not (3) ... .

32 Learn more English words.

... review them later and make them a part of your vo ca bu-lary./... everyday speech/... guess what it means.If you don’t understand a word, first try to (4) ... . Other words in the sentence can help you. Look up words in the dictionary that you do not understand. Write down these words to (5) ... . Use new words you learn in your (6) ... .

Practise, practise, practise.

... short break/... how you read and spell./... morn-ing bus/... enjoyable ex-pe rience.Try to read every day. If you need, you may take a (7) ... and then go on. Reading should be an (8) ... Take a book with you on a (9) ... or read during lunch break. Reading out loud can improve (10) ... .

What would you do if you had a lot of money?

e.g. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a house with a garden for my parents. They like planting flowers and trees.

1) If I ... a lot of money, I would go to London to see the Buckingham Palace.2) If I had a lot of money, I ... buy a car for my elder brother. His work is far away from his home.3) If I ... a lot of money, I ... go to Australia to see kangaroos and koalas. 4) If I ... a lot of money, I ... build a swimming pool in our mahalla. Many children here like swimming.5) If I had a lot of money, I ...

What advice how to read better would you give to a ten-year-old child if you were a librarian?

1) What can be found in Alisher Navoi National Library?2) How can you get a book you need there?3) What kind of books are available in the library?4) What facilities are available to disabled people?5) Why do you think the library is named after Alisher Navoi?

Remember:If I were a librarian, I would read a lot of books.

The National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi is the largest library in the country. It has the largest collection of books written by hand and printed works in Uzbek in the world. Anyone can be a member of the library if you have a library card. It is given for three years. In the hall there is an electronic library cata-logue which helps you find any book in 10-15 minutes from any room.


e.g. My friend Diana doesn’t like reading simplified books. She thinks that the language in them is not natural.

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Lesson 5 Books or e-books?Classwork

Agree Strongly agree

Disagree Strongly disagree

1 Reading is one of my favourite pastimes.

2 Reading is OK if there is nothing else to do.

3 I only like reading in English if the language is made simple.

4 I don’t like reading simplified books because the language in them is not natural.

5 I like books to have a good story-line.

6 I prefer short stories because I get bored/tired easily.

7 I don’t like to give my opinion about what I’ve read.

8 I like someone to translate the words I don’t understand.

9 I prefer one long story to several short stories.

10 I don’t like books to have pictures. It is childish.

11 Pictures help me to understand. I like them.

12 I read a lot at school. Reading is no fun!13 I read a lot for fun/pleasure in my own

language, but not in English.

1a Work in pairs. Interview your partner and discuss how many of the following you agree with.

There are also old-fashioned catalogues for those who want to look for books in the classical style.

The library has 6,5 million publications: 600,000 electronic records, 2,5 million units of newspapers and magazines, 60,000 music disks, 50,000 audio resources and 550,000 scientific works, many of them are rare and expensive.

Alisher Navoi National Library has many things for the people with disabilities: there is a lift for wheelchair users in the hall. There are also rooms for the blind and audio books.

HomeworkWrite 8-10 sentences about your friend. Look at Activity 1a.


Lesson 1 History of the cinemaClasswork

Homework

Homework

e.g. My father likes ... films. They make him ... . His favourite film is ... . He thinks it’s ... . My mother doesn’t like ... films because ... . She thinks they are ... .

e.g. I like watching ... (a genre) films. My favourite film is ... . It is a ... (genre). The main characters are ... . The film is about ... . The action takes place in ... . The music is beautiful/bad. The film ends (does not end) happily. I (do not) want to see this film again. I think my friends will (will not) like it because ... .

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UNIT 5 CINEMA2a Work in pairs. Match the words to explanations.

1) frame a) a wide, circular path with a grass surface, on which horses race2) gallop b) the fast run or speed of a horse3) racetrack c) a number of similar events that happen after each other4) succession d) a glass container that produces light when electricity goes through it5) light bulb e) one of the pictures on photographic film

1) A ... film makes me feel strong emotions.2) A horror film has ... events.3) A ... film makes me laugh.4) A ... film makes me bored.

4b Complete the sentences with the adjectives in 4a.

Ask your family members about the films they like/dislike. Write what they think about them.

Choose a film and complete the sentences.

Lesson 2 What kind of films do you like?

Lesson 3 At the cinemaClasswork 3b Listen to the dialogue between Jenny and the ticket

seller. Fill in the blanks.Seller: Good morning. How can I help you?Jenny: I’d like to buy ... tickets for ..., please.Seller: Which showing?Jenny: Pardon?Seller: Which showing would you like? Jenny: The ..., please.Seller: Just a moment. Oh, I’m sorry no tickets for this showing left.

Jenny: That’s OK. What about ... ?Seller: Yes. We have tickets for this showing. How many tickets? Jenny: ... please. Two adults and a ... . Seller: Sorry, did you say two ... ?Jenny: No, one thirteen-year-old and two adults.Seller: OK. Two adults and one child. That’s ... .

Write the questions and answer them.

5) An ... film has a lot of special effects that look fantastic.6) If a film is ..., I can’t stop watching it.7) If a film is ..., I know what is going to happen.

Homework1) to/How/cinema/often/you/go/do/the? Who/do/you/go/with?2) your/favourite/Who’s/actor/actress/or? do/Why/you/them/like?3) What’s/name/the/of/the/last/you/film/saw? What/it/was/about?4) ever/What’s/the/movie/best/you’ve/seen? Explain why.5) Do/prefer/to/you/watch/home/movies/at/or/the/in/cinema? Why?6) seen/the/worst/movie/What/is/you/have/ever? Why/it/was/so/bad?7) Would/like/to/you/be/a/film/famous/star? Why or why not?

Lesson 1 How does music make you feel?

Homework

Classwork

Lesson 4 How to choose a film to watch

Lesson 5 What’s the film like?

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Homework

Homework

1) What kind a) does it last?2) Who b) about?

a) ice b) ABC c) a bee d) a bat e) lightning f) a mouse g) a tree h) a picture

1 Match the parts of the questions.

1 Look and write the sentences with as ... as and not as ... as.

2 Write similar expressions in your mother tongue.

1 Write the correct form of the words in brackets. Complete the sentences.

3 Write five sentences with the expressions.

2 Write which film in activity 2b you would like to see and why.

3) Who’s c) is in it?4) How long d) the main characters?5) Where e) does it take place?6) Who are f) the movie get awards?7) What is it g) of movie is it?8) What h) starring in it?9) Did i) happens in it?

1) He is as tall as _______.2) She is as pretty as _______.3) He is as cold as _______.4) She is as busy as _______.

annoyed, happy, miserable, nervous, re lax-ed, energetic, good, strange, calm, aw ful, tired, cheerful, excited, sad, angry, won der-ful, bored, stressed

e.g. Rock music makes me energetic.

1) Rock music makes (I) energetic.2) Country music makes (he) cheerful. 3) Classical music made (she) creative.

e.g. My sister is as busy as a bee.

5) He is as quick as _______.6) She is as quiet as _______.7) He is as blind as _______.8) It is as easy as _______.

UNIT 6 WORLD OF MUSIC

4a Work in pairs. Complete a T-chart.

Positive Negative

3b Listen one more time. Write true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).1) Don Campbell loves Mozart’s music.2) People listen to music to relax before work.3) Listening to music when you are ill is a good idea.4) Only Mozart’s music helps you to study.5) The students should listen to Mozart for about ten minutes before doing tests.6) It is a good idea for children to learn to play a musical instrument.

4) Jazz makes (the cat) nervous.5) Pop music makes (we) relaxed.6) Heavy metal makes (they) annoyed.

e.g. happy annoyed


HomeworkLesson 2 Uzbek national music

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1 Write the adjectives in the superlative degree.

2 Read Katy’s letter and write an answer to her.

3 Correct the sentences in the passive voice.

Sharq Taronalari (“Melodies of the East”) is one of (1) ... (large) musical and cultural festivals in Central Asia. It is a competition. The festival is held every two years at Samarkand’s Registan Square on an open-air stage equipped with the latest lighting and sound equipment, surrounded by medieval monuments. The first festival was held in 1997. It has become the center of world culture, with performers representing their home nations and cultures at this international festival. This festival brings together (2) ... (talented) singers, dancers and musicians to celebrate art from around the world. Sharq Taronalari is recognized in the UNESCO International Cultural Events list, and is one of (3) ... (popular) events for those who want to learn more about Uzbekistan and its heritage.

Registan is (4) ... (good) attraction of Amir Timur’s capital, the centre of a city where (5) ... (bright) minds of the time lived. Scientists, artists, architects and poets each contributed to this legendary city, making it one of the main stops on the Silk Road and a centre of learning in Asia.

Dear Sevara,I‛ve just been to the Eisteddfod festival in Wales. It is a very old tradition. The fi rst one was held in the sixth century! I was surprised the festival was so popular. There were more than 10,000 people there. The festival is a competition. I enjoyed the music and national costumes of the competitors. Do you have any national festivals in your country? Please write me soon. LoveKate

2 Write answers to the questions. 3 Write the questions.What kind of music makes you:1) happy? 2) want to dance? 3) relaxed? 4) want to shut ears?

1) is/favourite/your/music/What?2) do/How/you/feel/singer/when/are/ you/to/your/listening/favourite?3) stupid/Is/music/modern/and/useless?

1) The bridge were built in 1976.2) The meals is cooked every day.3) The rooms are cleaning every day.

e.g. I listened to “Summer” from “Four Seasons” by Antonio Vivaldi. It was ... . It made me ... .

HomeworkLesson 3 Classical music? It’s great!

1 Listen to any piece of classical music and write about your feelings.

4) Uzbekistan have visited by a lot of tourists every year.

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Classwork and homeworkYou can choose from this list or any other piece of classical music:Vivaldi – Summer – Third movement. You should listen to it with care; it

is extremely energetic but magical at the same time.Vivaldi – Spring – First movement. Probably it is the most famous work

of Antonio Vivaldi. It is full of life and joy.Mozart – Sonata No.15 – K.545. They say that this composition by Mozart

stimulates learning.Mozart – Piano Sonata in D major K.448 – First movement. If the students

listen to this piece or other similar pieces from Mozart or Bach for ten minutes before doing a test, they will get better results.

1) If you were a musician, music of what genre would you perform?2) What would you do if you were famous?

2 Answer the questions.

Lesson 4 What about going to the concert?1 Work in pairs. Read and match.

1 Write the sentences of the dialogue in the correct order.

2 Ask your family or friends about their favourite music and write about it.

a) pop music b) opera c) jazz d) country music e) rock f) hip hop

Classwork

Homework

1) ... is a drama set to music. It is like a play in which everything is sung instead of spoken.

2) ... is popular modern music with a strong beat. It was developed from rock ‘n’ roll in the 1960s and 1970s. It mostly uses electric guitars and driving rhythm.

3) ... is traditional music from a particular area, especially from the countryside. It often has a beautiful melody.

4) ... is a style of singing called rapping.

e.g. My mum said that she liked ... music most of all. Her favourite singer/music is ... . This singer had been popular before she was born. This music makes her ... .

1 B: It’s my favourite music genre. I don’t like rock.2 B: I’d love to. Which concert are you talking about?3 A: Neither do I.4 B: Let’s go.5 A: Would you like to come with me to the concert tonight?6 A: Why? Do you like jazz?7 A: Have you seen big posters in the city? It’s a concert of many musicians

and popular groups.8 B: I hope there will be something from pop music too. 9 B: I see. I hope they will have some jazz compositions on the list.10 A: So do I. If we don’t want to be late, we should hurry up.

The singer or group chants or says words with music with a strong beat. The lyrics are often about the life of big cities.

5) ... is music with unusual tunes which was invented in the United States. It was originally played by Afro-Americans. This music combines African-American music with European music.

6) ... is a type of music that many people like to listen to. The term can be used for all kinds of music written to be popular. Styles of this type of music include rock music, electronic dance music and hip hop.

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e.g. Where did Asadbek study before coming to Tashkent?

A young conductor from Tashkent, a 10-year-old Asadbek Ayubjanov

How a song is recordedMicrophones are put (put) in different

parts of the recording studio. The head of the microphone (1) ... (make) of metal that forms an electromagnet. The sound (2) ... (record) on tape as sound waves. Sound engineers make sure all the notes (3) ...

Lesson 5 What is the future of music?1 Read the text. Write five questions about Asadbek.

2 Complete the sentences with the present simple passive form of the verbs in the brackets.

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Homework

UNIT 7 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYLesson 1 Everyday inventions

Lesson 2 What is science?

Choose three most important inventions from Activity 1a. Write about them.

e.g. The first most important invention was the air conditioner. It was in vented by Willis Carrier in 1902. The air conditioners help people in hot summer days.

1b Work in pairs. Read and check your ideas.Classwork

Classwork

The word “science” comes from the Latin word scientia, which means “knowledge”. Science is the system we use to learn about the natural world. Science is based on tests. They show whether a scientist’s explanations for why things happen are right or wrong. The

Asadbek is a third-grade student of the Republican Specialized Music Academic Ly ceum named after Uspensky. He is the youngest conductor in Uzbekistan and one of the youngest in the world.

The talented boy was noticed in Termez Music School. He was invited to study to Tashkent. Vladimir Neymer, a professor at the State Conservatoire, teaches him the art of conducting.

The young conductor earlier conducted the orchestra of the Ministry of Defence of

Russia, which consists of 90 orchestra mem-bers, and the Vladimir Spivakov’s orchestra “Virtuosos of Moscow”.

Asadbek’s teacher Vladimir Neymer sent a video of Asadbek conducting an orchestra to Vladimir Spi vakov. After that, Asadbek was invited to per form in famous concert halls. Asadbek wants to become a famous violinist or conductor. He wants to travel around the world, see different countries and cities, and learn a lot of new things.

Homework

(catch) on tape. The tape (4) ... (divide) into 16 tracks and each instrument (5) ... (record) on a different track on the tape. Special effects (6) ... (add) if necessary. The tape (7) ... (edit) to make the final tape or ‘master tape’. The master tape (8) ... (use) to make a master disc and then copies (9) ... (make).

1a Work in pairs. Put in order.

1901 1902 1904 1907 1919 1927 1930 1938 1942 1946 1953 1974

vacuum cleaner

types of science are known as ‘branches’, e.g. life science (zoology, botany and bio-logy), physical science (chemistry, physics and astronomy), social science (economics, history) and others. This is because they look like branches of a tree.

Lesson 3 Looking into space

Lesson 3 Water is life.Classwork and homework

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Homework

Homework

Write five questions to the text in Activity 2b.

e.g. Why does Frank Drake think that there must be over 6 billion planets with living things on them?

Classwork1d Match the arguments (1-4) and the reasons (a-d). Which are pros/cons?

1) can learn more2) can be unhealthy3) waste their time4) develop skills which they will use later in life

e.g. NASA has sent people and machines to the moon.1) ... studies climate on the earth2) ... reached Mars3) ... studies the Sun

a) most jobs involve using a computerb) play games or surf on the Net instead of studyingc) damage children’s eyes, cause headachesd) use the Net to get information

3a Work in pairs. Read and answer the questions.

A telescope is an optical instrument that makes far objects appear larger by using lenses or curved mirrors and lenses. We can study the sky and the stars through a telescope. The first known practical telescopes were telescopes invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century; glass lenses were used in them. They are used for looking at things that are too far and studying them carefully. Large telescopes are used by astronomers. Telescopes are the main instruments for the study of thenight sky. Home telescopes are used to look at some astronomical events that may take place in the sky. In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes. The Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope which started working in space in 1990.

1) Where does this text come from? How do you know?2) What information comes first in the text? What comes after that?

arger y and were

ntury; s that by he

types

at?

Read and complete the sentences.

4) ... consists of many countries5) ... work in the International Space Station6) ... studies life on other planets

NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA, the USA, is certainly an important organisation. It was founded in October 1958 and has done a lot of space programmes since then. Project Apollo was the first research mission to the moon. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first men on the moon. They got there on 21st July 1969.

The spacemen work in the International Space Station. Some satellites are studying Mars. Now NASA has a number of programmes which study climate change, freshwater resources, development of the Sun, and life on other planets.

1

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RSA – Russian Space AgencyThe space race began on 4th October 1957, when

Russia’s first satellite was sent into space. The first moon station was sent in 1959. The first man in space was Yuri Gagarin. He moved around the earth one time on 12th April 1961. The Russian Space Agency (RSA) known as Roscosmos was officially formed on February 25, 1992. It has many different programmes of space flights. RSA is one of the partners of the International Space Station (ISS) programmes. It is one of the leading space agencies.

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ESA – European Space AgencyThe European Space Agency (ESA) is one of

the best in sending spaceships into space orbits. It was established in 1975 by ten member states. Now there are 22 member states. Together the nations develop more space programmes than just a single nation. Their satellite reached Mars.

ISRO – Indian Space Research OrganisationThe Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) became

the first Asian Space Agency to reach the orbit of Mars. It is the world’s first agency which did it successfully from the very first time. Formed in 1969, ISRO has sent 75 space-ships to date. It designs, makes satellites and makes space programmes. In 2019, the first machine to the moon was successfully sent.

CNSA – China National Space AdministrationThe China National Space Administration (CNSA) is developing

satellites for telecommunication and Earth watching systems. In 2003, China joined America and Russia to make a manned space flight. Its latest unmanned flight to the moon was successfully made in 2013.

JAXA – Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyThe Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) was established

in 2003. Its main work is to promote technological development, research work, and send satellites into orbits, moon research, and many other space research. It also studies the changes of climate.

2

3

5

6

4

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Lesson 5 Just like humans

Lesson 4 How techie are you?

3b Work in pairs or in groups. Match the robots and what they will do.

1b Complete the sentences with the prepositions below.

1a Read the phrasal verbs. Match the opposites.

Classwork

Classwork

robot year Is used ...

1) BEAR 2011 A) you could control an android just using your mind; mind-control technologies are used; electrodes are fixed into the operator’s head; will be able to be a good companion and help many people

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away down off on out up

1) He took ... his mobile phone and turned it on.2) Sorry, can you pick ... my MP3 player? I dropped it on the floor.3) Can you turn ... the radio? There’s really good concert on in a minute.4) When she switched ... the light, she couldn’t see anything.5) Can you please put ... the DVDs when you’ve watched them?6) Can you turn ... the TV? It’s too loud, I have a headache.

1) turn on/switch on a) put away2) turn up b) turn off/ switch off3) take out c) take off4) plug in d) turn down5) put on e) pull out

Homework

4b Read and complete the box.

Tim Berners-Lee

BORN______________________________________________

STUDIED______________________________________________

IMPORTANT INVENTION___________________________________________________________________

AWARDS AND HONORS_______________________

2 Complete the sentences with the words.

a) smartphone b) hard disk recorder c) HD TV d) laptop e) satellite TV f) e-book reader

1) I love it. I can carry hundreds of books with me on my ... . I don’t need a bag!2) We can record over 100 hours of television pro-

grammes on our ... .3) We have ... at home. There is a choice of more

than 100 channels. 4) My dad takes his ... with him when he travels so he

can work on it on the train or in the plane.5) I can do anything on my ... . I can play music,

record videos, send emails and make phone calls of course!

6) The picture on our new ... is amazingly clear.


1 Read and check your ideas to Activity 4.

2 Imagine a robot and draw it. Describe what it will do and where it will be used.

3 Prepare for the project lesson. Find and bring to class information about your favourite invention.

Homework

Comtech withthe Organiza-tion of Islam ic Co operation, Mi ni stry of In-novative Deve-lopment of the

Republic of Uzbekistan and the Islamic De-velopment Bank is organizing the first OIC Robotics Challenge (ORC) in Tashkent, Uz-bekistan within the framework of INNOWEEK of the Government of Uz be ki stan. The ORCtakes place in the UZ EXPOCENTRE exhibi-tion centre, Tashkent, from 27 to 31 of October, to partici pants from OIC Member States with ages between 17 and 23 years.

COMPETITION CATEGORIES

ROBO SUMOA robot should push another robot out of

the ring.

ROBO FOOTBALLTwo distance-controlled robots play foot-

ball on the field.● A team should consist of no more than

three participating members.● In addition to the participating mem-

bers, each team can be accompanied by a senior person as Team Manager/Mentor. In such a case, the Team Manager would need to pay his/her own travel expenses.

● The age limit is 17 to 23 years.● A team can participate in both catego-

ries if they wish to do so.● There are prizes to the top 3 teams in

each category.

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Classwork and homework2) BINA48 2014 B) is controlled by an operator; it can perform some actions itself; was

developed to do a lot of things from helping people to driving cars and flying into space; can answer questions and make conversations; tell jokes, although only in Russian; was sent to the International Space Station; do work which is dangerous for humans, such as activities and operations on solar system objects

3) Atlas 2013 C) helper in dangerous situations like at an atomic electric power plant; looks like Terminator; a computer inside; can see its environment; climb a ladder and drive a car

4) Morpheus 2012 D) the most human-like android; to hold conversations on a number of to-pics; has the ability to learn; vocabulary and knowledge grows each day

5) ASIMO 2000 E) can save people in dangerous situations; can lift up to 236 kilograms; can see the environment at night with optical cameras

6) FEDOR 2019 F) a personal assistant, helps those people who can’t help themselves; uses a battery ; it doesn’t have a mind of its own; it can be controlled by a computer, or voice signals; has the ability to recognise diferrent people’s gestures, sounds, and even faces; turns its face to you when you walk in a room and shake your hand; can even memorize up to 10 people


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Lesson 1 What do they want to say?

Lesson 2 What is this museum famous for?

UNIT 8 PAINTING AND SCULPTURES

Classwork

Classwork

Homework

2 Work in pairs. Read and choose the best answer.

1 These pictures were done by the first prehistoric people more than ... years ago. a) 40000 b) 1 million c) 40002 Homo sapiens were different from animals because ... a) they had bigger brain and were faster than animals. b) animals walk on four legs and are not able to communicate like humans. c) animals simply survive in their environment, humans have developed technology and science to change their environment. People are creative. They want to express themselves through music, painting, dances and other forms of art.3 Why did prehistoric people started creating pictures? a) Children learned to paint. b) They had a lot of time and did not know what to do. c) They wanted to create a series of paintings of animals, hunting scenes and other graphic illustrations of their everyday life.3a Work in pairs. Listen to why people create art. Match the speakers and sentences.

a) People are creative by their natureb) Art tells our storiesc) Expressing emotions

e.g. Speaker 1 – e

Write the answers to the questions.1) What do you enjoy taking photos of? What photos do you have on your phone? 2) In your opinion, is photography a form of art? Why? Why not?

d) To reflect the beauty of naturee) Creating art for funf) To have an effect on other peopleg) Means of communication

3) What photos, pictures, paintings or posters do you have on your walls at home? 4) Are you good at drawing? What do you like to draw?5) What do you think is the most beautiful work of art in the world?

3a Work in pairs. Look at the museums in the pictures. Match the museums and their descriptions.

museum was found-ed in ... famous for ...

1) The State Art Museum of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

e.g. 1876 a) It has the best collection in the Asian re gion and the world’s second-largest collection of Russian avant-garde.

2) The State Museum of Applied Arts of Uzbeki- stan, Tashkent

b) There are mostly paintings and draw ings by Russian and Western European artists, sculp tures, furniture and porcelain.

3) The State Museum of Arts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Nukus

c) The museum has over 250,000 objects, including archaeological, numismatic and historical things show ing Uzbek history from the earliest times of 8000 years ago up to the present days.

Lesson 3 What genre is this picture?


Classwork

Homework

Homework

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1 Complete the text with the words.

2 Write the questions to the text in Activity 2. Answer them.

4) The State Museum of History of Uzbeki- stan, Tashkent

d) In the museum there are more than 7,000 objects of applied art: handmade embroidery, duppis, jewellery, carpets and other exhibits.

a) founded b) instruments c) presented d) storeys e) centre f) paintings g) things

The State Museum of the Temurids’ history is in the (1) ... of Tashkent. It has more than five thousand (2) ... of that period. The museum was (3) ... in 1996 to celebrate the 660th anniversary of Amir Temur’s birthday. The building of the museum has an unusual shape - the shape of a dome - in accordance with the local style. The Amir Temur Museum has three (4) ... . The second and third storeys are about the Temurids’ history. The walls of the halls have (5) ... describing Amir Temur’s life and pictures from the country’s history from ancient times till the present. The important exhibits of the museum are (6) ... by gold decorations, clothes of war leaders and soldiers, musical instruments, astronomical (7) ... of Ulugbek and other things. Every year thousands of tourists visit the Amir Temur Museum.

1) were/What/famous/Uzbek/craftsmen/for?2) did/What/images/the craftsmen/to decorate/in the/use/buildings/9th century? Why?3) formed/Uzbek/lacquer/miniature/painting/When/was?4) famous/is/Ahmad Donish/What/for?5) What/favourite/are/subjects/paintings/of/Uzbek/miniature?6) miniature/painting/Uzbek/Does/belong/to/applied art/or/fine art? Why?

4a Work in pairs. Listen to the dialogue and write about favourite art style, artist or picture.

art style favourite artist/picture what museum/when it was founded

Nilufar e.g. modern art

Abror

Complete the text. Choose the correct word.My name is Catalina. I think it is interest ing to find art in our life. I really enjoy (1) going/go to the cinema, art galleries or museums, and try to (2) understanding/understand what the artist (3) want/wants to tell us. I am not a very (4) create/creative person. The art I like most is (5) photography/photos. Some years ago I went to a photography course and learned some things about it and about the cameras. But one day my camera (6) brakes/broke down. Of course, my parents did not buy me a new one. I continue taking photos

with my mobile phone, but these photos are not very (7) good/well. Many of my friends also love photography, and sometimes we go out to take photos together.One more thing I like is writing. I think that it is very interesting to share your feelings with other people. I usually write when I am sad or happy, when I am full of feelings.I think that art is something that (8) needs/helps us to share our feelings with other people and to (9) create/understand other people’s feelings.


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Classwork and homeworkLesson 4 What’s your favourite picture?

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2b Listen to the interview with a famous artist of Uzbe - kistan. Choose the correct answer to the questions.

1) What are you looking for and what are you trying to find in your creative work? a) I think that every creative person should waste some time.b) I think that every creative person should try to find himself.

2) What are you working at now?a) I am working at the picture of a woman with a child.b) I am working at the picture of an angel.

3) Your works are full of love, aren’t they?a) I am always taking portraits of beautiful women.b) I try to have a deeper look into the person’s character to show my feelings.

4) Every artist has his own secret symbols in his works. Please, share the secret of your symbols with us.

Match the symbols to explanations.1) Bread a) life and youth 2) Apple b) purity3) Fish c) God

5) Do you often go to other countries? What country was the most interesting?I changed my surname in ...a) Venice b) India

6) And what helps you create your works?It is Uzbekistan. Because ...a) the people and the language are spe - cial here.b) women wear white headscarves.

7) What is important for developing fine arts in Uzbekistan?a) I want to develop the European fine art school in Uzbekistan.b) I want to bring back the knowledge of the ancient oriental traditions to fine arts of Uzbekistan.Homework

1 Choose a picture and write a review. You can use any other picture.

2 Use the correct word. Make any changes you need.

A woman peeling apples (1663) by Pieter de Hooch

Khiva girl by Pavel Benkov (1931)

French country landscape by Jean-

Marc Janiaczyk (was born in 1966)

Mountain settlement Brichmulla by Vladimir

Petrov (1920-1997)

analyzing genre painting: analyzing landscapes:

1) Is this a true story or unreal?2) What is happening at this moment?3) What can we say about the charac-

ters?4) What is your opinion about this

painting?

1) What does it look like?2) What is in the foreground/ middle

ground/background? (place, season)3) What are the colours? What atmosphere do they make? 4) What is your opinion about this painting?

1) This is a ... cotton shirt.2) You can see the ... of the water here.3) A pigeon is a ... of peace.4) The Olympic torch ... peace and friendship in the world.

5) This artist ... a lot of beautiful pictures.6) Only talented people make ... things.

purity/pure, symbol/symbolize, create/creative

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Classwork and homeworkLesson 5 Do modern sculptures have meaning?

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Homework1 Complete the sentences with the words.

2 Write the sentences in Passive or Active voice.

1) In Madame Tussaud’s, you must not touch the wax figures.

2) A lot of celebrities visit Madame Tussaud’s.3) Inside Madame Tussaud’s, you can have a

conversation with the wax figures.4) Marie Tussaud learnt how to make wax

models in France.

Many people like to see celebrities; but celebrities do not usually like being looked at – at least, not all day every day! There is, however, one place in England where you can look at celebrities every day: this is Madame Tussaud’s, the most popular tourist attraction in London. On most days of the year, queues of visitors can be seen outside Madame Tussaud’s, all wanting to get in and see some of the most famous people in the world – kings and queens, politicians, stars, and even famous criminals.

They are all inside, just waiting to be look ed at or talked to. If you like, you can talk to film stars and politicians in Madame Tus saud’s, but they won’t say anything to you, because they can’t! Madame Tussaud’s is a waxworks museum, and the “famous people” in the building are really made out of wax.

Marie Tussaud was born in Strasbourg in 1765. As a child she learned how to make wax models of people, and later went to Paris. Then, in 1802, she moved to England, going round the country with her exhibition of wax figures. In 1835 (aged 70!), she

4a Work in pairs. Read and write T for True, F for False and NG for Not Given.

finally settled in London. The most popular figures in the exhibition are royalty and stars. Princess Diana has been the most favourite for several years, and other popular figures include Tony Blair, David Beckham, Brad Pitt and Elvis Presley.

At Madame Tussaud’s, it is only the very famous who get a place in the exhibition. That is not surprising really; it takes about six months to create a realistic wax model. A wax figure costs over £40,000 to make – a lot of money!

5) If you want to visit Madame Tus-saud’s, you have to buy a ticket.

6) If you don’t like long queues, you should visit the exhibition in winter.

7) Most days visitors must stand in a long queue.

8) The wax figures are very expensive.

painted, painting (x2), paints, paintings

1) He always uses bright colours in his ... .2) We were taught ... and drawing at art college.3) We have ... the bedroom blue.4) She was ... her fingernails.5) He usually ... in watercolours.

Active voice Passive voice

Marie Tussaud made a lot of wax models.

e.g. A lot of wax models were made by Marie Tussaud.

The Forsyte Saga was writ ten by John Galsworthy.

Thomas Gainsborough painted a lot of pictures.

The Great Canyon is visited by many tourists every year.

V.Petrov painted Mountain settlement Brichmulla.

Who was this poem written by?

You can even see the Beatles.... as they were in the 1960’s!


Our environment includes both natural and man-made things. Natural things are divided into two types: living things and non-living things. All man-made things are non-living because they do not have life.

Human environment is a man-made en-vironment. It was (1) ... by humans for their needs. Before (2) ... appeared, humans lived in the natural environment. They had an environment-friendly life. With time, their (3) ... grew and grew. Humans learnt new ways to change their environment for their needs.

They learnt to grow crops and animals, and build houses. They (4) ... the wheel, money, trade and business. Transportation became faster. It became possible after they had

humans, clothes, furniture, animals, paper, plants, books, cars, stones, buses, birds, fish, mushrooms, trains, minerals, air, ships, soil, airplanes

Lesson 1 Mother Nature

Lesson 2 What are the alternative sources to fossil fuels?

UNIT 9 THE ENVIRONMENT

1 Read and complete the table.

2 Read and complete the sentences with the words.

energy sources modern, old dangerous, running out,

expensive, cheap

wind power e.g. old

fossil fuels

nuclear power

solar power

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natural things man-made things

e.g. humans e.g. clothes

invented new technologies. Communication became easier and fast across the world. They formed a man-made (5) ... .

We need a balance between the natural and man-made environment. If we use the natural (6) ... wisely, we can have a heal-thy balance. We should use our resources wisely and learn to save them. Natural re-sources like wood, minerals, water and air are important for (7) ... . If we do not use them wisely, we may run out of them one day. We should think about our (8) ... .

life, needs, ecosystem, changed, future, invented, technology, sources

Read and match the titles and the texts.a) Chemicals cause water and soil pollutionb) Future rise in pricesc) Less foodd) Bad for farminge) High cost of production Disadvantages of Biofuels

2c Listen to the text one more time and complete the table about the sources of energy.

1) Even though there are lots of advantages in bio fuels, they are expensive to produce. Such a disadvantage is a reason why bio-fuels are not becoming more popular.

2) The crops and plants which are grown year after year on the same fields make the soil poor.

3) Crops for biofuels need chemicals to grow better. But use of chemicals is bad for the environment and may cause water pollution. Chemicals can be washed away from fields to lakes or rivers. Production of

biofuels also uses a lot of water which is not good for local water resources.

4) Biofuels are taken from plants and crops that have high levels of sugar. That is why these crops are also used as food by people and animals.

5) Now, the prices of biofuels is higher than fossil fuels. Biofuels take some agricultural space from other crops, which can cause a global rise in food prices. Constantly rising prices may make the use of biofuels difficult for the economy.


e.g. Turn off lights in any room if there is nobody there.

e.g. When I open the refrigerator door, I try to quickly shut it to keep the cold air in and save energy.

Lesson 3 Our green planet

Lesson 4 Global climate change

Lesson 5 How can we help improve the world?

1 Read activity 4b and add three more examples.

2 Write about what your family does to save energy.

Homework

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4a Work in pairs. Look at the pictures. Listen and complete the table with years and natural disasters.

place time natural disaster damage reason

China e.g. 1931 flood; long dry period

4 million people died

A long dry period without rain; hunger; floods; illnesses

Europe

East Africa

Australia

5 Work in pairs. Think what people can do to reduce climate change. Complete the table. Use mustn’t, could, may, should, shouldn’t.

1 Complete the sentences. Use very or really.

2 Match the adjectives which have similar meaning.

3 Look at the table in activity 5. Write sentences.

problems actions we can take

1) People burn old leaves. It (1) ... give CO2 gas to the air.2) People burn hay in the fields. It (3) ... start fires.3) Birds and homeless animals in winter do not have food. They (5) ... die.4) We use a lot of spray for body and hair. It creates greenhouse gas.

1) We (2) ... burn old leaves.

2) We (4) ... burn hay. 3) We (6) ... feed the birds in winter.

4) We (7) ... use it much. We (8) ... use other hygiene things.

1) We had a ... fantastic time. 2) The food was ... delicious. 3) There was a ... interesting article on climate change in the paper yesterday. 4) There was a ... unpleasant smell coming from the kitchen. 5) Mr. Graham was ... surprised to find 46 ... ancient gold coins inside the pot. 6) They have always been ... friendly to me.

1) freezing a) bad 2) delicious b) interesting 3) boiling c) hot4) awful, terrible d) cold

e.g. If people burn old leaves, more harmful CO2 gas will be produced. We mustn’t do it.

e.g. Buy cardboard boxes instead of plastic bottles.

5) ancient e) sad 6) great, fantastic, amazing, wonderful f) good7) exciting g) old8) miserable h) tasty

Write five tips to use less plastic.

Lesson 1 Ancient theatres

Lesson 2 He asked her to say ...


Classwork

Classwork

Classwork

1 Complete the sentences with the words. Translate the sentences.

1 Write the sentences in Reported Speech. 2 Answer the questions.

2 Write about any puppet show you have ever been to. Use the questions.

stage directions, scenes, stage set, acts, dialogue1) A play is divided into several ... .2) Each act is divided into several ... .3) What the actors say is the ... .

e.g. She often asked me to stay for lunch.1) She often said to me, “Could you stay for lunch?”2) The doctor said to me, “Stop smoking!”3) I said politely, “Please, make less noise.”4) She will certainly say to her sister, “Please help me with my homework.” 5) “Get out of the car!” said the policeman.

1) When did you go?2) What dolls were there: glove puppets or marionettes?

Lesson 3 Cinema or theatre?

UNIT 10 ALL THE WORLD’S A STAGE

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4a Work in pairs. Listen and complete the table about Uzbekistan.

When was it formed? Clothes?

Who speaks and operates

a doll?

What are per-formances

about?

What do puppets

do?

Popular now?

Uzbek puppet show

e.g. 4th century BC

Uzbek national

Japanese Bunraku

e.g. 17th century

4) The ... is the furniture and decoration on the stage.5) The ... tell the actors how to speak, where to move, etc.

3) What was the play about? Who were the characters?4) Did you like the show? Why?/Why not?

4 Listen and write the sentences in Reported Speech.

1) Albina (to her friend): e.g. Albina asked her friend to visit her at hospital.2) Teacher (to the pupils): _______________3) Director (to the pupils): ________________

4) Sasha (to his mother): ______________5) Mother (to her child): ______________6) Alisher (to his sister): _______________

1) Do you think Pygmalion is a comedy or tragedy? Why do you think so?2) Would you like to see this play? Why? /Why not?

3a Listen and write if the speaker likes the theatre or cinema.

Speaker Likes theatre or cinema Why?

1 e.g. theatre a) ... because it makes her want to cry.b) ... it makes her happy.


1a Write down the new words. Look them up.

1b Read the letter and rewrite it. Make it negative. Use the words.

1 Change the sentences from Reported Speech into Direct Speech.2 Look at the fact file and write about the actor.

Lesson 4 Great playwrights

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1) He asked his son to bring him a glass of water.2) The old woman ordered David to get out of her garden.3) The man told them to look around.4) Adrian asked Susan to listen to him.

2 a) ... tickets are not cheap but there is always a theatre next to you.b) ... there is popcorn and cola; you can wear casual clothes.

3 a) ... it connects us to our childhood.b) ... it invented a campfire.

4 a) ... theatre is not passive. It needs imagination.b) ... it does not need work and participation from the audience.

5 a) ... uses images and actions to communicate with the audience.b) ... uses boring dialogues and makes you fall asleep.

6 a) ... makes him happy to watch beautiful stories.b) ... can make beautiful stories and tell them to his audience through beautiful images.

a matinee, the stalls, the balcony

the balcony, tragedy, cried, expensive, little time, evening performance, awful, unhappy, by taxi, bad seats, theatre glasses, sad scenes, windy and cold, badly

Dear Ann, Thank you for your letter. It was interesting to know that you have vi sited “The Globe” theatre in London which is so famous in the world. Last Saturday my friend invited me to go to the theatre to watch a new comedy. I agreed because I like theatre and the weather was won derful. It was cloudy but warm. We went by bus because we had a lot of time. It was a matinee and the tickets were cheap. We bought tickets in the box office, and we had good seats in the stalls. We could see the stage very well. There were a lot of funny scenes in the performance, and we laughed a lot. The comedy made us feel happy.Write me soon about the play you have seen.LoveNigora

Name: Sir Ian Murray McKellen Age: born 25 May 1939Job: an English actorGenres: from Shakespearean and modern theatre to popular fantasy and science fictionAwards: six Laurence Olivier Awards, a Tony Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a BIF Award, two Saturn Awards, four Drama Desk Awards, and two Critics' Choice AwardsFamous film roles: The King in Richard III (1995), James Whale in Gods and Monsters (1998), Magneto in the X-Men films, Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit films.

Classwork and homeworkLesson 5 At the theatre

1 Write a dialogue.

2 Design the stage set. Think about what can be put on the stage.

3 Write stage directions. Write how the characters will say their words and how they will move.

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Get ready to perform a play. Choose a live perfor mance or a puppet show. Choose a play. You can use a story about the Hodja, a tale, a legend, or a short scene from a film.

Unskilled birdOne day the Hodja wanted to eat peaches and he saw

a garden full of peach trees. So he climbed up the tree and began to eat them, one after the other.

But the Hodja was an unlucky man. While he was eating, the keeper of the garden came. The Hodja hid behind the branches, but the man heard something moving and shouted:

“Who is there?”The Hodja was afraid and sang like a bird. The man shouted: “You, come down, a bird doesn’t sing like that!”“What didn’t you like?” shouted the Hodja. “Can a young and an unskilled

bird sing better than this?”

A long time ago when tobacco had just appeared in the Caucasus, there lived at the foot of a high mountain a wise old man. He took a dislike to tobacco and tried to persuade others not to smoke it.

Once a group of foreign merchants came to the village where the old man lived to sell tobacco. They tried hard to make the old man support them, but they could not.

One day the old man saw that a crowd of people had gathered round the merchants who were shouting: “O divine leaf, o divine leaf, which cures all ailments!”

Then the wise man said: “But that is not all! This divine leaf brings people other advantages: no thief will enter the house of a man who smokes, no dog will bite him, and he will never grow old”.

The merchants looked at him with joy. “Explain your words to us, o wise old man,” they asked him.

“No thief will enter the house of a man who smokes,” he replied, “because that man will be coughing all night, and no thief likes to go into the house of one who is awake. After several years of smoking a man will grow weak and will walk with a stick. Will a dog bite a man with a stick? Last, he will never grow old because he will die in his youth.”

On hearing these words, the peasants went off, determined never to smoke.

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1) Ñëîâîîáðàçîâàíèå: ñóôôèêñû -tion, -ion, -er, -orÂ àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå íåêîòîðûå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå îáðàçîâàíû îò ãëàãîëîâ ïðè ïîìîùè òàêèõ

ñóôôèêñîâ, êàê -tion, -ion, -er, -or. Íàïðèìåð: collect + ion = collection suggest + ion = suggestion instruct + ion = instruction teach + er = teacher direct + or = director è ò. ä.

Êîãäà ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå îáðàçîâàíû òàêèì ñïîñîáîì, íåìàÿ ‘å’ â êîíöå ñëîâ âûïàäàåò. Íàïðèìåð: celebrate + ion = celebration decorate + ion = decoration educate + ion = education congratulate + ion = congratulation illuminate + ion = illumination bake + er = baker è ò. ä.

Èíîãäà íåìàÿ ‘å’ ìåíÿåòñÿ íà ‘a’ èëè ‘i’. Íàïðèìåð: continue + tion = continuation declare + tion = declaration imagine + tion = imagination invite + ion = invitation compete + tion = competition è ò. ä.

2) Ôðàçîâûå ãëàãîëû (Phrasal verbs)Ôðàçîâûå ãëàãîëû â îñíîâíîì èñïîëüçóþòñÿ â ðàçãîâîðíîì àíãëèéñêîì è íåôîðìàëüíûõ

òåêñòàõ. ×åì ôîðìàëüíåå ðàçãîâîð èëè òåêñò, òåì ìåíüøå âñòðå÷àþòñÿ ôðàçîâûå ãëàãîëû.Ôðàçîâûå ãëàãîëû ñîñòîÿò èç ãëàãîëà è ÷àñòèöû (ïðåäëîã, íàðå÷èå). ×àñòèöà ìîæåò

ïîëíîñòüþ èçìåíèòü çíà÷åíèå ãëàãîëà, íàïðèìåð:look up – èñêàòü (â ñëîâàðå, ñïðàâî÷íèêå è ò. ï.) (look a word up in a dictionary)look for – èñêàòü ÷òî-ë., êîãî-ë. (look for her ring)look forward – ïðåäâêóøàòü (÷òî-ë.); îæèäàòü (÷åãî-ë.) ñ óäîâîëüñòâèåì/íåòåðïåíèåì (look

forward to meeting someone)Íåò êîíêðåòíûõ ïðàâèë, êîòîðûå ìîãëè áû îáúÿñíèòü, êàê ôðàçîâûå ãëàãîëû ôîðìèðóþòñÿ

ïðàâèëüíî. Ïîýòîìó, ëó÷øå íàéòè èõ â õîðîøåì ñëîâàðå è èçó÷èòü èõ çíà÷åíèÿ.

3) Íàðå÷èÿ ñòåïåíè: very, too, quite è ò. ä.Íåêîòîðûå íàðå÷èÿ ñòåïåíè ñòîÿò ïåðåä íàðå÷èÿìè è ïðèëàãàòåëüíûìè è îïðåäåëÿþò èõ.Îíè ïîìîãàþò âûðàçèòü ñòåïåíü íàðå÷èÿ è ïðèëàãàòåëüíîãî. Íàïðèìåð, äîìàøíÿÿ ðàáîòà

ìîæåò áûòü áîëåå èëè ìåíåå òðóäíîé, àâòîìîáèëü ìîæåò åõàòü áûñòðåå èëè ìåäëåííåå è ò. ä. ×òîáû îïðåäåëèòü ñòåïåíü íàðå÷èÿ, èñïîëüçóþòñÿ òàêèå ñëîâà è âûðàæåíèÿ: too, very, quite, a little, a bit, not very è ò. ä. Íàïðèìåð:

This car runs very fast. It is very helpful.This task is quite difficult.

4) Íàðå÷èÿ âûðàæàþùåå âåðîÿòíîñòè: certainly, probablyÝòè ñëîâà èñïîëüçóþòñÿ òîãäà, êîãäà ìû õîòèì ñêàçàòü, íàñêîëüêî ìû óâåðåíû â ÷åì-ëèáî.

Îíè ñòîÿò ïåðåä ñìûñëîâûì ãëàãîëîì, íî ïîñëå âñïîìîãàòåëüíîãî èëè ìîäàëüíîãî ãëàãîëà. Íàïðèìåð: You are probably right. He is probably coming. They will certainly be there.

5) Ñðàâíåíèå: (not) the same as ... è different from ...Êîãäà äâà ïðåäìåòà ñõîæè äðóã ñ äðóãîì, ìû ãîâîðèì, ÷òî îäèí ïðåäìåò òàêîé æå, êàê è

äðóãîé (the same as). Íàïðèìåð: Your shirt is the same colour as mine. This movie is the same as this one. It is boring.Âûðàæåíèå not the same…as óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ, ÷òîáû ñêàçàòü, ÷òî äâà ïðåäìåòà îòëè÷àþòñÿ

äðóã îò äðóãà. Íàïðèìåð:The size of newspapers in Uzbekistan is not the same as the size in the UK.Òàêæå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ âûðàæåíèå different from ..., ÷òîáû ñêàçàòü î ðàçëè÷èÿõ â ïðåäìåòàõ.

Íàïðèìåð: The size of newspapers in Uzbekistan is different from the size in the UK.

6) Ïðÿìàÿ è êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷üÑóùåñòâóþò äâà ñïîñîáà ïåðåäà÷è ÷óæîé ðå÷è:1) ïðè ïîìîùè ïðÿìîé ðå÷è, êîãäà ìû òî÷íî âîñïðîèçâîäèì ñêàçàííîå;2) ïðè ïîìîùè êîñâåííîé ðå÷è, êîãäà ìû âîñïðîèçâîäèì òîëüêî îñíîâíîé ñìûñë ñêàçàííîãî,

èñïîëüçóÿ ñëîâà àâòîðà ñ óïîòðåáëåíèåì èçìåíåííûõ ìåñòîèìåíèé, âðåìåíè è äðóãèõ íåîáõîäèìûõ ñëîâ. Íàïðèìåð: ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü: She says, “I am a little bit nervous.”

êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: She says that she is a little bit nervous.

Ãðàììàòè÷åñêèé ñïðàâî÷íèê(Äëÿ ó÷èòåëåé)

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Â ïåðâîì ïðåäëîæåíèè ãîâîðÿùèé ïåðåäàåò ñîîáùåíèå äåâóøêè, èñïîëüçóÿ åå íàñòîÿùèå ñëîâà (“I am a little bit nervous.”). À âî âòîðîì ïðåäëîæåíèè ãîâîðÿøèé ïåðåäàåò åå ñîîáùåíèå, íî ñâîèìè ñëîâàìè, áåç êàêèõ-ëèáî èçìåíåíèé ñìûñëà ñîîáùåíèÿ.

Ëè÷íûå è ïðèòÿæàòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ, èñïîëüçóåìûå â ïðÿìîé ðå÷è, ìîãóò ìåíÿòüñÿ â êîñâåííîé ðå÷è ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì:

6.1. Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü äëÿ ðåàëüíûõ ñîáûòèéÅñëè ñîáûòèÿ, î êîòîðûõ ãîâîðèò àâòîð, ðåàëüíû è ñèòóàöèÿ íå èçìåíèëàñü, â êîñâåííîé

ðå÷è íåò íåîáõîäèìîñòè èçìåíèòü âðåìÿ ãëàãîëà. Ýòîò ãëàãîë ìîæåò áûòü â ëþáîì âðåìåíè, ò. å. â íàñòîÿùåì, ïðîøëîì èëè áóäóùåì. Íàïðèìåð:

ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü: He says, “I am ill.” ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü: She says, “I sang a song.”êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: He says that he is ill. êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: She says that she sang a song.ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü: You say, “I’ll visit London.”êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: You say that you will visit London.

6.2. Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè (Past Simple)Ïîñëå ñëîâ àâòîðà (said, told, answered è ò. ä.) ìîãóò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ãëàãîëû ïðîøåäøåãî

âðåìåíè. Íàïðèìåð: ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü: Akmal, “I’m strong.” êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: Akmal said he was strong.Çäåñü ñîáûòèÿ â ðå÷è Àêìàëÿ áûëè ðåàëüíû â ïðîøëîì, íî òàê êàê âðåìÿ ïðîøëî è íåêîòîðûå

ñîáûòèÿ ìîãëè èçìåíèòüñÿ è îí, âîçìîæíî, óæå íå òàêîé ñèëüíûé, êàêèì áûë. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè â êîñâåííîé ðå÷è ïîêàçûâàåò, êàêèìè ñîáûòèÿ áûëè â ïðîøëîì.

Âîçìîæíûå èçìåíåíèÿ ïðè çàìåíå ïðÿìîé ðå÷è êîñâåííîé:Ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷üãëàãîëû íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè ãëàãîëû ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíèãëàãîëû íàñòîÿùåãî äëèòåëüíîãî âðåìåíè ãëàãîëû ïðîøåäøåãî äëèòåëüíîãî âðåìåíè am/is wasare werewill woulddo/does didtoday that daytonight that nightnow thentomorrow the next dayhere therethese thosethis that

Â òîì ñëó÷àå åñëè ñîáûòèÿ âñå åùå ðåàëüíû â íàñòîÿùåì, òî ìîæíî ñêàçàòü:ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü: Akmal said, “I am strong.”êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: Akmal said that he is strong.

6.3. Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü ñ ñîþçîì thatÑîþç that óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ â êîñâåííîé ðå÷è ïîñëå ñëîâ àâòîðà, ÷òîáû ñîåäèíèòü ñëîâà àâòîðà

ñ ìûñëÿìè, ñëîâàìè ãîâîðÿùåãî. Ïîñëå ñëîâ àâòîðà ñ íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûìè ãëàãîëàìè said, told ìîæåò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ

ñîþç that, íî ìîæåò è îïóñêàòüñÿ. Íàïðèìåð:He said (that) he was reading novels.She told me (that) she didn’t have any money.Íî ñ äðóãèìè ãëàãîëàìè â ñëîâàõ àâòîðà ñîþç that íå ìîæåò îïóñêàòüñÿ. Íàïðèìåð: He replied that he didn’t know about that.

Ëè÷íûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ Ïðèòÿæàòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿïðÿìàÿ êîñâåííàÿ ïðÿìàÿ êîñâåííàÿ

Iweyou

s/he, it, they

s/hetheyI/we

s/he, it, they

myouryourtheir

his/hertheir

our/theirtheir

ÃÐÀÌÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÑÏÐÀÂÎ×ÍÈÊ

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×èòàéòå î êîñâåííîé ðå÷è ñ ïðîøåäøèì ñîâåðøåííûì âðåìåíåì â ïóíêòå 8.×èòàéòå î ïîâåëèòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ â êîñâåííîé ðå÷è â ïóíêòå 22.

7) Ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ (Past Perfect)Ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ âûðàæàåò çàêîí÷åííîå äåéñòâèå â ïðîøëîì. Íàïðèìåð: I played tennis yesterday.Íî åñëè ìû õîòèì ðàññêàçàòü î ñîáûòèÿõ, êîòîðûå ïðîèçîøëè ðàíüøå ýòîãî âðåìåíè, ìû

èñïîëüçóåì ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ (Past Perfect). Íàïðèìåð:Before I played tennis, I had done my homework.×òîáû ðàññêàçàòü î äâóõ äåéñòâèÿõ, ñîáûòèÿõ, êîòîðûå ïðîèçîøëè îäèí çà äðóãèì,

èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ñëåäóþùèå ñîþçû âðåìåíè: when, after, as soon as è ò. ä. Íàïðèìåð:When I had eaten, I began watching TV.After I had watched TV, I started reading.As soon as I had finished reading, I went to bed.Ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ èìååò ñëåäóþùóþ ñòðóêòóðó:

Óòâåðäèòåëüíàÿ ôîðìà:Subject (ïîäëåæàùåå) + had + past participle (ïðè÷àñòèå ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè) + object

(äîïîëíåíèå)

Îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ôîðìà:Subject + had not + past participle + object

Âîïðîñèòåëüíàÿ ôîðìà:Had + Subject + past participle + object

Ïðè÷àñòèå ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè (the Past Participle) — ýòî òðåòüÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëîâ. Ïðè÷àñòèå ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè ìîæåò áûòü âûðàæåíî ïðàâèëüíûì è íåïðàâèëüíûì

ãëàãîëîì. Ïðè÷àñòèÿ ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè ïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ, èìåþò òàêóþ æå ôîðìó, ÷òî è ãëàãîëû ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè ïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ. (Ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ ïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ — finished/opened/talked è ò. ä.)

Ïðè÷àñòèÿ ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè íåïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ, èìåþò ðàçíûå ôîðìû. (Íàïðèìåð, lost/been/gone/broken/had è ò. ä.)

Ñì. ôîðìû ïðè÷àñòèÿ ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè íåïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ íà ñòð. 127.

8) Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü ñ ïðîøåäøèì ñîâåðøåííûì âðåìåíåì (Past Perfect)Åñëè ãîâîðÿùèé èñïîëüçóåò â ñâîåé ðå÷è íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå (Present Perfect) èëè

ïðîñòîå ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ (Past Simple), òî ïðè ïåðåäà÷å åãî ñëîâ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ (Past Perfect). Íàïðèìåð:

ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü: I enjoyed the film very much.êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: He said he had enjoyed the film very much.

ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü: I have finished my work.êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: He said he had finished his work.Ñëåäóþùèå èçìåíåíèÿ ìîãóò ïðîèñõîäèòü ïðè çàìåíå ïðÿìîé ðå÷è êîñâåííîé:

{

{

{

{

{

{

{

{

{

I/we/you/theyhe/she/it



the book

the book

the book

had (I’d, we’d, you’d,they’d, he’d, she’d, it’d)

had not (hadn’d)

Had

finishedlostread

finishedlostread

finishedlostread

Ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷üPast Simple

watchedPresent Perfecthas watched

yesterday

Past Perfecthad watchedPast Perfecthad watched

that day

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9) Ñòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã íàñòîÿøåãî è ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè (Present Passive and Past Passive)

Ñóùåñòâóåò äâà âèäà çàëîãîâ: äåéñòâèòåëüíûé (active verb) è ñòðàäàòåëüíûé (passive verb). Äåéñòâèòåëüíûé çàëîã ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî ïðåäìåò/÷åëîâåê ñàì âûïîëíÿåò äåéñòâèå, íàïðèìåð:

Somebody cleans this room every day.Â äàííîì ñëó÷àå Somebody – ýòî ïîäëåæàùåå, âûïîëíÿþùåå îïðåäåëåííîå äåéñòâèå,

âûðàæåííîå ãëàãîëîì äåéñòâèòåëüíîãî çàëîãà.

Ñòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî íàä ïðåäìåòîì/÷åëîâåêîì âûïîëíÿåòñÿ äåéñòâèå:

This room is cleaned every day.Â ýòîì ñëó÷àå This room ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîäëåæàùèì, íà êîòîðîå íàïðàâëåíî äåéñòâèå, âûðàæåííîå

ãëàãîëîì ñòðàäàòåëüíîãî çàëîãà.

Ñòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè îáðàçóåòñÿ ñëåäóþùåì îáðàçîì:

ïîäëåæàùåå + am/is/are + ïðè÷àñòèå ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè

Ñòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè îáðàçóåòñÿ ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì:

ïîäëåæàùåå + was/were + ïðè÷àñòèå ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè

Íàïðèìåð: The State museum of Fine Arts was founded in 1918. Works of art were added to the collection.Â ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ñòðàäàòåëü íîãî

çàëîãà ïðè óêàçàíèè èñïîëíèòåëÿ äåéñòâèÿ óïîòðåáëÿ-

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Àìåðèêàíñêèé âàðèàíò

Áðèòàíñêèé âàðèàíò

organizespecializerealizetheatercenterpractice (v)auto parkprogramtraveledcanceledsubwayencyclopediacolor

organisespecialiserealisetheatrecentrepractise (v)car parkprogrammetravelledcancelledunderground, tubeencyclopaediacolour

åòñÿ ïðåäëîã bó. Íàïðèìåð: In the morning the letters are collected by postmen.

The letters are sorted by machines.(Ïðè÷àñòèÿ ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè (past parti ciple)

íåïðàâèëü íûõ ãëàãîëîâ ïðèâåäåíû â òàá ëèöå íà ñòð. 127).

10) Àìåðèêàíñêîå è áðèòàíñêîå ïðàâî ïèñàíèåÑóùåñòâóåò ìíîãî ðàçëè÷èé â ïðàâîïèñàíèè àìåðè-

êàíñêîãî è áðèòàíñêîãî âàðèàíòîâ. Â ïðèâåäåííîé òàá-ëèöå äàþòñÿ íåêîòîðûå ïðèìåðû ýòèõ ðàçëè÷èé.

11) Ñëîæíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿÑëîæíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ îáû÷íî ñîñòîÿò èç äâóõ ïðîñòûõ

ïðåäëîæåíèé: ãëàâíîãî è ïðèäàòî÷ íîãî. Ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå äîïîëíÿåò ãëàâíîå è îáû÷íî óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ñ ñîþçàìè because, if, that èëè ñ ñîþçíûìè ñëîâàìè, íà÷èíàþùèìèñÿ c wh-. Ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ìîãóò ñòîÿòü äî èëè ïîñëå ãëàâíîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ. Åñëè ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ñòîèò ïîñëå ãëàâíîãî, òî çàïÿòàÿ íå ñòàâèòñÿ, à åñëè ïåðåä ãëàâíûì, òî çàïÿòàÿ ñòàâèòñÿ. Íàïðèìåð:

When you came, everybody was reading. (çàïÿòàÿ)Everybody was reading when you came. (íåò çàïÿòîé)Because he was ill, he couldn’t go to school. (çàïÿòàÿ)I didn’t have my breakfast because I got up late. (íåò çàïÿòîé)

I think/believe/know that ...Ìíîãèå ãëàãîëû (íàïðèìåð: think, believe, know è ò. ä.) îïèñûâàþò ìûñëè è ÷óâñòâà ëþäåé.

Â ñëîæíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå ñî ñëîâîì that ñòîèò ïîñëå ýòèõ ãëàãîëîâ. Íàïðèìåð: I know that the task’s difficult. I think that it’s already time to go. I believe that he’s a good man.

Èíîãäà that íå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ. Íàïðèìåð: I think it’s already time to go. I believe he’s a good man.

12) Óñëîâíûå ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ñ ñîþçîì ifÂ àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ñóùåñòâóþò ðàçíûå âèäû óñëîâíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèé. Îíè èñïîëüçóþòñÿ,

÷òîáû ñêàçàòü î ñîáûòèÿõ, êîòîðûå, âîçìîæíî, ìîãëè áû ïðîèçîéòè, èëè î âîçìîæíûõ ðåçóëü-òàòàõ ýòèõ ñîáûòèé.


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12.1. Íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ (Present Simple) èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â ãëàâíîì ïðåäëîæåíèè è â óñëîâíîì ïðèäàòî÷íîì, êîãäà ðå÷ü èäåò î ÷åì-òî ðåàëüíîì èëè î òîì, ÷òî ÷àñòî ïðîèñõîäèò. Íàïðèìåð:

If you heat ice, it melts.If it is holiday, pupils usually don’t go to school.12.2. Êîãäà â óñëîâíîì ïðèäàòî÷íîì ïðåäëîæåíèè èñïîëüçóåòñÿ íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ (Present

Simple), òî â ãëàâíîì ïðåäëîæåíèè ãëàãîëû ÷àùå âñåãî ñòîÿò â ïîâåëèòåëüíîì íàêëîíåíèè. Íàïðèìåð:If you want to join our club, send information about yourself.If he comes, phone me immediately.12.3. Åñëè ðå÷ü èäåò î âîçìîæíûõ ñîáûòèÿõ â áóäóùåì, òîãäà â óñëîâíîì ïðèäàòî÷íîì

ïðåäëîæåíèè íóæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ (Present Simple), à â ãëàâíîì ïðåäëîæåíèè — áóäóùåå (Future Simple). Íàïðèìåð:

If I come late, I’ll let you know.We will go for a walk, if the weather is good tomorrow.12.4. Â óñëîâíîì ïðèäàòî÷íîì ïðåäëîæåíèè íóæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü ïðîñòîå ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ

(Past Simple), à â ãëàâíîì ïðåäëîæåíèè — would + infinitive (áåç ÷àñòèöû to), åñëè èäåò ðå÷ü î íåðåàëüíûõ èëè âîîáðàæàåìûõ ñîáûòèÿõ. Íàïðèìåð:

If I had a lot of money, I would buy my family a new house.We would talk more, if you came earlier.Â óñëîâíîì ïðèäàòî÷íîì ïðåäëîæåíèè ïîñëå ñîþçà if èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ãëàãîë were âìåñòî was.Íàïðèìåð: It’s a pity. If I were you, I wouldn’t miss the football and would find some time in the

evening for the homework.

13) Feel + ïðèëàãàòåëüíîåFeel èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ñ ëè÷íûìè ìåñòîèìåíèÿìè (I, you è ò. ä.), à ïîñëå feel íóæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü

ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå. Íàïðèìåð:I feel bored. She feels happy when she meets her friend.

14) Make + äîïîëíåíèå + ãëàãîë/ïðèëàãàòåëüíîåÏîñëå make + äîïîëíåíèå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ãëàãîë áåç ÷àñòèöû to èëè ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå. Íàïðèìåð: It makes me (you, him, her, us, them) feel sad.What kind of music makes you happy/relaxed?Íî â ñòðàäàòåëüíîì çàëîãå, òî åñòü âî ôðàçå be made to do something, èñïîëüçóåòñÿ

ãëàãîë ñ ÷àñòèöåé to. Íàïðèìåð: These movies are made to frighten and make you scream and be afraid, very afraid!

15) Ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü: withWith, òàê æå êàê è ãëàãîë have, èñïîëüçóåòñÿ, ÷òîáû âûðàçèòü ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü. Íàïðèìåð:a big man with long hair (= a big man who has long hair)a short girl with green eyes (= a short girl who has green eyes)

16) Ïðåäëîæåíèÿ è ïðèãëàøåíèÿ: Would you like to ...?Would you like to ....? èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ñäåëàòü ÷òî-ëèáî. Íàïðèìåð: Would you like to go to the cinema with me?Îòâåò íà òàêîé âîïðîñ-ïðåäëîæåíèå ìîæåò áûòü I’d love to. èëè Sorry, I can’t.

17) Ìîäàëüíûé ãëàãîë may äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ âîçìîæíîñòèÌàó èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ, ÷òîáû ñêàçàòü î âîçìîæíûõ äåéñòâèÿõ â íàñòîÿùåì è

áóäóùåì. May not – îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ ôîðìà. Íàïðèìåð:I don’t know the answer to this question. Let’s ask Alex, he may know.It may rain tomorrow or may not.

18) Could be/might be/perhaps/may be/must beCould be/might be/perhaps/may be èñïîëüçóþòñÿ, ÷òîáû âûðàçèòü íåóâåðåííîñòü â ÷åì-

ëèáî è â òî æå âðåìÿ âûðàçèòü ïðåäïîëîæåíèå.Could be è might be èìåþò îäèíàêîâîå çíà÷åíèå (ìîæåò áûòü) è ìîãóò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ â

îäíîé è òîé æå ñèòóàöèè. Íàïðèìåð:

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19) Ñòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã ñ ìîäàëüíûìè ãëàãîëàìèÑòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã be + past participle (ïðè÷àñòèå ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè) ïîñëå

ìîäàëü íûõ ãëàãîëîâ ìîæåò èñ ïîëü çîâàòüñÿ â ðàçëè÷íûõ çíà÷åíèÿõ.May/might + be done, â îñíîâíîì èñïîëüçóþòñÿ, ÷òîáû ñêàçàòü î âîçìîæíûõ äåéñòâèÿõ â

ñòðàäàòåëüíîì çàëîãå. Íàïðèìåð:If we go there, we may/might be given a lot of tasks.Can/could + be done èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â îäíîì è òîì æå çíà÷åíèè êàê may/might + be done.

Íàïðèìåð: This book can/could be found everywhere.Must + be done îáîçíà÷àåò, ÷òî ÷òî-ëèáî ñîâåðøåííî íåîáõîäèìî ñäåëàòü. Íàïðèìåð:Your football must be finished by 5 o’clock.Should + be done îáîçíà÷àåò, ÷òî áûëî áû íå ïëîõî ÷òî-ëèáî ñäåëàòü.Should + be done èñïîëüçóåòñÿ âìåñòî must + be done, ÷òîáû îòäàâàòü ðàñïîðÿæåíèÿ â

âåæëèâîé ôîðìå. Íàïðèìåð:Your football should be finished by 5 o’clock.

20) The + ïðèëàãàòåëüíîåThe + ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ãðóïïû ëþäåé. Íàïðèìåð: the blind/the young/the old/the poor/the rich/the poor/the sick è ò. ä.

Ïî çíà÷åíèþ, îíè âñåãäà óêàçûâàåò íà ìíîæåñòâåííîå ÷èñëî. Íàïðèìåð:

the blind = the blind peoplethe rich = the rich peopleThe sick are given free hospital treatment.

21) Both è allBoth (îáà) èñïîëüçóåòñÿ, ÷òîáû ñêàçàòü ÷òî-ëèáî î äâóõ ïðåäìåòàõ, êîòîðûå èçâåñòíû

ñîáåñåäíèêó. Íàïðèìåð, ìû ãîâîðèì î äâóõ òåëåâèçîðàõ:Both TV sets are of good quality.

Çàïîìíèòå, ÷òî both óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ âñåãäà ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè âî ìíîæåñòâåííîì ÷èñëå.

All (âñå) èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ñ èñ÷èñëÿåìûìè è íåèñ÷èñëÿåìûìè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè âî ìíîæåñò-âåííîì ÷èñëå, êîãäà ñêàçàííîå îòíîñèòñÿ ê êàæäîìó ÷åëîâåêó èëè ïðåäìåòó â êàêîé-ëèáî ñîâîêóïíîñòè. Íàïðèìåð:

All people must live in peace.All boys and girls of the class are wearing uniforms.

22) Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: ðàñïîðÿæåíèÿÅñëè ãîâîðÿùèé èñïîëüçóåò â ñâîåé ðå÷è ðàñïîðÿæåíèÿ, òî â êîñâåííîé ðå÷è åãî ñëîâà

ïåðåäàþòñÿ ïðè ïîìîùè èíôèíèòèâà – íåîïðåäåëåííîé ôîðìû ãëàãîëà (ñ ÷àñòèöåé to). Íåîïðåäåëåííàÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëîâ îáû÷íî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ïîñëå ãëàãîëîâ tell, ask, order.

Íàïðèìåð: ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü: “Do your homework,” he said to them. êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: He told them to do their homework. ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü: “Do your homework now!” he ordered to them. êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: He ordered them to do their homework immediately. ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü: “I’d like you to do your homework,” he said to them. êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü: He asked them to do their homework.


Somebody is calling me. It might be Jalil. (or It could be Jalil.)I have lost Malik. He could be in groceries section. (or He might be in groceries section.)Perhaps è maybe òîæå èìåþò îäèíàêîâîå çíà÷åíèå (âîçìîæíî). Îíè ÷àñòî èñïîëüçóþòñÿ â

ðå÷è, íî çíà÷åíèå maybe áîëåå ôîðìàëüíûé, ÷åì perhaps. Íàïðèìåð:May be/perhaps he is ill. The President perhaps is arriving soon.Must be èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ, ÷òîáû ñ óâåðåííîñòüþ ñêàçàòü, ÷òî ÷òî-òî âåðíî, â

çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñèòóàöèè (äîëæíî áûòü). Íàïðèìåð:A: My house is very near the airport. (Ìîé äîì î÷åíü áëèçêî ê àýðîïîðòó.)B: It must be very noisy. (Äîëæíî áûòü î÷åíü øóìíî.)

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be was/were been let let let

beat beat beaten lie lay lain

become became become lose lost lost

begin began begun make made made

blow blew blown meet met met

break broke broken pay paid paid

bring brought brought put put put

build built built read read read

buy bought bought ride rode ridden

catch caught caught ring rang rung

choose chose chosen rise rose risen

come came come run ran run

cost cost cost say said said

cut cut cut see saw seen

dig dug dug sell sold sold

do did done send sent sent

draw drew drawn sew sewed sewn/sewed

drink drank drunk shake shook shaken

drive drove driven shine shone shone

eat ate eaten shoot shot shot

fall fell fallen show showed shown/showed

feed fed fed shut shut shut

feel felt felt sing sang sung

fight fought fought sit sat sat

find found found sleep slept slept

fly flew flown speak spoke spoken

forget forgot forgotten spend spent spent

freeze froze frozen stand stood stood

get got got sweep swept swept

give gave given swim swam swum

go went gone take took taken

grow grew grown teach taught taught

have had had tell told told

hear heard heard think thought thought

hide hid hidden throw threw thrown

hold held held understand understood understood

keep kept kept wake woke woken

know knew known wear wore worn

lay laid laid win won won

leave left left write wrote written

List of irregular verbs(Ñïèñîê íåïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ)

PresentSimple

PresentSimple

PastSimple

PastSimple

PastParticiple

PastParticiple

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English-Russian Wordlistadj – adjective – ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå phr.v – phrasal verb – ôðàçîâûé ãëàãîëadv – adverb – íàðå÷èå pl – plural – ìíîæåñòâåííîå ÷èñëîconj – conjunction – ñîþç pp – past participle – ïðè÷àñòèå ïðîøåäøåãîdet – determiner – îïðåäåëÿþùåå ñëîâî âðåìåíèint – interjection – ìåæäîìåòèå prep – preposition – ïðåäëîãn – noun – ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå pron – pronoun – ìåñòîèìåíèånum – number – ÷èñëî v – verb – ãëàãîë

ability n pl (-ies) ñïîñîáíîñòü, âîçìîæíîñòü (ñäåëàòü ÷òî-ë.) able adj ñïîñîáíûé, îáëàäàþùèé ñïîñîáíîñòüþbe able to do ìî÷ü ..., áûòü â ñîñòîÿíèè /â ñèëàõ/ ...academic n, adj 1. ïðåïîäàâàòåëü, ïðîôåññîð èëè íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê (âûñøåãî) ó÷åáíîãî çàâåäåíèÿ; 2. àêàäåìè÷åñêèé, îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê àêàäåìèèacademic lyceum adj+n àêàäåìè÷åñêèé ëèöåéacademy n pl (-ies) àêàäåìèÿaccess n äîñòóïaccident n íåñ÷àñòíûé ñëó÷àé; êàòàñòðîôà; àâàðèÿaccompany v ñîïðîâîæäàòü; ñîïóòñòâîâàòü be accompanied by smb. èäòè â ñîïðîâîæäåíèè êîãî-ë. according to prep â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ, ñîãëàñíî, ïîachieve v äîñòèãàòü; äîáèâàòüñÿachievement n äîñòèæåíèå, óñïåõ, ïîáåäàacross adv ïîïåð¸ê, â øèðèíó; îò êðàÿ äî êðàÿact v, n 1. a) äåéñòâîâàòü; á) ïîñòóïàòü; âåñòè ñåáÿ; ñ) èñïîëíÿòü (ðîëü), èãðàòü; 2. àêò, äåéñòâèå (â ïüåñå)action n äåéñòâèåtake actions v+n 1) íà÷èíàòü äåéñòâîâàòü; 2) ïðèíèìàòü ìåðûaction film n+n áîåâèê (ôèëüì)active adj äåÿòåëüíûé; ýíåðãè÷íûé; àêòèâíûé; æèâîéactivity n 1) äåÿòåëüíîñòü; 2) êëàññíîå çàíÿòèå, óïðàæíåíèåactor n àêò¸ð; àðòèñòactress n àêòðèñà; àðòèñòêàactually adv ôàêòè÷åñêè, íà ñàìîì äåëå; â äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòèaddict n ïîêëîííèêadministration n àäìèíèñòðàöèÿ; ðóêîâîäñòâîadmire v âîñõèùàòüñÿ, âîñòîðãàòüñÿ; ëþáîâàòüñÿadult n âçðîñëûé, ñîâåðøåííîëåòíèé; çðåëûé ÷åëîâåê advance n ïðîäâèæåíèå, äâèæåíèå âïåð¸ä advantage n ïðåèìóùåñòâî; ïðåâîñõîäñòâî adventurous adj 1) ëþáÿùèé ïðèêëþ÷åíèÿ; 2) ïðåäïðèèì÷èâûéadvisory board adj+n êîíñóëüòàòèâíûé ñîâåòaerospace adj àâèàöèîííî-êîñìè÷åñêèé, àýðîêîñìè÷åñêèéaffair n äåëî; âîïðîñaffect v (âîç)äåéñòâîâàòü (íà ÷òî-ë.); âëèÿòüafraid adj èñïóãàííûé, íàïóãàííûé; áîÿùèéñÿ African n, adj 1. àôðèêàíåö; àôðèêàíêà; 2. àôðèêàíñêèéafter prep ïîñëå; ÷åðåç, ñïóñòÿagain adv ñíîâà, âíîâü; îïÿòüagainst adv ïðîòèâage n 1) âîçðàñò; 2) âåê, ýïîõàagency n pl (-ies) àãåíòñòâî, ïðåäñòàâèòåëüñòâîago adv òîìó íàçàäagreement n 1) ñîãëàñèå; 2) ñîãëàøåíèå, äîãîâîðagricultural adj ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûé; çåìëåäåëü÷åñêèéagriculture n ñåëüñêîå õîçÿéñòâîailment n íåäîìîãàíèå, íåçäîðîâüå, áîëåçíüaim n öåëü, íàìåðåíèå; ñòðåìëåíèå, çàìûñåë air n âîçäóõair conditioner n+n êîíäèöèîíåð

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airport n àýðîïîðòallow v 1) ïîçâîëÿòü, ðàçðåøàòü; äàâàòü ðàçðåøåíèå; 2) äàâàòü âîçìîæíîñòü, äåëàòü âîçìîæíûìalmost adv ïî÷òèalone adv îäèí, îäèíîêèé; â îäèíî÷åñòâåalong adv, prep 1. äàëüøå, âïåð¸ä; 2. âäîëü (ïî), ïîalphabet n àëôàâèò; àçáóêàalso adv 1) òàêæå, òîæå; 2) ê òîìó æå; ïðèòîìalternative adj, n 1. àëüòåðíàòèâíûé; 2. àëüòåðíàòèâàalthough conj õîòÿ, íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî; åñëè áû äàæåaluminium n àëþìèíèéamazing adj óäèâèòåëüíûé, ïîðàçèòåëüíûéambitious adj 1) ÷åñòîëþáèâûé; 2) ñòðåìÿùèéñÿ (ê ÷åìó-ë.); 3) òðóäîëþáèâûé; àêòèâíûé, ýíåðãè÷íûé; èíèöèàòèâíûéAmerican adj, n 1. àìåðèêàíñêèé; 2. àìåðèêàíåö; àìåðèêàíêàamong prep ñðåäè, ïîñðåäè, ìåæäóamongst = amongancient adj àíòè÷íûé, äðåâíèé; ñòàðèííûéanecdote n [ àíåêäîòangel n àíãåëbe angry (with/at) ñåðäèòüñÿ (íà ÷òî-ë.)animated adj îæèâë¸ííûé, æèâîéanniversary n ãîäîâùèíà; ïðàçäíîâàíèå ãîäîâùèíû (êàêîãî-ë. ñîáûòèÿ)announce v îáúÿâëÿòü, èçâåùàòüannoyed adj íåäîâîëüíûé, ðàçäðàæ¸ííûé, ðàçäîñàäîâàííûéany adj 1) (â âîïðîñèòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ) êàêîé-íèáóäü; 2) (â îòðèöàòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ) íèêàêîé, íè îäèí; 3) (â óòâåðäèòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ) âñÿêèé, ëþáîéanymore adv áîëüøå íå; óæå íåanyone pron 1) (â âîïðîñèòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ) êòî-íèáóäü; 2) (â îòðèöàòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ) íèêòî; 3) (â óòâåðäèòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ) âñÿêèé, ëþáîéanything pron âñ¸; (âñ¸) ÷òî óãîäíîanytime adv âñåãäà, â ëþáîå âðåìÿanywhere adv âåçäå, â ëþáîå ìåñòîapp n ïðèëîæåíèåappear v ïîÿâëÿòüñÿ, ïîêàçûâàòüñÿappearance n âíåøíèé âèä, âíåøíîñòü, íàðóæíîñòüapplied art adj+n ïðèêëàäíîå èñêóññòâîapply v èñïîëüçîâàòü, ïðèìåíÿòü, óïîòðåáëÿòüappreciation n âûñîêàÿ îöåíêà; áëàãîäàðíîñòü (çà ÷òî-ë.)appropriate adj ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé, ïîäõîäÿùèé; óìåñòíûéapproval n îäîáðåíèåapproximately adv ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî, ïðèáëèæ¸ííîArab adj àðàáñêèéArabian adj àðàâèéñêèéArabic adj, n 1. àðàáñêèé; 2. àðàáñêèé ÿçûêarchaeological adj àðõåîëîãè÷åñêèéarchitect n àðõèòåêòîð, çîä÷èéarchitectural adj àðõèòåêòóðíûéarchitectural building adj+n àðõèòåêòóðíîå ñîîðóæåíèåarchitecture n àðõèòåêòóðà, çîä÷åñòâî; ñòðîèòåëüíîå èñêóññòâîarea n ïëîùàäü, ïðîñòðàíñòâî, ó÷àñòîê; ðàéîí, îáëàñòü; çîíàargument n 1) äîâîä, äîêàçàòåëüñòâî, àðãóìåíò; 2) ñïîð, äèñêóññèÿarm n ðóêà (îò ïëå÷à äî êèñòè)arm-wrestling n àðì-ðåñòëèíãarmy n pl (-ies) àðìèÿaround prep 1) êðóãîì; âîêðóã; 2) ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî, ïðèìåðíî, îêîëî art n èñêóññòâî; èçîáðàçèòåëüíîå èñêóññòâîarticle n ñòàòüÿartist n õóäîæíèê, æèâîïèñåöartwork n 1) ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ èñêóññòâà; 2) èëëþñòðàöèÿ

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as conj 1) òàê êàê, ïîñêîëüêó; 2) êàê, â êà÷åñòâåas a result of â ðåçóëüòàòåas for me ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ ìåíÿas much as possible êàê ìîæíî áîëüøåAsian adj îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê Àçèè; àçèàòñêèéassignment n çàäàíèåassist v ïîìîãàòü, ñîäåéñòâîâàòüassistance n ïîìîùü, ñîäåéñòâèåassistant n ïîìîùíèê; àññèñòåíòassociated with ñâÿçàíàííûé ñ …astronaut n àñòðîíàâò, êîñìîíàâòastronomer n àñòðîíîìastronomical adj àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèéastronomy n àñòðîíîìèÿastrophysicist n àñòðîôèçèêastrophysics n àñòðîôèçèêàathletics n àòëåòèêà; çàíÿòèÿ ñïîðòîìatlas n 1) àòëàñ (òêàíü); 2) àòëàñ (ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèé, è ò. ï.)atmosphere n 1) àòìîñôåðà; 2) îêðóæàþùàÿ ñðåäà, îáñòàíîâêà, àòìîñôåðàatomic adj àòîìíûéattach v ïðèêðåïëÿòü, ïðèñîåäèíÿòü; ñêðåïëÿòüattract v ïðèòÿãèâàòü; ïðèâëåêàòüattraction n 1) ïðèòÿæåíèå; òÿãîòåíèå; 2) àòòðàêöèîí; 3) ïðèâëåêàòåëüíîñòüaudience n ïóáëèêà, çðèòåëè, àóäèòîðèÿaudio n àóäèî, çâóêîçàïèñüthe Australians n àâñòðàëèéöûauthor n àâòîð, ïèñàòåëüautobiography n àâòîáèîãðàôèÿautograph n àâòîãðàôavailable adj íàëè÷íûé, èìåþùèéñÿ â ðàñïîðÿæåíèè, äîñòóïíûéavant-garde n àâàíãàðäavenger n ìñòèòåëüavoid v èçáåãàòü, ñòîðîíèòüñÿ, óêëîíÿòüñÿawake adj áîäðñòâóþùèé, ïðîñíóâøèéñÿaward n, v 1. (ïðèñóæä¸ííàÿ) íàãðàäà èëè íàêàçàíèå; 2. ïðèñóæäàòü (÷òî-ë.), íàãðàæäàòü (÷åì-ë.)awful adj óæàñíûé, îòâðàòèòåëüíûé

back n, adv 1. ñïèíà; 2. a) ñçàäè, ïîçàäè; á) îáðàòíî, íàçàägo back to âîñõîäèòü ê îïðåäåë¸ííîé ýïîõåbackground n çàäíèé ïëàí; ôîíbacterium n pl (-ria) áàêòåðèÿ, ìèêðîá bad adj, n 1. ïëîõîé, äóðíîé; ñêâåðíûé; 2. ïëîõîå, äóðíîåbake v ïå÷ü, âûïåêàòü; çàïåêàòübalance n ðàâíîâåñèå; ñîñòîÿíèå ðàâíîâåñèÿbalcony n pl (-ies) áàëêîí ballet n áàëåòballpoint pen adj+n øàðèêîâàÿ àâòîðó÷êàband n îðêåñòð; ãðóïïà ìóçûêàíòîâbanner n çíàìÿ, ôëàã, ñòÿãbase n, v 1. îñíîâà, îñíîâàíèå; áàçèñ; 2. îñíîâûâàòü, îáîñíîâûâàòübased on íà îñíîâå, îñíîâàííûébasic adj îñíîâíîé, ãëàâíûé, ñàìûé ñóùåñòâåííûébattery n áàòàðåÿ, àêêóìóëÿòîðbattery charger n+n çàðÿäíîå óñòðîéñòâîbattle n áèòâà; ñðàæåíèåbeard n áîðîäàbeast n çâåðü, æèâîòíîåbeat n, v 1. ðèòì; òàêò; 2. a) âçáèâàòü (ÿéöà è ò. ï.; á) áèòü, óäàðÿòübeauty n êðàñîòà; ïðåêðàñíîåbecause conj ïîòîìó ÷òî, òàê êàêbecome v (past became; ñòàíîâèòüñÿ; ïðåâðàùàòüñÿ pp become)

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before adv, prep 1. ðàíüøå, ïðåæäå; 2. äî; ðàíüøåBefore Common Era äî íàøåé ýðûbegin v (past began; pp begun) íà÷èíàòü(ñÿ); ïðèñòóïàòü (ê ÷åìó ë.)to begin with âî-ïåðâûõ, ïðåæäå âñåãî; íà÷àòü ñ òîãî, ÷òî ...beginning n íà÷àëîbehind prep, adv 1. çà, ïîçàäè, ñçàäè; 2. ñçàäè, ïîçàäè; íàçàäbelieve v 1) âåðèòü; 2) äóìàòü, ïîëàãàòü, ñ÷èòàòübeneficial adj áëàãîòâîðíûé, ïîëåçíûé; öåëèòåëüíûé; âûãîäíûébenefit n ïðåèìóùåñòâî, ïðèâèëåãèÿ; ïîëüçà, áëàãîbesides adv êðîìå òîãî; ïîìèìî òîãî, òàêæå, âäîáàâîê ê òîìóbest-seller n õîäêàÿ, ñåíñàöèîííàÿ êíèãà; áåñòñåëëåðbest-selling adj õîäêèé (î êíèãå); ïîïóëÿðíûébetter adj, adv (ñðàâíèòåëüíûé ñòåïåíü îò “good” è “well”) ëó÷øåbetween prep ìåæäó; ïîñðåäèBible n Áèáëèÿthe Big Bang adj+n áîëüøîé âçðûâbillion num ìèëëèàðäbimonthly adv ðàç â äâà ìåñÿöà bin n ìóñîðíîå âåäðîbiofuel n áèîòîïëèâî, áèîëîãè÷åñêîå òîïëèâîbiographical adj áèîãðàôè÷åñêèébiography n pl (-ies) áèîãðàôèÿ; æèçíåîïèñàíèåbiology n áèîëîãèÿbirth n ðîæäåíèåbite v (past bit; pp bitten) êóñàòü, æàëèòübitter adj ãîðüêèébiweekly adv ðàç â äâå íåäåëèblank n ïóñòîå, ñâîáîäíîå ìåñòîblend n ñìåñüblind adj ñëåïîé, íåçðÿ÷èéblog n áëîã (âåá-ñàéò, îñíîâíîå ñîäåðæèìîå êîòîðîãî — ðåãóëÿðíî äîáàâëÿåìûå ÷åëîâåêîì çàïèñè, ñîäåðæàùèå òåêñò, èçîáðàæåíèÿ èëè ìóëüòèìåäèà)body n pl (-ies) òåëî; ïëîòüboiling adj êèïÿùèé; áóðëÿùèébook n, v 1. êíèãà; 2. çàêàçûâàòü çàðàíåå; áðîíèðîâàòü (êîìíàòó â ãîñòèíèöå, áèëåò è ò. ï.)bookshelf n êíèæíàÿ ïîëêàbored adj ñêó÷àþùèéboring adj íàäîåäëèâûé; ñêó÷íûéborn adj ðîæä¸ííûébe born v ðîäèòüñÿborrow v çàíèìàòü, áðàòü íà âðåìÿ; îäàëæèâàòü; çàèìñòâîâàòüboss n õîçÿèí, ïðåäïðèíèìàòåëü; áîññbossy adj ðàñïîðÿæàþùèéñÿ, çàïðàâëÿþùèé âñåìbot n áîò, ðîáîòboth … and … íå òîëüêî ..., íî è; êàê ..., òàê è; è ... èbottle n áóòûëêà, áóòûëüa bottle of áóòûëêà ...bought v ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ è ïðè÷àñòèå ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè ãëàãîëà “buy”box n 1) êîðîáêà; ÿùèê; ñóíäóê; 2) (â òåàòðå) ëîæàboxer n áîêñ¸ðbox office n òåàòðàëüíàÿ êàññàbrain n 1) ãîëîâíîé ìîçã; 2) ðàññóäîê, ðàçóì; èíòåëëåêò, óìbranch n 1) âåòêà (äåðåâà); 2) îòðàñëü (íàóêè è ò. ï.)brand new adj ñîâåðøåííî íîâûé, ñ èãîëî÷êèbrave adj õðàáðûé, ñìåëûébravery n õðàáðîñòü, ñìåëîñòü, ìóæåñòâîbreak n, v (past broke; pp broken) 1. ïåðåðûâ; ïàóçà; ïåðåìåíà; 2. ëîìàòü; ðàçáèâàòübreak down phr.v 1) ñëîìàòü, ðàçðóøèòü; ñáèòü; 2) ñëîìàòüñÿ, ðàçðóøèòüñÿ; âûéòè èç ñòðîÿ (î ìàøèíå è ò. ï.); ïîòåðïåòü àâàðèþ

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bridge n ìîñò; ìîñòèêbright adj ÿðêèé; áëåñòÿùèé; ñâåòëûébrilliant adj 1) áëåñòÿùèé; ÿðêèé; 2) áëåñòÿùèé, âûäàþùèéñÿbring v (past, pp brought) ïðèíîñèòü; ïðèâîçèòü, äîñòàâëÿòübring up phr.v âîñïèòûâàòü, ðàñòèòübring/join together phr.v ìèðèòü, ïðèìèðÿòü; ñîåäèíÿòü; ñâÿçûâàòüBritish n, adj 1) áðèòàíöû; 2) (âåëèêî)áðèòàíñêèé; àíãëèéñêèébroadcast adj 1. (ðàäèî)âåùàíèå; 2. a) òåëåâèäåíèå; á) òåëåïðîãðàììà, òåëåïåðåäà÷à broken adj 1) ñëîìàííûé; ðàçáèòûé; 2) ñëîìàííûé, âûøåäøèé èç ñòðîÿ (î ìàøèíå è ò. ï.)browser n áðàóçåðbuild v (past, pp built) ñòðîèòü, ñîîðóæàòü; ñîçäàâàòübull n áûêbullfight n áîé áûêîâbunch n ñâÿçêà; ïó÷îê; ïà÷êàburn v (past, pp burnt) 1) æå÷ü, ñæèãàòü; 2) îáæèãàòü, ïîëó÷àòü îæîãburn away phr.v ãîðåòü, ñãîðàòübury v (past, pp buried) õîðîíèòü, ïîãðåáàòü; ñîâåðøàòü ïîãðåáàëüíûé îáðÿäbusiness n äåëî, ïîñòîÿííîå çàíÿòèåbutton n ïóãîâèöà; êíîïêà, ïóãîâêàbuy v (past, pp bought) ïîêóïàòü, êóïèòüby prep ïîñëå ãëàãîëà â ïàññèâå óêàçûâàåò íà äåÿòåëÿ; ïðè îòñóòñòâèè ãëàãîëà ïåðåäà¸òñÿ òâîð. è ðîä. ïàäåæîì

cafeteria n 1) êàôåòåðèé; 2) ñòîëîâàÿ ñàìîîáñëóæèâàíèÿcall v, n 1. a) ïîçâàòü; ïîäîçâàòü; á) çâîíèòü èëè ãîâîðèòü ïî òåëåôîíó; 2. òåëåôîííûé âûçîâ, çâîíîêcalligraphy n êàëëèãðàôèÿ; ÷èñòîïèñàíèåcalm adj ñïîêîéíûé, òèõèé; ìèðíûé; íåâîçìóòèìûé (î ÷åëîâåêå) camcorder n âèäåîêàìåðàcame v ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ ãëàãîëà “come”camera n ôîòîàïïàðàò, ôîòîãðàôè÷åñêèé àïïàðàò, ôîòîêàìåðàcameraman n pl (-men) 1) ôîòîãðàô; 2) êèíîîïåðàòîð; òåëåîïåðàòîðcampfire n êîñò¸ðcan modal verb (past could) ìî÷ü, áûòü â ñîñòîÿíèè; óìåòücan n 1) êîíñåðâíàÿ áàíêà; 2) æåñòÿíàÿ áàíêà; æåñòÿíêàcan’t stop doing íå ìî÷ü ïåðåñòàòü äåëàòücanoeing n ãðåáëÿ, ãîíêè íà êàíîýcanoeist n ãðåáåö íà êàíîý, êàíîèñòcan-opener n êîíñåðâíûé íîæcapital n, adj 1. ñòîëèöà; 2. a) ãëàâíûé, îñíîâíîé; á) ïðîïèñíàÿ, çàãëàâíàÿ (áóêâà)card n 1) îòêðûòêà; 2) êàðòî÷êà, áèëåòcardboard n êàðòîícare n 1) çàáîòà, ïîïå÷åíèå; 2) âíèìàòåëüíîñòü; îñòîðîæíîñòücare home for old people äîì ïðåñòàðåëûõtake care of çàáîòèòüñÿcareer n ïðîôåññèÿ, çàíÿòèå; êàðüåðàcarefully adv îñòîðîæíî, ñ áîëüøîé îñòîðîæíîñòüþ; âíèìàòåëüíîcarpet n êîâ¸ðcarry v íåñòè, íîñèòü; âåñòè, âîçèòü, ïåðåâîçèòücarry on ïðîäîëæàòücartoon n ìóëüòôèëüì; ìóëüòèïëèêàöèÿcast n 1) ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ðîëåé; 2) ñîñòàâ èñïîëíèòåëåé (â äàííîì ñïåêòàêëå); àêò¸ðñêèé ñîñòàâcastle n çàìîê; äâîðåöcasual adj 1) ñëó÷àéíûé; 2) ïîâñåäíåâíûé (îá îäåæäå)catalogue n êàòàëîãcatch v (past, pp caught) ïîéìàòü, ñõâàòèòü; ëîâèòücategory n pl (-ies) êàòåãîðèÿcause v áûòü ïðè÷èíîé, ñëóæèòü ïîâîäîì; ïðè÷èíÿòü

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celebrate v ïðàçäíîâàòü, îòïðàçäíîâàòü; òîðæåñòâåííî îòìå÷àòücelebration n ïðàçäíîâàíèå; òîðæåñòâàcelebrity n pl (-ies) çíàìåíèòîñòü (î ÷åëîâåêå)cellist n âèîëîí÷åëèñòcell phone n ñîòîâûé òåëåôîíCentral Asian adj ñðåäíåàçèàòñêèécentury n pl (-ies) ñòîëåòèå, âåêceramic adj êåðàìè÷åñêèéceremony n pl (-ies) öåðåìîíèÿ; òîðæåñòâîcertain adj íåêîòîðûé, îïðåäåë¸ííûé; èçâåñòíûécertainly adv êîíå÷íî, íåïðåìåííî; íåñîìíåííî; áåçóñëîâíîcertainty n óâåðåííîñòücertificate n óäîñòîâåðåíèå, ñâèäåòåëüñòâî; ñåðòèôèêàòcertificate of honor ïî÷¸òíàÿ ãðàìîòàchallenge n âûçîâ (íà ñîñòÿçàíèå, ñîðåâíîâàíèå è ò. ï.) challenging adj 1) ñòèìóëèðóþùèé, ïîáóæäàþùèé; 2) òðåáóþùèé íàïðÿæåíèÿ (ñèë); èñïûòûâàþùèé (ñïîñîáíîñòè, ñòîéêîñòü)championship n ïåðâåíñòâî, ÷åìïèîíàò; áîðüáà çà ïåðâåíñòâîchance n 1) óäîáíûé ñëó÷àé, âîçìîæíîñòü; 2) ñëó÷àéíîñòü; ñëó÷àéchange v, n 1. ìåíÿòü, èçìåíÿòü; 2. ïåðåìåíà, èçìåíåíèåchannel n êàíàë ïåðåäà÷èchant v ãîâîðèòü èëè ÷èòàòü íàðàñïåâ chapter n ãëàâà, ðàçäåë (êíèãè)character n ãåðîé, ïåðñîíàæ; òèï; îáðàçcharge v çàðÿæàòü (àêêóìóëÿòîð)chart n äèàãðàììàchatbot n ÷àò-áîò (âèðòóàëüíûé ñîáåñåäíèê, ïðîãðàììà-ñîáåñåäíèê)chat show n+n áåñåäà èëè èíòåðâüþ ñî çíàìåíèòîñòüþ, âèäíûì äåÿòåëåìcheaply adv ä¸øåâîcheerful adj âåñ¸ëûé, ðàäîñòíûéchemicals n õèìèêàëèè; õèìè÷åñêèå ïðåïàðàòûchemist n õèìèêchemist’s àïòåêàchemistry n õèìèÿchildhood n äåòñòâîchildish adj ðåáÿ÷åñêèé, ðåáÿ÷ëèâûé; äåòñêèéChinese adj, n 1. êèòàéñêèé; 2. êèòàåö; êèòàÿíêà; êèòàéñêèé ÿçûêchoice n 1) âûáîð, îòáîð; 2) àññîðòèìåíòchop v ðóáèòü; êðîøèòü; íàðåçàòüchoreographer n áàëåòìåéñòåð, õîðåîãðàô choreography n õîðåîãðàôèÿ, èñêóññòâî òàíöàchorus n 1) õîð, õîðîâàÿ ãðóïïà; 2) õîð (ãîëîñîâ è ò. ï.) Christmas n ðîæäåñòâîcinema n êèíîòåàòðcircle n, v 1. êðóã; 2. äâèãàòüñÿ ïî êðóãó; âðàùàòüñÿ, âåðòåòüñÿcircular adj êðóãëûécityscape n ãîðîäñêîé ïåéçàæ (âèä è êàðòèíà)civil adj ãðàæäàíñêèé; îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê ãðàæäàíàì èëè ãðàæäàíñòâócivilization n öèâèëèçàöèÿ, öèâèëèçîâàííîñòü classic n êëàññè÷åñêîå ïðîèçâåäåíèåclassical adj êëàññè÷åñêèéclassical music n êëàññè÷åñêàÿ ìóçûêàclean adj, v 1. ÷èñòûé; îïðÿòíûé 2. ÷èñòèòü; î÷èùàòücleaning n î÷èñòêà; ðàñ÷èñòêàclear adj, v 1. a) ÿñíûé; á) ÷èñòûé; 2. î÷èùàòüclever adj óìíûéclick n, v 1. ù¸ëêàíüå; 2. ù¸ëêàòüclimate n êëèìàòclimate change n+n èçìåíåíèå êëèìàòàclimb v êàðàáêàòüñÿ; âçáèðàòüñÿ, âëåçàòü; ïîäíèìàòüñÿcloakroom n ãàðäåðîá, ðàçäåâàëêà, âåøàëêàcloth n òêàíü (ïðåèì. øåðñòÿíàÿ); ñóêíî

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CO2 (gas) = carbon dioxide äâóîêèñü óãëåðîäà, óãëåêèñëîòà, óãëåêèñëûé ãàçcoal n (êàìåííûé) óãîëücoast n ìîðñêîé áåðåã, ïîáåðåæüå coated paper adj+n ìåëîâàííàÿ áóìàãàcognitive adj ïîçíàâàòåëüíûé collect v ñîáèðàòücollection n ñîáðàíèå, êîëëåêöèÿcolour n, v 1. öâåò; òîí; îòòåíîê; 2. êðàñèòü, ðàñêðàøèâàòücolourful adj êðàñî÷íûé, ÿðêèécombinatorics n êîìáèíàòîðèêàcombine v îáúåäèíÿòü; ñî÷åòàòücome v (past came; pp come) ïðèõîäèòü: èäòècome true v+n ñáûâàòüñÿ (î ìå÷òàõ, ïðåäñêàçàíèÿõ) comedy n pl (-ies) êîìåäèÿcomfortable adj óäîáíûé; êîìôîðòàáåëüíûé; óþòíûécomic adj êîìè÷åñêèé, þìîðèñòè÷åñêèé; ñìåøíîécomics n êîìèêñû, ðàññêàçû â êàðòèíêàõ, îáûêí. ñ ïîäïèñÿìècomment n êîììåíòàðèé, îáúÿñíèòåëüíîå ïðèìå÷àíèå, òîëêîâàíèåcommittee n êîìèòåò, êîìèññèÿcommon adj 1) îáùèé; 2) îáùåèçâåñòíûé, îáùåïðèíÿòûé; 3) îáûêíîâåííûé, îáû÷íûéCommon Era n íàøà ýðàcommunicate v ïîääåðæèâàòü ñâÿçü, îáùàòüñÿcommunication n 1) îáùåíèå; ñâÿçü; 2) ñîîáùåíèå; êîììóíèêàöèÿcommunity n pl (-ies) îáùèíà; ãðóïïà íàñåëåíèÿ; ñîîáùåñòâî; îáúåäèíåíèåcompanion n êîìïàíüîí, ïàðòí¸ð; ñîáåñåäíèêcompany n pl (-ies) îáùåñòâî, êîìïàíèÿcompare v ñðàâíèâàòücompass n êîìïàñcompete v ñîñòÿçàòüñÿ, ñîðåâíîâàòüñÿcompetition n ñîðåâíîâàíèå, ñîñòÿçàíèå; êîíêóðñcompletely adv ñîâåðøåííî, ïîëíîñòüþ, âïîëíå, âñåöåëîcomplex adj 1) ñëîæíûé, ñîñòàâíîé, êîìïëåêñíûé; 2) òðóäíûécompose v ñî÷èíÿòü, ñîçäàâàòü (ëèòåðàòóðíîå èëè ìóçûêàëüíîå ïðîèçâåäåíèå)composer n êîìïîçèòîð composition n 1) øêîëüíîå, ó÷åáíîå ñî÷èíåíèå; 2) ìóçûêàëüíîå ñî÷è - íåíèå; ëèòåðàòóðíîå ïðîèçâåäåíèå; 3) êîìïîçèöèÿconcert n êîíöåðòconclusion n 1) çàêëþ÷åíèå; 2) çàêëþ÷èòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòücondition n 1) ñîñòîÿíèå, ïîëîæåíèå; 2) îáñòîÿòåëüñòâà, óñëîâèÿ conductor n äèðèæ¸ðconference n êîíôåðåíöèÿ, ñîâåùàíèåconnect v ñîåäèíÿòü(ñÿ), ñâÿçûâàòü(ñÿ); ñîåäèíÿòüconservation n ñîõðàíåíèåconservatoire n êîíñåðâàòîðèÿconsider v ïîëàãàòü, ñ÷èòàòüconsist (of) v ñîñòîÿòü (èç)constantly adv ïîñòîÿííî, íåïðåðûâíîconstruction n 1) ñòðîèòåëüñòâî, ñòðîéêà; 2) êîíñòðóêöèÿ, ñîîðóæå- íèå; çäàíèåcontainer n ¸ìêîñòü, âìåñòèëèùå; êîíòåéíåðcontemporary adj ñîâðåìåííûé; â ñîâðåìåííîì ñòèëåcontest n ñîðåâíîâàíèå, ñîñòÿçàíèåcontinent n ìàòåðèê, êîíòèíåíòcontinental adj 1) êîíòèíåíòàëüíûé (î êëèìàòå); 2) êîíòèíåíòàëüíûé, îñíîâíîé (î ÷àñòè ãîñóäàðñòâà áåç (ïîëó)îñòðîâîâ)continue v ïðîäîëæàòü(ñÿ)contract n äîãîâîð, ñîãëàøåíèå, êîíòðàêòcontribute v äåëàòü âêëàä (â íàóêó è ò. ï.); ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü control n, v 1. êîíòðîëü, ïðîâåðêà; íàäçîð; 2. êîíòðîëèðîâàòüconversation n ðàçãîâîð, áåñåäà

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cookbook n ïîâàðåííàÿ êíèãàcool adj, v 1. ïðîõëàäíûé; 2. ñòóäèòü, îõëàæäàòü(ñÿ); îñòûâàòücooperation n ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî, ñîâìåñòíûå äåéñòâèÿ èëè óñèëèÿcopy v, n 1. ïåðåïèñàòü; 2. ýêçåìïëÿðcorrespond v ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòücost n, v (past, pp cost) 1. öåíà; 2. ñòîèòü (î öåíå)costume n îäåæäà; ïëàòüå, êîñòþìcough v êàøëÿòücould modal verb ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ ãëàãîëà “can”country n pl (-ies) ñòðàíà; ðîäèíà, îòå÷åñòâîcountry music n+n ôîëüêëîðíàÿ ìóçûêàcountryside n ñåëüñêàÿ ìåñòíîñòücourage n ìóæåñòâî, õðàáðîñòü, ñìåëîñòü, îòâàãàcourageous adj ñìåëûé, îòâàæíûé, õðàáðûé, áåññòðàøíûécourse n êóðñcover n ïåðåïë¸ò; îáëîæêàcraftsman n pl (-men) ðåìåñëåííèêcrash n êðóøåíèå, àâàðèÿ; ñòîëêíîâåíèåcreate v ñîçäàâàòü, òâîðèòücreative adj òâîð÷åñêèé, ñîçèäàòåëüíûécriminal n ïðåñòóïíèêcrisis n êðèçèñcritical adj êðèòè÷åñêèécrop n óðîæàé; ïîñåâcross n, v 1. êðåñòèê; 2. ïåðå÷åðêíóòücrowd n òîëïàa crowd of òîëïà ...cruel adj æåñòîêèé, áåçæàëîñòíûé, áåññåðäå÷íûécry v ïëàêàòücultural adj êóëüòóðíûéculture n êóëüòóðàcure n, v 1. ëå÷åíèå; êóðñ ëå÷åíèÿ; 2. âûëå÷èâàòü, èçëå÷èâàòü, èñöåëÿòücurious adj ëþáîïûòíûé; ëþáîçíàòåëüíûécurrent adj òåêóùèé; íûíåøíèé; ñîâðåìåííûécursed adj ïðîêëÿòûécurtain n çàíàâåñêà; øòîðà; ïîðòüåðàcurved adj èçîãíóòûé, èñêðèâë¸ííûé; êðèâîécustom n îáû÷àé; îáûêíîâåíèå, ïðèâû÷êàcut v ðåçàòücut down v ðóáèòücycle v, n 1. åçäèòü íà âåëîñèïåäå; 2. öèêë, ïîëíûé êðóã; ïåðèîä

daily adj åæåäíåâíûé, êàæäîäíåâíûé; ïîâñåäíåâíûé damage v ïîâðåæäàòü, ïîðòèòü; ïðè÷èíÿòü óùåðá, óáûòîêdanger n îïàñíîñòüdata n pl of datum äàííûå, ôàêòû; èíôîðìàöèÿdead adj ì¸ðòâûé; óìåðøèé; äîõëûédeal with èìåòü äåëî ñdeath n ñìåðòüdeathly hallows n äàðû ñìåðòèdecide v ðåøàòü, ïðèíèìàòü ðåøåíèådecision n ðåøåíèåmake a decision ïðèíÿòü ðåøåíèå, ðåøèòü; ðåøèòüñÿdecorate v óêðàøàòü, óáèðàòü; äåêîðèðîâàòüdecoration n óêðàøåíèå, óáðàíñòâî, äåêîðèðîâàíèådeep adj 1) ãëóáîêèé; 2) ñèëüíûé, ãëóáîêèé (âçäîõ)deeply adv 1) ñåðü¸çíî; ñèëüíî, î÷åíü; 2) ãëóáîêîdefence n çàùèòà, îáîðîíàdefine v 1) îïðåäåëÿòü, äàâàòü (òî÷íîå) îïðåäåëåíèå; 2) îïðåäåëÿòü, óñòàíàâëèâàòüdefinition n îïðåäåëåíèå; òîëêîâàíèådelicious adj âêóñíûé

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deliver v ïåðåäàâàòü, âðó÷àòü; äîñòàâëÿòüdepartmental adj âåäîìñòâåííûé; îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê äåÿòåëüíîñòè îòäåëà, äåïàðòàìåíòà, ìèíèñòåðñòâà è ò. ï.depend (on) v çàâèñåòüdepressing adj ãíåòóùèé, óíûëûé; íàâîäÿùèé óíûíèå, òîñêódescribe v îïèñûâàòü, èçîáðàæàòüdescription n îïèñàíèå; èçîáðàæåíèådesign n, v 1. ÷åðò¸æ, ýñêèç; êîíñòðóêöèÿ; ïðîåêò; äèçàéí; 2. a) ïëàíè- ðîâàòü, ïðîåêòèðîâàòü; ïðåäíàçíà÷èòü; á) ñîñòàâëÿòü ïëàí, ñõåìódesire n (ñèëüíîå) æåëàíèådespite prep âîïðåêè, íåñìîòðÿ íàdetail n äåòàëü, ïîäðîáíîñòüdetermine v îïðåäåëÿòü; ðåøèòüdevelop v 1) ðàçâèâàòü, ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàòü; 2) ðàçðàáàòûâàòü, ñîçäàâàòüdevelopment n ðàçâèòèå, ðîñò; ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèådevice n óñòðîéñòâî, ïðèñïîñîáëåíèå; ìåõàíèçì, àïïàðàò, ïðèáîðdiagram n äèàãðàììàdictionary n pl (-ies) ñëîâàðüdid ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ ãëàãîëà “do”die v óìèðàòüdied adj óìåðøèédiffer v îòëè÷àòüñÿ; ðàçëè÷àòüñÿdifference n ðàçíèöà; ðàçëè÷èå, íåñõîäñòâî, îòëè÷èådifferent adj ðàçëè÷íûé, ðàçíûé; îòëè÷íûé, íåñõîäíûédigital adj öèôðîâîédigital media adj+n öèôðîâûå ñðåäñòâà ìàññîâîé èíôîðìàöèèdirect v, adj 1. a) ðóêîâîäèòü, óïðàâëÿòü; á) ïîêàçûâàòü äîðîãó; ñ) äèðèæèðîâàòü; 2. ïðÿìîé, íåïîñðåäñòâåííûédirect speech adj+n ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷üdirection n 1) íàïðàâëåíèå; 2) (-s) èíñòðóêöèÿ; äèðåêòèâûdirector n 1) äèðåêòîð; 2) ðåæèññ¸ðdisabled adj èñêàëå÷åííûé; ïîâðåæä¸ííûédisadvantage n íåäîñòàòîê; íåâûãîäíîå, íåáëàãîïðèÿòíîå ïîëîæåíèådisagree v ðàñõîäèòüñÿ âî ìíåíèÿõ, íå ñîãëàøàòüñÿdisagreement n ðàñõîæäåíèå âî ìíåíèÿõ, íåñîãëàñèådisappear v èñ÷åçàòü, ñêðûâàòüñÿdisaster n áåäñòâèå, íåñ÷àñòüå; êàòàñòðîôàdiscover v 1) îòêðûâàòü, äåëàòü îòêðûòèå; 2) îáíàðóæèâàòü, íàõîäèòüdiscussion n îáñóæäåíèå, äèñêóññèÿ; äåáàòûdishonest adj íå÷åñòíûé, áåññîâåñòíûé; áåñ÷åñòíûé, ïîçîðíûé dislike v èñïûòûâàòü íåïðèÿçíü, íå ëþáèòü display v ïîêàçûâàòü, äåìîíñòðèðîâàòü distance-controlled adj äèñòàöèîííî óïðàâëÿåìûéditty n pl (-ies) (êîðîòêàÿ) ïåñåíêà, ÷àñòóøêàdivide v äåëèòü, ðàçäåëÿòüdivine adj áîæåñòâåííûédo v (past did; pp done) 1) äåëàòü; 2) âñïîìîãàòåëüíûé ãëàãîëdocument n äîêóìåíòdocumentary n äîêóìåíòàëüíûé ôèëüìdonate v 1) ïðåïîäíîñèòü â êà÷åñòâå äàðà, ïåðåäàâàòü â äàð; 2) (îò)äàâàòü â êà÷åñòâå äîíîðà double adj äâîéíîé, óäâîåííûé; ñäâîåííûé; ñîñòîÿùèé èç äâóõ ÷àñòåédoubt n ñîìíåíèå; íåðåøèòåëüíîñòü, êîëåáàíèådownhill adv âíèç, ïîä óêëîí, ïîä ãîðódownload v çàãðóæàòüdraft n ïðîåêò; íàáðîñîê; ýñêèç; ïëàí, ÷åðò¸ædrama n äðàìà (ïüåñà)draw v (past drew; pp drawn) ðèñîâàòüdrawing n 1) ÷åð÷åíèå; ðèñîâàíèå; 2) ðèñóíîê; èçîáðàæåíèådream n, v (past, pp dreamt) 1. a) ñîí; á) ìå÷òà; 2. ìå÷òàòü, ãðåçèòü (î ÷¸ì-ë.)

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dress-circle n (â òåàòðå) áåëüýòàædrill v ñâåðëèòü, âûñâåðëèâàòü; áóðèòüdrink n, v (past drank; pp drunk) 1. ïèòü¸; íàïèòîê; 2. ïèòüdrive v (past drove; pp driven) âîäèòü, âåñòè (ìàøèíó); óïðàâëÿòü (ëîøàäüþ)drop n, v 1. êàïëÿ; 2. ïàäàòü, âûïàäàòü; óðîíèòüdubbed adj äóáëèðîâàííûé (ôèëüì)during prep â ïðîäîëæåíèå, â òå÷åíèå; âî âðåìÿduty n pl (-ies) 1) äîëã; 2) îáÿçàííîñòü; 3) äåæóðñòâîdwarf n êàðëèêdynamic adj äèíàìè÷íûé; àêòèâíûé, ýíåðãè÷íûé; äâèæóùèé; æèâîé

earring n ñåðüãàeasily adv ëåãêî, ñâîáîäíî; áåç òðóäàeasy adj ë¸ãêèé, íåòðóäíûéeat (up) v (past ate; pp eaten) åñòü, êóøàòü; ñúåñòüe-book n ýëåêòðîííàÿ êíèãàeconomy n pl (-ies) 1) õîçÿéñòâî, ýêîíîìèêà; 2) ýêîíîìèÿ, áåðåæëèâîñòüecosystem n ýêîñèñòåìà, ýêîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñèñòåìàedge n îñòðûé êðàé, îñòðîòà; êðàé, êðîìêàedit v ðåäàêòèðîâàòüeditor n ðåäàêòîðeditorial adj, n 1. ðåäàêòîðñêèé, ðåäàêöèîííûé; 2. ïåðåäîâàÿ ñòàòüÿ,educate v îáó÷àòü, äàâàòü îáðàçîâàíèå; âîñïèòûâàòü, ðàçâèâàòüeducation n îáðàçîâàíèå; ïðîñâåùåíèå; âîñïèòàíèåeffect n 1) ðåçóëüòàò, ñëåäñòâèå; 2) âîçäåéñòâèå, âëèÿíèåelderly adj ïîæèëîé, ïðåêëîííîãî âîçðàñòàelect v âûáèðàòü, èçáèðàòü (ãîëîñîâàíèåì)electrical adj îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê ýëåêòðè÷åñòâó, ýëåêòðè÷åñêèéelectricity n pl (-) ýëåêòðè÷åñòâîelectric feeling adj+n âîçáóæäàþùåå ÷óâñòâîelectric power plant ýëåêòðîñòàíöèÿelectrode n ýëåêòðîäelectromagnet n ýëåêòðîìàãíèòelectronic adj ýëåêòðîííûéelectronic device adj+n ýëåêòðîííîå óñòðîéñòâîelement n 1) ýëåìåíò; 2) ñîñòàâíàÿ ÷àñòü, ÷àñòèöàelse adv åù¸; êðîìåemail n, v 1. ýëåêòðîííàÿ ïî÷òà; 2. îòïðàâèòü ÷åðåç ýëåêòðîííóþ ïî÷òóembroidered adj âûøèòûéemoji n ýìîäçè (ÿçûê èäåîãðàìì è ñìàéëèêîâ, èñïîëüçóåìûé â ýëåêòðîííûõ ñîîáùåíèÿõ è âåá-ñòðàíèöàõ, à òàêæå ñàìè ïèêòîãðàììû)emotion n ÷óâñòâî, ýìîöèÿ; äóøåâíîå âîëíåíèå, âîçáóæäåíèåemotional adj ñâÿçàííûé ñ ýìîöèÿìè, ýìîöèîíàëüíûé; âîëíóþùèéemotionally adv ñ ÷óâñòâîì, ñ âîëíåíèåì, ýìîöèîíàëüíî empty adj ïóñòîé, íåçàïîëíåííûé, ïîðîæíèéencourage v îáîäðÿòü; âñåëÿòü íàäåæäó; âîîäóøåâëÿòü; ïîääåðæèâàòüencyclopaedia n ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ, ýíöèêëîïåäè÷åñêèé ñëîâàðüend v, n 1. êîí÷àòü; çàêàí÷èâàòü; 2. êîíåö, îêîí÷àíèåat the end of â êîíöåin the end â êîíöå êîíöîâ, â êîíå÷íîì ñ÷¸òåend up phr.v êîí÷àòü(ñÿ), çàâåðøàòü(ñÿ)ending n îêîí÷àíèå, êîíåö, çàâåðøåíèåendless adj áåñêîíå÷íûé; íåñêîí÷àåìûé; áåñïðåäåëüíûéenergetic adj ýíåðãè÷íûé, ñèëüíûé, àêòèâíûéenergy n pl (-) ýíåðãèÿ; ñèëàe-newsletter n ýëåêòðîííûé èíôîðìàöèîííûé áþëëåòåíüengineer èíæåíåð; êîíñòðóêòîðengineering n èíæåíåðíîå èñêóññòâî; òåõíîëîãèÿenjoy v ïîëó÷àòü óäîâîëüñòâèå, íàñëàæäàòüñÿenjoyable adj ïðèÿòíûé, äîñòàâëÿþùèé óäîâîëüñòâèå

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enjoyment n óäîâîëüñòâèå, ðàäîñòü, íàñëàæäåíèåenough adj äîñòàòî÷íûéentertain v ðàçâëåêàòü, çàáàâëÿòüentertaining adj çàíèìàòåëüíûé, èíòåðåñíûé çàáàâíûé, ðàçâëåêàòåëüíûéentertainment n çðåëèùå, ïðåäñòàâëåíèå; ðàçâëå÷åíèå, óâåñåëåíèåenvironment n îêðóæàþùàÿ ñðåäàenvironmentally friendly adj ýêîëîãè÷åñêè ÷èñòûéequality n ðàâåíñòâîequip v îáîðóäîâàòü; ñíàðÿæàòü; îñíàùàòü; ñíàáæàòü, ýêèïèðîâàòüequipment n îáîðóäîâàíèå; îñíàùåíèå; ñíàðÿæåíèåerror n îøèáêà, ïîãðåøíîñòüespecially adv îñîáåííî, â îñîáåííîñòè essay n 1) ñî÷èíåíèå; 2) î÷åðê, ýòþä, ýññåessayist n 1) ýññåèñò, àâòîð ýññå; 2) î÷åðêèñò essential adj 1) íåïðåìåííûé, íåîáõîäèìûé; 2) îñíîâíîé establish v îñíîâûâàòü, ó÷ðåæäàòü; ñîçäàâàòü, îðãàíèçîâûâàòü European adj åâðîïåéñêèéeve n êàíóíeven adv äàæåevent n 1) ñîáûòèå, âàæíîå ÿâëåíèå; 2) ìåðîïðèÿòèåeverybody pron êàæäûé, âñÿêèé (÷åëîâåê); âñåeveryday adj åæåäíåâíûé, êàæäîäíåâíûé; ïîâñåäíåâíûéeveryone pron êàæäûé, âñÿêèé (÷åëîâåê); âñåeverything pron âñ¸everywhere pron âñþäó, ïîâñþäó, âåçäåevil adj, n 1. çëîé, çëîâðåäíûé, çëîíàìåðåííûé; 2. çëîexactly adv òî÷íîexam n ýêçàìåíexample n ïðèìåð; îáðàçåöexcellent adj ïðåâîñõîäíûé; îòëè÷íûé, âåëèêîëåïíûéexcited adj âîçáóæä¸ííûé, âçâîëíîâàííûébe excited âîçáóæäàòüñÿ; áûòü âçâîëíîâàííûìexciting adj âîëíóþùèé; çàõâàòûâàþùèé, óâëåêàòåëüíûéexercise n 1) óïðàæíåíèå; çàäà÷à; ïðèìåð; 2) óïðàæíåíèå, òðåíèðîâêàexhibit n 1) ýêñïîíàò; 2) ïîêàç, ýêñïîçèöèÿ; âûñòàâêàexhibition n âûñòàâêàexist v áûòü, ñóùåñòâîâàòüexperience n (æèçíåííûé) îïûòexplain v îáúÿñíÿòü; òîëêîâàòü, ðàçúÿñíÿòüexplanation n îáúÿñíåíèå; ïîÿñíåíèå; ðàçúÿñíåíèåexploration n èññëåäîâàíèåexplore v èññëåäîâàòü, èçó÷àòüexpress v âûðàæàòü; âûñêàçàòüexpression n âûðàæåíèå; ôðàçàextra adj äîáàâî÷íûé, äîïîëíèòåëüíûéextremely adv êðàéíå; ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî; â âûñøåé ñòåïåíè

face n, v 1. ëèöî; 2. ñòàëêèâàòüñÿ ëèöîì ê ëèöó (ñ ÷åì-ë.)facility n pl (-ies) óäîáñòâà; ñðåäñòâà îáñëóæèâàíèÿ; ñðåäñòâà; îáîðóäîâàíèåfact n 1) ôàêò, ÿâëåíèå; 2) ðåàëüíîñòü, äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòüin fact íà ñàìîì äåëå, â äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòèfactory n pl (-ies) ôàáðèêà, çàâîäfall v (past feel; pp fallen) 1) ïàäàòü, ïîíèæàòüñÿ; 2) èäòè (î äîæäå, ñíåãå)fall asleep v+adj çàñûïàòüfall down phr.v ïàäàòüfan n ïîêëîííèê, ïî÷èòàòåëü; ôàíàòfantastic adj èçóìèòåëüíûé, ïîòðÿñàþùèéfantasy n 1) âîîáðàæåíèå, ôàíòàçèÿ; 2) (î ôèëüìå) ôàíòàñòèêàfaraway adj äàë¸êèé, äàëüíèéfarming n çàíÿòèå ñåëüñêèì õîçÿéñòâîì; çåìëåäåëèåfarther adv äàëüøå, äàëååfashion n 1) ôàñîí; ïîêðîé; ôîðìà; 2) ìîäà

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fault n 1) íåäîñòàòîê, äåôåêò; 2) âèíàfear v áîÿòüñÿ; ïóãàòüñÿfeature n îñîáåííîñòü, õàðàêòåðíàÿ ÷åðòà; ñâîéñòâîfeature film n+n õóäîæåñòâåííûé ôèëüìfeel v (past, pp felt) ÷óâñòâîâàòü, îùóùàòüfeel like phr.v 1) ïðîèçâîäèòü âïå÷àòëåíèå ÷åãî-ë., áûòü ïîõîæèì íà ÷òî-ë.; 2) áûòü ñêëîííûì, èìåòü æåëàíèåfeeling n îùóùåíèå, ÷óâñòâîfeet n (pl of foot)fell ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ ãëàãîëà “fall”fellowship n òîâàðèùåñòâî, áðàòñòâî; ñîäðóæåñòâîferry n pl (-ies) ïàðîì; ïàðîìíîå ñóäíîfestival n ïðàçäíåñòâî, ïðàçäíèê; ôåñòèâàëüfew det íåìíîãî, ìàëîfiction n õóäîæåñòâåííàÿ ëèòåðàòóðàfictional adj âûìûøëåííûé, âûäóìàííûé; áåëëåòðèñòè÷åñêèéfield n 1) ïîëå, ëóã; 2) ïëîùàäêà, ó÷àñòîêfight n, v 1. áîé, áèòâà; äðàêà; ñõâàòêà; 2. ñðàæàòüñÿ, âîåâàòü; áîðîòüñÿ; äðàòüñÿfigure n ôèãóðà, âíåøíèé âèä, òåëîñëîæåíèåfile n ôàéëfilm n 1) ôîòîïë¸íêà; êèíîïë¸íêà; 2) (êèíî)ôèëüì,film star n+n êèíîçâåçäàfilter n ôèëüòðfinal adj ïîñëåäíèé, çàêëþ÷èòåëüíûé; êîíå÷íûé finalist n ôèíàëèñò, ó÷àñòíèê ôèíàëüíûõ ñîñòÿçàíèéfinally adv â êîíöå êîíöîâ, â êîíå÷íîì ñ÷¸òåfind v (past, pp found) íàõîäèòüfind out phr.v ðàçóçíàòü, âûÿñíèòüfine art n èçîáðàçèòåëüíîå èñêóññòâîfingernail n íîãîòü ïàëüöà (ðóêè)fireworks n ôåéåðâåðêfirst of all ïðåæäå âñåãîfishing rod n+n óäèëèùå; óäî÷êàfix v óêðåïëÿòü; çàêðåïëÿòü; ïðèêðåïëÿòüflight n 1) ïîë¸ò; 2) ðåéflood n, v 1. íàâîäíåíèå; ïîëîâîäüå; 2. çàëèâàòü, çàòîïëÿòüflute n ôëåéòàfly v (past flew; pp flown) parvoz qilmoqflying adj ëåòó÷èé, ëåòàþùèé; ëåòàòåëüíûéfocus (on) v, n 1. ñîñðåäîòî÷èâàòü (âíèìàíèå); 2. ñðåäîòî÷èå; öåíòðfolder n ïàïêàfolk adj, n ëþäè, íàðîäfolk music adj+n íàðîäíàÿ ìóçûêà; íàðîäíûå íàïåâûfollowing adj 1) íèæåñëåäóþùèé; 2) ñëåäóþùèébe fond of ëþáèòü êîãî-ë., ÷òî-ë.at the foot of ó ïîäíîæüèforeground n ïåðåäíèé ïëàíforeign adj èíîñòðàííûé, ÷óæåçåìíûé; çàãðàíè÷íûé, çàðóáåæíûéforever adv íàâñåãäà, íàâå÷íî, íàâåêèforget v (past forgot; pp forgotten) çàáûâàòü, íå ïîìíèòüform n, v 1. a) ôîðìà; á) áëàíê; àíêåòà; ôîðìà; ñ) êëàññ (â øêîëå); 2. îáðàçîâûâàòü(ñÿ); ôîðìèðîâàòü(ñÿ)formal adj 1) îôèöèàëüíûé; 2) ôîðìàëüíûé, format n 1) ôîðìàò; 2) ðàçìåð; ôîðìàformation n îáðàçîâàíèå, ôîðìèðîâàíèå; ó÷ðåæäåíèåfortune n 1) ñ÷àñòüå; óäà÷à; 2) ñóäüáà; 3) áîãàòñòâî, ñîñòîÿíèåforum n ôîðóì, ñúåçäforward adv âïåð¸ä, äàëüøåfossil fuel n èñêîïàåìîå/ òâåðäîå òîïëèâîfound v ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ è ïðè÷àñòèå ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè ãëàãîëà “find”

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found v îñíîâûâàòü, ó÷ðåæäàòü; ñîçäàâàòüfounder n îñíîâàòåëü, ó÷ðåäèòåëüframe n 1) (â ôîòîïë¸íêå) êàäð; 2) ðàìêà, ðàìàframework n ðàìêè, ïðåäåëûfree adv 1) íåçàíÿòûé; 2) ñâîáîäíûé; 3) áåñïëàòíûéfreedom n ñâîáîäà, íåçàâèñèìîñòüfree-of-charge adj áåñïëàòíûéfreezing adj çàìîðàæèâàþùèé; îõëàæäàþùèé; ëåäÿíîé, õîëîäíûéFrench adj, n 1. ôðàíöóçñêèé; 2. ôðàíöóçñêèé ÿçûêfresh adj 1) ÷èñòûé, ñâåæèé; 2) ñâåæèé, òîëüêî ÷òî ïîëó÷åííûéfreshwater adj ðåñíîâîäíûéfriendship n äðóæáàfrighten v ïóãàòüfrightening adj ïóãàþùèé; óæàñíûéfrom time to time âðåìåíàìè; âðåìÿ îò âðåìåíèfuel n òîïëèâî, ãîðþ÷ååfull adj ïîëíûé; íàïîëíåííûé; çàïîëíåííûéfull of ïîëíûé ÷åãî-ë.function n ôóíêöèÿ, íàçíà÷åíèå; äåÿòåëüíîñòüfunny adj çàáàâíûé, ñìåøíîéfurther adv äàëüíåéøèéfuture n, adj 1. áóäóùåå; 2. áóäóùèé; ãðÿäóùèé

gadget n ïðèñïîñîáëåíèå èëè óñòðîéñòâî gallery n pl (-ies) ãàëåðåÿgallop n ãàëîï (àëëþð)games console n+n èãðîâàÿ êîíñîëügarbage can n ìóñîðíûé ÿùèêgas n pl (-) ãàçgather v ñîáèðàòü(ñÿ), ñêîïëÿòü(ñÿ)gender equality n+n ãåíäåðíîå ðàâåíñòâîgeneral adj îáùèé, âñåîáùèéin general adv îáû÷íî, âîîáùå, â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâgenerally adv 1) îáû÷íî, êàê ïðàâèëî; 2) â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ generation n ïîêîëåíèågenre n æàíð genre painting n+n æàíðîâàÿ æèâîïèñügeometry n ãåîìåòðèÿGerman adj, n 1. ãåðìàíñêèé, íåìåöêèé; 2. íåìåöêèé ÿçûêgesture n æåñò, òåëîäâèæåíèåget lost òåðÿòüñÿ; çàáëóäèòüñÿget out phr.v âûõîäèòü, âûëåçàòü, âûñàæèâàòüñÿthe Ghanaians n ãàíöû, æèòåëè èëè óðîæåíåöû Ãàíûgiant n âåëèêàí, ãèãàíògift n ïîäàðîê, äàðgive v (past gave; pp given) äàâàòüglass n 1) ñòåêëî; 2) ñòåêëÿííàÿ ïîñóäà; 3) ñòàêàíglasses n î÷êèglobal adj âñåîáùèé; âñåîáúåìëþùèé, ãëîáàëüíûéglobal warming adj+n ãëîáàëüíîå ïîòåïëåíèåglove puppet n êóêëà, íàäåâàþùàÿñÿ íà ïàëüöû (ïåð÷àòî÷íàÿ êóêëà) go down phr.v ñïóñêàòüñÿ, îïóñêàòüñÿ, ñíèæàòüñÿgo for a walk èäòè ãóëÿòügo on phr.v ïðîäîëæàòügo out v+adv âûéòègoal n 1) öåëü, çàäà÷à; 2) ñïîðò. âîðîòà, ãîëgolden adj çîëîòèñòûégood adj, n 1. õîðîøèé; 2. a) äîáðî, áëàãî; á) òîâàðgossip n áîëòîâíÿ; ñïëåòíÿ; ñëóõè; ðîññêàçíègossip article n+n ñòàòüÿ ñïëåòåígossip newspaper n+n íåñåðüåçíàÿ ðàçâëåêàòåëüíàÿ ãàçåòàgovernment n ïðàâèòåëüñòâî

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GPS = Global Positioning System ÃÏÑ (ãëîáàëüíàÿ ñèñòåìà ïîçèöèîíèðîâàíèÿ)grammar book n+n ó÷åáíèê ãðàììàòèêè gramophone n 1) ãðàììîôîí; 2) ïàòåôîígrandson n âíóêgraphic adj ãðàôè÷åñêèé; èçîáðàçèòåëüíûéGreco-Roman adj ãðåêî-ðèìñêèéGreek adj, n 1. ãðå÷åñêèé; 2. ãðå÷åñêèé ÿçûê greenhouse gas n ïàðíèêîâûé ãàçground n ïî÷âà, çåìëÿ, ãðóíògrow v (past grew; pp grown) ðàñòè, âûðàñòàòügrow old v ñòàðèòüñÿgrow up phr.v âûðàñòàòü, ñòàíîâèòüñÿ âçðîñëûìgrow weak v îñëàáåòü, ñòàíîâèòüñÿ ñëàáûìgrowth n 1) ðîñò; ðàçâèòèå; 2) óâåëè÷åíèå; óñèëåíèåguest n ãîñòüguide n 1) ïðîâîäíèê; ãèä; ýêñêóðñîâîä; 2) ïóòåâîäèòåëüguidebook n ïóòåâîäèòåëü

hall n çàëhandicraft n ðåìåñëî; ðó÷íàÿ ðàáîòà; ðóêîäåëèåhandicrafter n ðåìåñëåííèê, êóñòàðühandmade adj èçãîòîâëåííûé âðó÷íóþ, ðó÷íîé ðàáîòûhandsome adj êðàñèâûé (÷àùå î ìóæ÷èíå)hang v (past, pp hung) âåøàòü, ïîäâåøèâàòü; ðàçâåøèâàòühappen v ñëó÷àòüñÿ, ïðîèñõîäèòühappiness n ñ÷àñòüåhard disk recorder n+n óñòðîéñòâà çàïèñè íà æåñòêèé äèñêhardworking adj óñåðäíûé; ïðèëåæíûé, òðóäîëþáèâûéhave v (past, pp had) 1) èìåòü; 2) åñòü; ïèòühave to v ïðèä¸òñÿ/ñëåäóåò ñäåëàòühay n ñåíîHD TV adj+n HD òåëåâèçîðheading n çàãëàâèå, çàãîëîâîêheadline n ãàçåòíûé çàãîëîâîêheadscarf n pl (headscarves) ãîëîâíîé ïëàòîêhealth n çäîðîâüåhealthy n çäîðîâûéhear v (past, pp heard) ñëûøàòü, óñëûøàòüheat n æàðà, çíîéheat wave n òåïëîâàÿ âîëíàheavy metal n õåâè-ìåòàë (òÿæåëûé ìåòàëë) – æàíð ðîê-ìóçûêèhelpful adj ïîëåçíûéheritage n íàñëåäèå; íàñëåäñòâî, íàñëåäóåìàÿ íåäâèæèìîñòühide v ïðÿòàòühigh-quality adj âûñîêîêà÷åñòâåííûéhigh-tech adj âûñîêîòåõíîëîãè÷íûéhill n õîëì; âîçâûøåííîñòü; ïðèãîðîêHindi adj, n 1. îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê ÿçûêó õèíäè; 2. ÿçûê õèíäèhip hop n õèï-õîï (âèä ìóçûêè)historic adj èñòîðè÷åñêèé, èìåþùèé èñòîðè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèåhit n 1) óäàð, òîë÷îê; 2) ïîïóëÿðíàÿ ïåñåíêà, øëÿãåð, “õèò”hold v (past, pp held) 1) äåðæàòü; óäåðæèâàòü; 2) ïðîâåñòè, óñòðîèòühomeless adj áåçäîìíûé, áåñïðèþòíûé; áåñïðèçîðíûé (î äåòÿõ)homo sapiens n õîìî ñàïèåíñ, ÷åëîâåê êàê ðàçóìíîå ñóùåñòâîhonest adj ÷åñòíûéhoney n ì¸ähonored adj çàñëóæåííûéhorizontal adj ãîðèçîíòàëüíûéhoroscope n ãîðîñêîïhorror film n+n ôèëüì óæàñîâhospitality n ãîñòåïðèèìñòâî, ðàäóøèåhousework n ðàáîòà ïî äîìó; äîìàøíåå õîçÿéñòâî

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How cool! Êàê êðóòî!How long does it take to …? Ñêîëüêî âðåìåíè ïîòðåáóåòñÿ, ÷òîáû ...?how much … ? (ñ íåèñ÷èñëÿåìè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè) ñêîëüêî ...?however adj òåì íå ìåíåå, îäíàêî; íåñìîòðÿ íà ýòîhuman n ÷åëîâå÷åñòâî, ðîä ÷åëîâå÷åñêèé humanoid adj ÷åëîâåêîïîäîáíûé, ãóìàíîèäíûé humanoid-like adj ÷åëîâåêîïîäîáíûéhumble adj 1) ñìèðåííûé, ïîêîðíûé; 2) ñêðîìíûéhundreds of ñîòíèhunger n ãîëîä; äëèòåëüíîå íåäîåäàíèå; ãîëîäàíèå hunting n îõîòà hurricane n óðàãàíhurry (up) v ñïåøèòü, òîðîïèòüñÿhurt v óøèáèòü(ñÿ); ïîðàíèòü(ñÿ); ïðè÷èíÿòü áîëü

idea n 1) èäåÿ, ìûñëü; 2) ïðåäñòàâëåíèå, ïîíÿòèåideal adj èäåàëüíûé, îòëè÷íûéillness n áîëåçíü, çàáîëåâàíèå; íåçäîðîâüåillustration n èëëþñòðàöèÿ, ðèñóíîê, êàðòèíêàimage n 1) èçîáðàæåíèå; 2) îáðàçimaginable adj âîîáðàçèìûé; ìûñëèìûéimagination n âîîáðàæåíèå, ôàíòàçèÿimaginative adj âîîáðàæàåìûéimagine v âîîáðàæàòü, ïðåäñòàâëÿòü ñåáåimmediately adv íåçàìåäëèòåëüíî, íåìåäëåííî, òîò÷àñimpact n âëèÿíèå, âîçäåéñòâèå; ïîñëåäñòâèÿimportant adj âàæíûé, çíà÷èòåëüíûé, ñóùåñòâåííûéimprove v óëó÷øàòü, ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàòüinclude v ñîäåðæàòü, âêëþ÷àòü, îõâàòûâàòü, èìåòü â ñâî¸ì ñîñòàâå including prep âêëþ÷àÿ, â òîì ÷èñëå, âìåñòå ñincrease v óâåëè÷èâàòü, ïîâûøàòü, óñèëèâàòüincredible adj íåïðàâäîïîäîáíûé; íåâåðîÿòíûéindeed adv â äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè, ôàêòè÷åñêèindependent adj íåçàâèñèìûé, ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíûéIndian adj 1) èíäèéñêèé; îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê Èíäèè; 2) èíäèåö; èíäèàíêàindirect speech êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷üindividual adj 1) ëè÷íûé, èíäèâèäóàëüíûé; ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé äëÿ îäíîãî ëèöà; 2) îòäåëüíûé, ÷àñòíûéindustry n pl (-ies) 1) ïðîìûøëåííîñòü, èíäóñòðèÿ; 2) îòðàñëü ïðîìûøëåííîñòèinexpensive adj íåäîðîãîñòîÿùèé, íåäîðîãîé, äåø¸âûéinform v ñîîáùàòü, èçâåùàòü, óâåäîìëÿòü, èíôîðìèðîâàòüinitial adj íà÷àëüíûé, ïåðâîíà÷àëüíûé; èñõîäíûéinitiative n èíèöèàòèâà, íàõîä÷èâîñòü, ïðåäïðèèì÷èâîñòüink n ÷åðíèëàinnovation n íîâîââåäåíèå, íîâøåñòâîinnovative adj íîâàòîðñêèé, ðàöèîíàëèçàòîðñêèé, ïåðåäîâîéinside n âíóòðåííåå ïðîñòðàíñòâî; âíóòðåííÿÿ ÷àñòüinstead (of) adv âìåñòî, âçàìåíinstitute n èíñòèòóòinstrument n 1) îðóäèå; èíñòðóìåíò; ïðèáîð; 2) ìóçûêàëüíûé èíñòðóìåíòintegrate v 1) èíòåãðèðîâàòü, îáúåäèíÿòü, ñîñòàâèòü åäèíîå öåëîå; 2) âêëþ÷èòü â ñîñòàâ, ïðèñîåäèíèòüinterest v, n 1. èíòåðåñîâàòü, âûçûâàòü èíòåðåñ; 2. èíòåðåñbe interested in èíòåðåñîâàòüñÿinterface n óñòðîéñòâî ñîïðÿæåíèÿ; ñâÿçóþùåå çâåíî, èíòåðôåéñinternational adj ìåæäóíàðîäíûé, èíòåðíàöèîíàëüíûéInternet n Èíòåðíåòinterpret v òîëêîâàòü, èíòåðïðåòèðîâàòüinterval n 1) ïðîìåæóòîê, ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó; 2) ïåðåðûâ; ïåðåìåíà introduce v ïðåäñòàâëÿòü, çíàêîìèòüintroduction n ïðåäèñëîâèå, ââåäåíèå; âñòóïëåíèå, âñòóïèòåëüíîå ñëîâîinvent v èçîáðåòàòü, ñîçäàâàòü

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invention n èçîáðåòåíèå, ñîçäàíèåinventor n èçîáðåòàòåëüinverted pyramid n ïåðåâåðíóòàÿ ïèðàìèäàinvolve v 1) âîâëåêàòü, âòÿãèâàòü, âìåøèâàòü; 2) âêëþ÷àòü, ñîäåðæàòü Get involved. Ïðèìèòå àêòèâíîå ó÷àñòèå.iron n 1) óòþã; 2) æåëåçîIslamic adj ìóñóëüìàíñêèé, îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê èñëàìó, èñëàìñêèé issue n 1) âîïðîñ, ïðîáëåìà; 2) âûïóñê, èçäàíèå; íîìåðitem n îòäåëüíûé ïðåäìåò (â ñïèñêå è ò. ï.)itself pron ñåáÿ, ñåáå, ñîáîé

Japanese n, adj 1. ÿïîíåö; ÿïîíêà; ÿïîíñêèé ÿçûê; 2. ÿïîíñêèé jazz n äæàç (âèä ìóçûêè)jewellery n äðàãîöåííîñòè; þâåëèðíûå èçäåëèÿjoin v ñîåäèíÿòü(ñÿ); ñâÿçûâàòü(ñÿ); îáúåäèíÿòüñÿjournalism n æóðíàëèñòèêàjournalist n æóðíàëèñòjoy n ðàäîñòü; âåñåëüå; óäîâîëüñòâèåjug n êóâøèíjump off phr.v ñïðûãíóòüjust adv 1) èìåííî, êàê ðàç, òî÷íî; 2) ïðîñòî, âñåãî ëèøü; 3) òîëüêî ÷òî

keep v (past, pp kept) äåðæàòü, õðàíèòü; íå âûáðàñûâàòü, áåðå÷ükeep doing ïðîäîëæàòü äåëàòükeep on phr.v ïðîäîëæàòükeep up phr.v ïðîäîëæàòü, íå ïðåêðàùàòükind n, adj 1. ðàçíîâèäíîñòü, âèä; 2. äîáðûé, äîáðîæåëàòåëüíûéa kind of 1) âèä ...; ðàçíîâèäíîñòü ...; 2) ÷òî-òî âðîäåall kinds of âñÿêèå (ðàçíûå) ...kinetoscope n êèíåòîñêîïkingdom n êîðîëåâñòâî, öàðñòâî, ãîñóäàðñòâîknighthood n ðûöàðñòâîknowledge n çíàíèå; ïîçíàíèÿthe Koran n = Quran, Qur’an Êîðàí

lack n íåäîñòàòîê, íåõâàòêà; (ïîëíîå) îòñóòñòâèå; íóæäàlacquer n ëàê; ïîëèòóðà; ãëàçóðüladder n ëåñòíèöà (ïðèñòàâíàÿ); òðàï lamp n ëàìïà; ôîíàðü landfill n ñâàëêà ìóñîðà, ìóñîðíàÿ ñâàëêàlandscape n ëàíäøàôò; ïåéçàælaptop n ïîðòàòèâíûé êîìïüþòåðlarge adj áîëüøîé, êðóïíûé; êðóïíîãî ìàñøòàáàlaser n ëó÷ ëàçåðàlast adj, v 1. a) ïðîøëûé; á) ïîñëåäíèé; 2. ïðîäîëæàòüñÿ, äëèòüñÿlately adv â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ latest adj ñàìûé ïîñëåäíèé, ñàìûé ñâåæèéLatin adj, n 1. a) ëàòèíñêèé; á) ðîìàíñêèé; 2. a) ëàòèíñêèé ÿçûê, ëàòûíü; á) ëàòèíèöàlaugh v, n 1. ñìåÿòüñÿ; 2. ñìåõ lead v (past, pp led) 1) âåñòè; ïîêàçûâàòü ïóòü; 2) ðóêîâîäèòü; óïðàâëÿòü leader n ðóêîâîäèòåëü; âîæäü; ãëàâà; êîìàíäèð; ëèäåðleading adj 1) âåäóùèé; ðóêîâîäÿùèé; 2) ãëàâíûé, îñíîâíîéleaf n pl (leaves) ëèñòlearn v èçó÷àòü, ó÷èòü (÷òî-ë.); ó÷èòüñÿ (÷åìó-ë.)learner n o‘rganuvchi, o‘quvchi; talabaleast adj íàèìåíüøèé, ìàëåéøèéat least a) ìèíèìàëüíî; á) âî âñÿêîì (â êðàéíåì) ñëó÷àåleavev (past, pp left) 1) óõîäèòü, óåçæàòü; 2) îñòàâëÿòülede / lead n ïåðâîå ïðåäëîæåíèå èëè àáçàö èíôîðìàöèîííîé ñòàòüèlegend n 1) ëåãåíäà; ïðåäàíèå; 2) ëåãåíäàðíàÿ ëè÷íîñòülegendary adj ëåãåíäàðíûé

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lend v (past, pp lent) äàâàòü âçàéìû, äàâàòü íà âðåìÿlense n ëèíçàless adj ìåíüøèé; ìåíåålethal adj ñìåðòåëüíûé, ëåòàëüíûélevel n 1) óðîâåíü; 2) ñòóïåíü, ñòåïåíü; óðîâåíüliberty n ñâîáîäàlife n pl (lives) æèçíülifetime n ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü æèçíè; öåëàÿ æèçíü lift v ïîäíèìàòülight adj, n 1. a) ñâåòëûé; á) ë¸ãêèé; ñ) áëåäíûé, ñâåòëûé (î öâåòå); 2. a) èñòî÷íèê ñâåòà; îãîíü, ëàìïà è ò. ï.; á) ñâåòlight bulb n (ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ) ëàìïî÷êà lighting n îñâåùåíèålike prep òàê; êàê êòî-ë.; êàê ÷òî-ë. likely adv âåðîÿòíîlimit n ãðàíèöà, ïðåäåëliquid adj, n 1. æèäêèé; òåêó÷èé; 2. æèäêîñòüliterary adj ëèòåðàòóðíûé literature n ëèòåðàòóðàlittle adj 1) ìàëåíüêèé, íåáîëüøîé; 2) ìàëî, ïî÷òè íèñêîëüêîlive adj 1) æèâîé; 2) ïðÿìîé (î ïåðåäà÷å)lively adj æèâîé, ïîëíûé æèçíè; âåñ¸ëûé, îæèâë¸ííûélocal adj ìåñòíûélocation n ìåñòîïîëîæåíèå; ðàñïîëîæåíèålong-term adj 1) äîëãîñðî÷íûé; 2) äîëãîâðåìåííûé, äëèòåëüíûéfor a long time â òå÷åíèå äîëãîãî âðåìåíèlook v 1) ñìîòðåòü, ãëÿäåòü; 2) âûãëÿäåòü, èìåòü âèä, êàçàòüñÿlook for phr.v èñêàòü ÷òî-ë., êîãî-ë.look forward to phr.v ïðåäâêóøàòü (÷òî-ë.); îæèäàòü (÷åãî-ë.) ñ íåòåðïåíèåìlook like áûòü ïîõîæèì; íàïîìèíàòülook through phr.v ïðîñìàòðèâàòülook up phr.v èñêàòü (â ñëîâàðå, ñïðàâî÷íèêå è ò. ï.); íàâîäèòü (ñïðàâêó)lord n 1) ãîñïîäü, áîã; 2) ïîâåëèòåëü, âëàñòèòåëü, âëàñòåëèía lot of/lots of / ìíîãî, ìíîæåñòâîloud adj ãðîìêèé; çâó÷íûéloudly adv ãðîìêî; ãðîìîãëàñíîlow-cost adj íåäîðîãîéloyal adj âåðíûé, ïðåäàííûéloyalty n âåðíîñòü, ïðåäàííîñòü luck n ñ÷àñòüå, óäà÷à; óñïåõ; âåçåíüålyrics n ëèðèêà; ñëîâà, òåêñò ïåñíè

machine n ìàøèíà, ìåõàíèçì madrasah n ìåäðåñåmagazine n æóðíàëmagic n 1) ìàãèÿ, âîëøåáñòâî; êîëäîâñòâî; 2) î÷àðîâàíèåmagic(al) adj 1) âîëøåáíûé, ìàãè÷åñêèé; 2) î÷àðîâàòåëüíûé, âîëøåáíûémagnetic tape n ìàãíèòíàÿ ëåíòàmain adj îñíîâíîé, ãëàâíûémainly adj ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì, â îñíîâíîìmajor adj 1) áîëüøèé, áîëåå âàæíûé; 2) ãëàâíûé; êðóïíûémake v (past, pp made) 1) äåëàòü; èçãîòîâëÿòü; 2) çàñòàâëÿòü, âûíóæäàòümake proud of ãîðäèòüñÿmake up one’s mind ðåøèòüñÿ; ïðèíÿòü ðåøåíèåmale adj ìóæñêîé; ìóæñêîãî ïîëàmanager n óïðàâëÿþùèé, çàâåäóþùèé; äèðåêòîð; ìåíåäæåðman-made adj èñêóññòâåííûé, ñîçäàííûé ðóêàìè ÷åëîâåêàmanner n ìàíåðà; ïîâåäåíèå; îáû÷àè, íðàâûmanual n ðóêîâîäñòâî; ñïðàâî÷íèê, óêàçàòåëü; ïîñîáèåmanuscript n ðóêîïèñümarch v ìàðøèðîâàòü, äâèãàòüñÿ ïîõîäíûì ïîðÿäêîìmarionette n ìàðèîíåòêà

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marriage n áðàê; çàìóæåñòâî; æåíèòüáà; ñóïðóæåñòâîMars n Ìàðñmask n ìàñêàmass adj ìàññîâûé, øèðîêèémass media n+n ñðåäñòâà ìàññîâîé èíôîðìàöèèmaster n 1) õîçÿèí, âëàäåëåö; ãîñïîäèí; 2) ìàñòåðmaster class n+n ìàñòåð êëàññmaster tape n+n ìàñòåð-ëåíòà, îðèãèíàë çàïèñamasterpiece n øåäåâðmasterwork n øåäåâðmatch v 1) ïðîòèâîñòîÿòü; ñîñòÿçàòüñÿ; 2) ïðîòèâîïîñòàâëÿòümaterial adj, n 1. ìàòåðèàëüíûé, âåùåñòâåííûé; 2. a) ìàòåðèàë, âåùåñòâî; á) òêàíü, ìàòåðèÿ; ñ) äàííûå, ìàòåðèàëmathematician n ìàòåìàòèê matinee n äíåâíîé ñïåêòàêëü èëè êîíöåðò matter n, v 1. âåùåñòâî; ìàòåðèÿ; 2. èìåòü çíà÷åíèåmaybe adv ìîæåò áûòü; âîçìîæíîmean v (past, pp meant) îçíà÷àòü, çíà÷èòümeaning n çíà÷åíèå; ñìûñëmeans n ñðåäñòâîmeans of communication ñðåäñòâà ñâÿçè (ñîîáùåíèÿ)mechanism n ìåõàíèçì, àïïàðàò, óñòðîéñòâîmedia n ñðåäñòâà ìàññîâîé èíôîðìàöèèmedicine n 1) ëåêàðñòâî, ìåäèêàìåíò; 2) ìåäèöèíàmedieval adj ñðåäíåâåêîâûémeeting n 1) ñîáðàíèå, ñîâåùàíèå, çàñåäàíèå; 2) âñòðå÷àmelody n pl (-ies) ìåëîäèÿ; íàïåâmember n ÷ëåímemorize v çàïîìèíàòü; çàó÷èâàòü íàèçóñòümemory n pl (-ies) 1) ïàìÿòü; 2) âîñïîìèíàíèå, ïàìÿòümemory stick n+n êàðòà ïàìÿòè, ôëåøêàmentor n íàñòàâíèê, ðóêîâîäèòåëü, âîñïèòàòåëü, ìåíòîðmerit n 1) çàñëóãà; 2) äîñòîèíñòâîmessage n ñîîáùåíèå, äîíåñåíèå; ïèñüìî, ïîñëàíèåmessenger n ñâÿçíîé, ïîñûëüíûé; êóðüåð Mexican n, adj 1. ìåêñèêàíåö; ìåêñèêàíêà; 2. ìåêñèêàíñêèémicrophone n ìèêðîôîí microwave adj, n 1. ìèêðîâîëíîâûé; 2. ìèêðîâîëíîâàÿ ïå÷ümiddle adj ñðåäíèémiddle ages n ñðåäíèå âåêà; ñðåäíåâåêîâüåmiddle eastern adj áëèæíåâîñòî÷íûémiddle ground n ñðåäíèé ôîímight modal v ìîæåò áûòümight be adv ìîæåò áûòü, âîçìîæíîmilitary adj âîåííûé, âîèíñêèémind n 1) óì, ðàçóì; 2) ïàìÿòü; 3) ðàññóäîê, óìdon’t mind v íå âîçðàæàòüto my mind íà ìîé âçãëÿä, ïî ìîåìó ìíåíèþmind-control adj óìñòâåííî êîíòðîëèðóåìûémine v äîáûâàòü (ðóäó è ò. ï.)mineral n ìèíåðàëminiature n ìèíèàòþðàminister n ìèíèñòðministry n pl (-ies) ìèíèñòåðñòâîmiserable adj æàëêèé, íåñ÷àñòíûémiss v ïðîìàõíóòüñÿ, ïðîïóñòèòümission n çàäà÷à; çàäàíèå; ìèññèÿmistake n îøèáêà; íåäîðàçóìåíèåmistakenly adv îøèáî÷íî, ïî îøèáêåmodel n ìîäåëü, ìàêåò; ìîäåëümoment n ìîìåíò, ìèã, ìãíîâåíèå, ìèíóòàmonthly adv åæåìåñÿ÷íûé

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monument n ïàìÿòíèê more adj 1) áîëåå (ñëóæèò äëÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ ñðàâíèò. ñò. ìíîãîñëîæíûõ ïðèëàãàòåëüíûõ); 2) áîëüøå, áîëååthe more… the more … qanchalik … bo‘lsa, shunchalik …moreover adv êðîìå òîãî, áîëåå òîãî, ñâåðõ òîãîmost adj 1. ñàìûé (ñëóæèò äëÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ ïðåâîñõ. ñò. ìíîãîñëîæíûõ ïðèëàãàòåëüíûõ); 2. áîëüøèíñòâîmostly adv ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì; îáûêíîâåííî, îáû÷íîmotion n 1) äâèæåíèå, õîä; 2) òåëîäâèæåíèå; æåñòmotion picture n+n êèíîôèëüì, êèíîêàðòèíàmoustache n óñû; óñmove v äâèãàòü(ñÿ), ïåðåäâèãàòü(ñÿ), ïåðåìåùàòümovement n äâèæåíèå; ïåðåìåùåíèå, ïåðåäâèæåíèåmovie n ôèëüì, êèíîêàðòèíàMP3 player n+n MP3 ïëååðmud n ãðÿçü, ñëÿêîòü multiple adj ìíîãîêðàòíûé; ìíîãî÷èñëåííûé; ìíîæåñòâåííûémusical adj, n 1. ìóçûêàëüíûé; 2. ìóçûêàëüíàÿ (êèíî)êîìåäèÿmusician n ìóçûêàíò

NASA = National Aeronautics and ÍÀÑÀ (íàöèîíàëüíîå óïðàâëåíèå ïî àýðîíàâòèêå è Space Administration èññëåäîâàíèþ êîñìè÷åñêîãî ïðîñòðàíñòâà)nation n íàðîä, íàöèÿ; íàðîäíîñòünational adj íàöèîíàëüíûé, ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé; íàðîäíûénationality n pl (-ies) íàöèîíàëüíîñòünatural adj åñòåñòâåííûé, ïðèðîäíûénatural gas n ïðèðîäíûé ãàçnature n ïðèðîäànature programme n+n ïðîãðàììà î ïðèðîäånature-friendly adj ýêîëîãè÷åñêè áåçîïàñíûånear adv áëèçêèé; áëèçêînecessary adj (ñàìîå) íåîáõîäèìîåneed v, n 1. íóæäàòüñÿ, èìåòü ïîòðåáíîñòü; 2. ïîòðåáíîñòü, íóæäàneed to v íàäî ..., ñëåäóåò ...needle n èãîëêà, èãëànegative adj íåãàòèâíûé, îòðèöàòåëüíûéNepalese adj, n 1. íåïàëüñêèé; 2. íåïàëåö; íåïàëêànervous adj íåðâíûé, íåðâîçíûé, íåðâè÷åñêèénetwork n ñåòü, ñåòêànewborn n íîâîðîæä¸ííûé; òîëüêî ÷òî ðîäèâøèéñÿnewspaper n ãàçåòànewsprint n ãàçåòíàÿ áóìàãànext adj ñëåäóþùèénext to prep ðÿäîì ñ ...Nobel Prize Íîáåëåâñêàÿ ïðåìèÿnobody pron íèêòîno doubt áåç ñîìíåíèÿnon-fiction n äîêóìåíòàëüíàÿ, íàó÷íàÿ ëèòåðàòóðànon-standard adj íåñòàíäàðòíûénormally adv 1) íîðìàëüíî; 2) îáû÷íîthe Norwegians n íîðâåæöûnote n 1) çàìåòêà, çàïèñü; 2) ìóç. íîòànotebook n íîóòáóênothing pron íè÷åãînotice n, v 1. èçâåùåíèå, óâåäîìëåíèå; çàìåòêà; 2. çàìå÷àòünot-renewable adj íå âîçîáíîâëÿåìûénovel n ðîìàínovelist n ðîìàíèñò, àâòîð ðîìàíîânowadays adv â íàøå âðåìÿ, â íàøè äíè; íûíå, òåïåðünuclear power n àòîìíàÿ, ÿäåðíàÿ ýíåðãèÿnumber n 1) íîìåð, ÷èñëî; 2) ÷èñëî, êîëè÷åñòâîa number of ðÿä, íåñêîëüêî, ìíîæåñòâî

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number theory n+n òåîðèÿ ÷èñåënumismatics n íóìèçìàòèêà

object n 1) ïðåäìåò; âåùü; 2) ïðåäìåò; âåùü; 3) ãðàì. äîïîëíåíèåobservation n íàáëþäåíèåobservatory n pl (-ies) îáñåðâàòîðèÿobvious adj ÿâíûé, î÷åâèäíûé; çàìåòíûéoffer v ïðåäëàãàòü; âûäâèãàòüofficial adj îôèöèàëüíûéofficially adv îôèöèàëüíîoil n 1) ìàñëî; 2) íåôòüold-fashioned adj ñòàðîìîäíûé, âûøåäøèé èç ìîäûonce adv (îäèí) ðàç, îäíàæäûone after the other îäèí çà äðóãèìonline adj ïîäêëþ÷¸ííûé ê Èíòåðíåòó, îíëàéígo online v+adv âõîäèòü â Èíòåðíåòonly adv òîëüêî, èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî; åäèíñòâåííîopen v, adj 1. îòêðûâàòü; 2. a) îòêðûòûé; á) îòêðîâåííûé; èñêðåííèé open-air adj ïðîâîäèìûé èëè ïðîèñõîäÿùèé íà îòêðûòîì âîçäóõåopen-minded adj íåïðåäóáåæä¸ííûé, íåïðåäâçÿòûéopera n îïåðàoperate v 1) äåéñòâîâàòü, ðàáîòàòü; 2) óïðàâëÿòü; 3) îïåðèðîâàòü, äåëàòü îïåðàöèèoperation n 1) óïðàâëåíèå; 2) îïåðàöèÿoperator n îïåðàòîðopinion n ìíåíèå; âçãëÿä; óáåæäåíèåopportunity n pl (-ies) óäîáíûé ñëó÷àé; áëàãîïðèÿòíàÿ âîçìîæíîñòüopposite prep, n 1. íàïðîòèâ; 2. ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîñòüoptical adj îïòè÷åñêèé; çðèòåëüíûéoral adj óñòíûéorbit n îðáèòàorchestra n îðêåñòðorchestra pit n+n ìåñòî äëÿ îðêåñòðà èëè õîðà; îðêåñòðîâàÿ ÿìàorder n, v 1. a) ïîðÿäîê; á) îðäåí; ñ) ïðèêàç; 2. ïðèêàçûâàòüin order to prep äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû Order of Merit îðäåí “Çà çàñëóãè”ordinary adj îáû÷íûé, îáûêíîâåííûéorganization n îáúåäèíåíèå, îðãàíèçàöèÿorganize v îðãàíèçîâûâàòü, óñòðàèâàòüget organized áûòü îðãàíèçîâàííûìoriental adj âîñòî÷íûéorigin n 1) èñòî÷íèê; íà÷àëî; 2) ïðîèñõîæäåíèåoriginal adj 1) ïåðâûé, ïåðâîíà÷àëüíûé; 2) îðèãèíàëüíûé, ïîäëèííûéornament n óêðàøåíèå, îðíàìåíòorphanage n ïðèþò äëÿ ñèðîòother det, pron äðóãîéin other words äðóãèìè ñëîâàìèourselves pron 1) ñåáÿ, ñåáå, ñîáîé; 2) ñàìèoutdoor adj íàõîäÿùèéñÿ âíå äîìà, íà îòêðûòîì âîçäóõåoutdoors adv íà îòêðûòîì âîçäóõåoutside adj, adv, prep, n 1. íàðóæíûé, âíåøíèé; 2. ñ íàðóæíîé ñòîðîíû, ñíàðóæè; 3. âíå; çà (ïðåäåëàìè); 4. íàðóæíàÿ ÷àñòü èëè ñòîðîíàoven n ïå÷ü; äóõîâêàover prep 1) íàä; íàâåðõó; íàâåðõ; 2) ñâûøå, ñâåðõ, áîëüøåall over prep äâèæåíèå èëè ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ïî êàêîé-ë. ïîâåðõíîñòè â îïðåäåë¸ííîì èëè ðàçíûõ íàïðàâëåíèÿõ ïî; íàbe over çàêîí÷èòüñÿoverhead adv íàâåðõó, íàä ãîëîâîéoverview n 1) îáùåå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå (î êàêîì-ë. ïðåäìåòå); âïå÷àòëåíèå â îáùèõ ÷åðòàõ; 2) (áåãëûé) îáçîð (äåÿòåëüíîñòè è ò. ï.)own adj ñâîé ñîáñòâåííûéoxygen n pl (-) êèñëîðîä

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pain n, v 1. áîëü; 2. ïðè÷èíÿòü áîëü, áîëåòüpaint v 1) êðàñèòü, ðàñêðàøèâàòü; 2) ïèñàòü êðàñêàìè, çàíèìàòüñÿ æèâîïèñüþpainter n 1) ìàëÿð; 2) õóäîæíèê, æèâîïèñåöpainting n 1) æèâîïèñü; 2) êàðòèíà, èçîáðàæåíèåparagraph n 1) ïàðàãðàô; 2) àáçàöparanormal adj ïàðàíîðìàëüíûéparaphrase v ïåðåñêàçûâàòü, ïàðàôðàçèðîâàòüparcel n ïîñûëêà, áàíäåðîëüPardon! èçâèíèòå, ÿ íå ñëûøàë; ïîæàëóéñòà, ïîâòîðèòå!participant n ó÷àñòíèêparticipate v ó÷àñòâîâàòü, ïðèíÿòü ó÷àñòèåparticipation n ó÷àñòèå; ñîó÷àñòèåparticiple n ïðè÷àñòèåparticular adj îñîáûé, îñîáåííûé; ñïåöèôè÷åñêèépass v 1) èäòè; ïðîõîäèòü; ïðîåçæàòü; 2) ïåðåäàâàòüpasser-by n pl (passers-by) ïðîõîæèé, ïðîåçæèépassive adj, n 1. ïàññèâíûé; 2. ñòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîãpast prep, n 1. ïðîøëûé, ìèíóâøèé; 2. ïðîøëîå, ìèíóâøååpastime n çàíÿòèå, õîááè; ïðèÿòíîå âðåìÿïðåïðîâîæäåíèåpatent n, v 1. ïàòåíò; 2. ïàòåíòîâàòü (÷òî-ë.); áðàòü ïàòåíò (íà ÷òî-ë.)path n òðîïèíêà, òðîïà; äîðîæêàpatient adj òåðïåëèâûépattern n 1) îáðàçåö, ïðèìåð; 2) ðèñóíîê, óçîð, ôîðìà, ìîäåëüpay v (past, pp paid) ïëàòèòü; çàïëàòèòüpay attention v+n îáðàùàòü âíèìàíèå íà ÷òî-ë.peaceful adj 1) òèõèé, ñïîêîéíûé; 2) ìèðíûé, ìèðîëþáèâûépeasant n êðåñòüÿíèípeel v ñíèìàòü êîæèöó, êîðêó, êîæóðó; ÷èñòèòü ôðóêòû, îâîùè penname n ëèòåðàòóðíûé ïñåâäîíèì percent n ïðîöåíòperform v 1) èñïîëíÿòü, èãðàòü (ïüåñó); 2) âûïîëíÿòü, äåëàòüperformance n 1) âûïîëíåíèå, èñïîëíåíèå; 2) ïðåäñòàâëåíèå, ñïåêòàêëüperformer n âûïîëíèòåëü, èñïîëíèòåëü; àðòèñòperhaps adv ìîæåò áûòü, âîçìîæíîperiod n ïåðèîä, ïðîìåæóòîê âðåìåíèperiod of time ïåðèîä âðåìåíèPersian adj 1) ïåðñèäñêèé; 2) ïåðñèäñêèé ÿçûêpersonal adj ëè÷íûé, ïåðñîíàëüíûépersuade v óáåæäàòü; ñêëîíÿòü, óãîâàðèâàòüphilharmonic adj ôèëàðìîíè÷åñêèéphilosopher n ôèëîñîôphonograph n ôîíîãðàôphotograph n ôîòîãðàôè÷åñêèé ñíèìîê, ôîòîãðàôèÿphotographer n ôîòîãðàôphotographic adj ôîòîãðàôè÷åñêèéphotography n pl (-ies) ôîòîãðàôèÿ, ôîòîãðàôèðîâàíèåphrase n ôðàçàphysical adj 1) ôèçè÷åñêèé; 2) òåëåñíûé, ôèçè÷åñêèé; âåùåñòâåííûéphysics n pl (physics) ôèçèêàpianist n ïèàíèñòpick up phr.v 1) ïîäíèìàòü, ïîäáèðàòü; 2) ñîáèðàòü, äîáûâàòüpigeon n ãîëóáüpiloted adj ïèëîòèðóåìûépioneer n ïèîíåð, ïåðâîîòêðûâàòåëü; ïåðâîïðîõîäåöplain adj 1) ïðîñòîé, îáûêíîâåííûé; 2) xunuk, ko‘rimsizplan n 1) ïëàí, çàìûñåë, íàìåðåíèå; 2) ÷åðò¸æ; ñõåìàplanet n ïëàíåòàplant n, v 1. ðàñòåíèå; 2. ñàæàòü; ñåÿòüplastic adj ïëàñòèê; ïëàñòìàññàplay v, n 1. a) èãðàòü; á) èãðàòü (íà ìóçûêàëüíîì èíñòðóìåíòå); ñ) èñïîëíÿòü, èãðàòü ðîëü; 2. a) èãðà; çàáàâà; á) ïüåñà

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playwright n äðàìàòóðãpleasant adj ïðèÿòíûé; ìèëûé, ñëàâíûé; ñèìïàòè÷íûépleasure n óäîâîëüñòâèå; íàñëàæäåíèåplot n ñþæåòplug in phr.v ïîäêëþ÷àòü (ê ñåòè); âñòàâëÿòü âèëêó â ðîçåòêó, øòåïñåëü â ãíåçäîpoem n ñòèõîòâîðåíèåpoet n ïîýòpoetic adj ïîýòè÷åñêèé; îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê ïîýçèèpoetry n 1) ïîýçèÿ; 2) ïîýçèÿ, ïîýòè÷åñêèå ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ, ñòèõèpoint v, n 1. ïîêàçûâàòü, óêàçûâàòü; 2. òî÷êàpoisonous adj ÿäîâèòûépole n 1) ïîëþñ; 2) ñòîëá; øåñòthe Polish ïîëÿêèpolitely adv âåæëèâî; ëþáåçíî; îáõîäèòåëüíîpolitician n ïîëèòèê; ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé, ïîëèòè÷åñêèé äåÿòåëü politics n ïîëèòèêàpollute v çàãðÿçíÿòüpollution n çàãðÿçíåíèåpool n (ïëàâàòåëüíûé) áàññåéípop n ïîï (âèä ìóçûêè)popcorn n ïîïêîðí, âîçäóøíàÿ êóêóðóçàpop-star n ïîï-çâåçäàpopular adj ïîïóëÿðíûé, ïîëüçóþùèéñÿ èçâåñòíîñòüþ, ïîïóëÿðíîñòüþpop-up toaster n òîñòåð-àâòîìàò (ñ âûñêàêèâàþùèì ëîìòèêîì õëåáà) porcelain n ôàðôîð portrait n ïîðòðåòposition n ïîëîæåíèå; äîëæíîñòü, ìåñòîpositive adj ïîçèòèâíûé; ïîëîæèòåëüíûépossibility n pl (-ies) âîçìîæíîñòü, âåðîÿòíîñòüpossible adj âîçìîæíûé, âåðîÿòíûé; ìîãóùèé ïðîèçîéòè, îñóùåñòâèìûépost v 1) îòïðàâëÿòü ïî ïî÷òå; îïóñêàòü â ïî÷òîâûé ÿùèê; 2) ðàçìåñòèòü â Èíòåðíåòåpostal adj ïî÷òîâûépost-it note n öâåòíàÿ áóìàæêà-ñòèêåð, ëèñòî÷êà äëÿ çàïèñåépostmodernist adj ïîñòìîäåðíèñòè÷åêèépot n ãîðøîê; êîòåëîêpour v ëèòü; ëèòüñÿ (î äîæäÿ)poverty n áåäíîñòü, íèùåòàpower n 1) ñèëà; ìîùü; 2) ýíåðãèÿ; ìîùíîñòüpower station n+n ýëåêòðîñòàíöèÿ; ãåíåðàòîðíàÿ ñòàíöèÿ; ñèëîâàÿ ñòàíöèÿ powerful adj ñèëüíûé, ìîùíûé, ìîãó÷èépractical adj ïðàêòè÷åñêèé; ñâÿçàííûé ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì íà ïðàêòèêåpractice n ïðàêòèêàpractise v òðåíèðîâàòüñÿ, óïðàæíÿòüñÿ, ïðàêòèêîâàòüñÿprediction n ïðåäñêàçàíèå; ïðîãíîç; ïðîðî÷åñòâîprefer v ïðåäïî÷èòàòü, îòäàâàòü ïðåäïî÷òåíèåprehistoric adj äîèñòîðè÷åñêèéprepare v ïðèãîòàâëèâàòü, ïîäãîòàâëèâàòü, ãîòîâèòü present n, v 1. a) ïîäàðîê; äàð; á) íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ; 2. ïðåïîäíîñèòü, äàðèòü; 3. ïðåäñòàâëÿòü, äåëàòü ïðåçåíòàöèþat present adv â íàñòîÿùåå /â äàííîå/ âðåìÿpresentation n ïðåäñòàâëåíèå, ïðåçåíòàöèÿpresident n 1) ïðåçèäåíò; ïðåäñåäàòåëü; 2) ðåêòîðpress v æàòü; íàæèìàòü, íàäàâëèâàòü; äàâèòüpress conference n+n ïðåññ-êîíôåðåíöèÿpretty adj ìèëûé, ïðåëåñòíûé; ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûé; õîðîøåíüêèéprice n öåíàprince n ïðèíöprint n, v 1. øðèôò, ïå÷àòü; 2. a) ðàñïå÷àòàòü (íà ïðèíòåðå); á) ïå÷àòàòü, ïóáëèêîâàòü, ïîìåùàòü â ïå÷àòèin print â íàïå÷àòàííîì âèäå; îïóáëèêîâàííûé; íàïå÷àòàííûé

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prisoner n 1) çàêëþ÷¸ííûé, àðåñòàíò; 2) ïëåííèê, óçíèêprize n íàãðàäà, ïðåìèÿ, ïðèçprobably adv âåðîÿòíîprocess n ïðîöåññ; õîä ðàçâèòèÿproduce v ïðîèçâîäèòü, âûðàáàòûâàòü, âûïóñêàòü; èçãîòîâëÿòü product n ïðîäóêò, ïðîäóêöèÿ, èçäåëèå; ôàáðèêàò; òîâàðproduction n 1) ïðîèçâîäñòâî; 2) ïðîäóêöèÿ, ïðîäóêò; 3) ïîñòàíîâêà (ïüåñû, ôèëüìà); ïðîèçâåäåíèå (ëèòåðàòóðû, èñêóññòâà)professional adj ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûéproject n ïðîåêò, ïëàípromise v îáåùàòü; äàâàòü îáåùàíèåpronounce v ïðîèçíîñèòü, âûãîâàðèâàòü, àðòèêóëèðîâàòüpros and cons àðãóìåíòû/äîâîäû “çà” è “ïðîòèâ”; ïëþñû è ìèíóñûprose n ïðîçàprotect v çàùèùàòü, îõðàíÿòü, ïðåäîõðàíÿòüprotection n 1) çàùèòà, îõðàíà, ïðåäîõðàíåíèå; 2) ïîêðîâèòåëüñòâîproud adj 1) ãîðäûé; 2) íàäìåííûé, âûñîêîìåðíûé; çàíîñ÷èâûéprove v äîêàçûâàòü; óäîñòîâåðÿòü, ïîäòâåðæäàòü äîêóìåíòàìèproverb n ïîñëîâèöàprovince n 1) îáëàñòü; 2) ïðîâèíöèÿpublic adj, n 1. îáùåñòâåííûé; íàðîäíûé; ïóáëè÷íûé; 2. íàðîä; ïóáëèêàpublication n îïóáëèêîâàíèå; ïóáëèêàöèÿ; ïðîèçâåäåíèå, èçäàíèåpublish v 1) ïóáëèêîâàòü, îáíàðîäîâàòü; 2) èçäàâàòü, îïóáëèêîâûâàòüpublisher n èçäàòåëü, èçäàòåëüñòâîpublishing n 1) èçäàòåëüñêîå äåëî; 2) èçäàíèå (ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ) puppeteer n êóêîëüíèê, êóêëîâîäpuppet show n êóêîëüíîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå, êóêîëüíûé ñïåêòàêëüpure adj ÷èñòûé; áåñïðèìåñíûépurity n 1) ÷èñòîòà; áåñïðèìåñíîñòü; 2) ÷èñòîòà; áåñïðèìåñíîñòüpurpose n öåëü, íàìåðåíèå; çàìûñåëpush out phr.v îòòîëêíóòü /îòïèõíóòü/ êîãî-ë.put away phr.v óáèðàòü

quality newpaper n îáùåñòâåííî-ïîëèòè÷åñêàÿ ãàçåòàquarterly adv ðàç â êâàðòàë; ðàç â òðè ìåñÿöà; ïîêâàðòàëüíîquartz n êâàðöqueue n, v 1. î÷åðåäü; 2. ñòîÿòü â î÷åðåäèquick adj 1) áûñòðûé, ñêîðûé; 2) áûñòðûé, ïðîâîðíûé; æèâîéquickly adv áûñòðî, ñêîðî; ïîñïåøíî; íåçàìåäëèòåëüíîquiet adj òèõèé; áåñøóìíûé, íåñëûøíûéquietly adv òèõî; áåñøóìíîquite adv 1. âïîëíå, ñîâñåì; ñîâåðøåííî; 2. ïî÷òè, äîâîëüíîquotation n öèòàòàquote n öèòàòà

race n, v 1. ãîíêà, ãîíêè; 2. ó÷àñòâîâàòü â ãîíêàõ / ñêà÷êàõracetrack n ãîíî÷íûé / ñêàêîâîé êðóãrainforest n òðîïè÷åñêèé ëåñ; âëàæíûå äæóíãëèrap n ðýï (âèä ìóçûêè)rapping n èñïîëüíåíèå ðýï rarely adv ðåäêî, íå÷àñòî, èçðåäêàraw material n ñûðü¸reach v 1) äîåçæàòü, äîõîäèòü, äîáèðàòüñÿ; 2. (for) ïðîòÿãèâàòü, âûòÿãèâàòü (ðóêó) react v 1) ðåàãèðîâàòü; îòçûâàòüñÿ; 2) õèì. âñòóïàòü â ðåàêöèþreaction n ðåàêöèÿ, ðåàãèðîâàíèåreader n 1) ÷èòàòåëü; 2) ðèäåð, ÷èòàþùåå óñòðîéñòâî, ñ÷èòûâàòåëüready adj ãîòîâûé; to be ready áûòü ãîòîâûìreal adj äåéñòâèòåëüíûé, ðåàëüíûérealism n ðåàëèçì; ïðàêòè÷íîñòürealistic adj ðåàëèñòè÷åñêèé, ðåàëèñòè÷íûé reality n pl (-ies) äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòü, ðåàëüíîñòü; ðåàëüíîå ñóùåñòâîâàíèå

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really adv äåéñòâèòåëüíî, â äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè; íà ñàìîì äåëåReally? Ðàçâå? Âîò êàê!reason n 1) ïðè÷èíà; 2) îñíîâàíèå receive v 1) ïîëó÷àòü; 2) ïðèíèìàòürecent adj íåäàâíèé, ïîñëåäíèé; íîâûé, ñâåæèérecently adv íåäàâíî; íà äíÿõ; â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ rechargeable adj ïåðåçàðÿæàåìûébe recognized v áûòü ïðèçíàííûìrecommend v ðåêîìåíäîâàòü, ñîâåòîâàòü record v, n 1. çàïèñûâàòü, ðåãèñòðèðîâàòü; 2. a) çàïèñü; á) ðåêîðärecord player n ïðîèãðûâàòåëü recording studio n+n ñòóäèÿ (çâóêî)çàïèñèrecycle v, adj 1. ïåðåðàáàòûâàòü; 2. ïåðåðàáàòûâàåìûéreduce v ñíèæàòü; ñáàâëÿòü, óìåíüøàòü; ñîêðàùàòüreference n 1) ñïðàâêà; 2) ðåêîìåíäàöèÿ; îòçûâreflect v îòðàæàòü(ñÿ)refrigerator n õîëîäèëüíèê, ðåôðèæåðàòîðregional adj îáëàñòíîé, ðàéîííûé, ìåñòíûérelated adj ñâÿçàííûébe related to áûòü ñâÿçàííûì ñrelax v ðàññëàáëÿòü(ñÿ), îñëàáëÿòü(ñÿ); ðàçæèìàòü(ñÿ)relaxed adj ñïîêîéíûé, óðàâíîâåøåííûérelease v âûïóñêàòü íà ýêðàí (ôèëüìà)religious adj 1) ðåëèãèîçíûé; 2) âåðóþùèéremind v íàïîìèíàòü, äåëàòü íàïîìèíàíèå renewable adj âîññòàíîâèìûé, âîçîáíîâëÿåìûé (î ïðèðîäíûõ ðåñóðñàõ)replace v çàìåùàòü, çàìåíÿòü; ñìåíèòü (íà ÷òî-ë.)replant v ïåðåñàæèâàòü (ðàñòåíèå)reply v îòâå÷àòüreport n, v 1. äîêëàä; ñîîáùåíèå; îò÷¸ò; 2. ñîîáùàòü; äîêëàäûâàòüreported speech adj+n êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ürepresent v 1) èçîáðàæàòü èëè ïðåäñòàâëÿòü (â êàêîì-ë. àñïåêòå); ðàçúÿñíÿòü; 2) îëèöåòâîðÿòü; ñèìâîëèçèðîâàòürepublican adj ðåñïóáëèêàíñêèérequire v òðåáîâàòü, ïðèêàçûâàòüresearch n èññëåäîâàíèå, èçûñêàíèå; íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêàÿ ðàáîòàresearcher n èññëåäîâàòåëüresource n (ìàòåðèàëüíûå) çàïàñû, ðåñóðñû, ñðåäñòâàrespect v óâàæàòü, ïî÷èòàòü result n ðåçóëüòàò, èñõîä; ñëåäñòâèåreturn v, n 1. âîçâðàùàòü(ñÿ); 2. âîçâðàùåíèå, îòäà÷à, âîçâðàòreview n, v 1. ðåöåíçèÿ; îòçûâ; 2. ðàññìàòðèâàòü, ïåðåñìàòðèâàòürevolutionary adj ðåâîëþöèîííûérhythm n ðèòìrhyming n ðèôìîâàííûé êóïëåòright adj, n 1. a) ïðàâèëüíûé; 2) ïðàâûé; 2. ïðàâî; ïðèâèëåãèÿring n, v 1. a) êîëüöî; á) ðèíã; ïëîùàäêà (äëÿ áîðüáû); 2. çâîíèòü; ïîçâîíèòürise v, n (past rose; pp risen) 1. âîñõîäèòü; ïîäíèìàòüñÿ; 2. ïîâûøåíèå, óâåëè÷åíèårobotics n ðîáîòåõíèêà, ðîáîòîòåõíèêà rock‘n’roll n ðîê-í-ðîëë (ñòèëü ìóçûêè è òàíöà)role n ðîëüRomanian adj 1) ðóìûíñêèé; 2) ðóìûí; ðóìûíêàromantic adj ðîìàíòè÷åñêèé, ðîìàíòè÷íûéround adj, adv 1. êðóãëûé; øàðîîáðàçíûé; 2. êðóãîìgo round phr.v èäòè êóäà-ë.routine n çàâåä¸ííûé ïîðÿäîê; îïðåäåë¸ííûé ðåæèìroyal adj 1) êîðîëåâñêèé, öàðñêèé; 2) âåëèêîëåïíûé, ðîñêîøíûéroyalty n 1) êîðîëåâñêàÿ âëàñòü; 2) ÷ëåíû êîðîëåâñêîé ñåìüèrub v òåðåòü(ñÿ); ïðîòèðàòü; íàòèðàòürubber sole adj+n ðåçèíîâàÿ ïîäîøâàrubbish n ìóñîð, ñîð, õëàì

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rule n, v 1. ïðàâèëî; 2. óïðàâëÿòü, ïðàâèòü; ãîñïîäñòâîâàòüruler n 1) ëèíåéêà; 2. ïðàâèòåëürun out phr.v êîí÷àòüñÿ, èññÿêàòürunning track n+n áåãîâàÿ äîðîæêàRussian adj, n 1) ðóññêèé; ðóññêàÿ; 2) ðóññêèé ÿçûê

sadness n ïå÷àëü, ãðóñòü, óíûíèå safe adj áåçîïàñíûé; íàõîäÿùèéñÿ â áåçîïàñíîñòèsaid ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ è ïðè÷àñòèå ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè ãëàãîëà “say”sail v ïëàâàòü, ñîâåðøàòü ïëàâàíèå; ïëûòü ïîä ïàðóñàìè(the) same adj òî æå ñàìîå, îäíî è òî æåsatellite n ñàòåëëèò, ñïóòíèêsatellite TV n+n ñïóòíèêîâîå ÒÂsatnav (GPS) n ñïóòíèêîâàÿ íàâèãàöèÿ (GPS)save v 1) óáåðåãàòü; 2) ñïàñàòü; 3) áåðå÷ü, ýêîíîìèòüsaw ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ ãëàãîëà “see”saxophonist n ìóç. ñàêñîôîíèñòsay v (past, pp said) ãîâîðèòü, ñêàçàòü scan v ñêàíèðîâàòüscarecrow n ïóãàëî, ÷ó÷åëî (â ñàäó, îãîðîäå)scene n 1) ìåñòî (ñîáûòèÿ, ïðîèñøåñòâèÿ è ò. ï.); 2) òåàòð. ñöåíà; êàðòèíà; ÿâëåíèå; 3) âèä, ïåéçàæ science n íàóêàscience fiction n+n íàó÷íàÿ ôàíòàñòèêà scientific adj íàó÷íûéscientist n ó÷¸íûéScotch tape n ñêîò÷, êëåéêàÿ ëåíòà (êàíöåëÿðñêàÿ)Scottish adj øîòëàíäñêèéscream v ïðîíçèòåëüíî êðè÷àòü, âîïèòü, âèçæàòü screen n 1. çàùèòà, ïðèêðûòèå; 2. (òåëåâèçèîííûé èëè êèíî) ýêðàísculptor n ñêóëüïòîð, âàÿòåëüsculpture n ñêóëüïòóðà, âàÿíèå seascape n ìàðèíà, ìîðñêîé ïåéçàæ seat n ìåñòî (äëÿ ñèäåíèÿ); ñòóë, ñêàìüÿ, êðåñëîsecondhand adj 1) ïîäåðæàííûé; áûâøèé â óïîòðåáëåíèè; 2) èç âòîðûõ ðóêsecret n ñåêðåò, òàéíà the secret service ñåêðåòíàÿ ñëóæáà; ðàçâåäûâàòåëüíîå óïðàâëåíèåsecurity n pl (-ies) 1) áåçîïàñíîñòü; 2) çàùèòà, îõðàíàsee v (past saw; pp seen) 1) âèäåòü; 2) ïîíèìàòü, ñîçíàâàòüseem v êàçàòüñÿ, ïðåäñòàâëÿòüñÿ self-driving adj ñ àâòîìàòè÷åñêèì óïðàâëåíèåìsell v (past, pp sold) ïðîäàâàòüseller n ïðîäàâåö, òîðãîâåösend v (past, pp sent) ïîñûëàòü, ïðèñûëàòü, îòïðàâëÿòü, îòñûëàòüsenior n âûøåñòîÿùèé, ñòàðøèé (ïî ïîëîæåíèþ, ïî çâàíèþ)serial adj, n 1. ñåðèéíûé; 2. ñåðèàë, ìíîãîñåðèéíûé òåëåôèëüìseries n (pl series) 1) ñåðèÿ, âûïóñê; 2) ðÿä ...serious adj ñåðü¸çíûé; ãëóáîêîìûñëåííûéseriously adv ñåðü¸çíî, âñåðü¸ç server n ñåðâåðservice n ñëóæáà; îáñëóæèâàíèå, ñåðâèñset v (past, pp set) 1. ñòàâèòü, ïîìåùàòü, êëàñòü; 2. óñòàíàâëèâàòü, íàçíà÷àòü (âðåìÿ, öåíó); 3. ñàäèòüñÿ, çàõîäèòü (î ñîëíöå); 4. ñòàâèòü (çàäà÷è, öåëè è ò. ï.)set fire (to) v ïîäæèãàòüset up phr.v 1) îñíîâûâàòü, ó÷ðåæäàòü; 2) ïîìåùàòü, ñòàâèòü, êëàñòüsettle v ïîñåëÿòüñÿsettlement n çàñåëåíèå; ïîñ¸ëîêshape n ôîðìà, î÷åðòàíèåshare v äåëèòü, ðàçäåëÿòü, ðàñïðåäåëÿòü share tea ïîäåëèòüñÿ ÷àåì

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shield n ùèò; çàùèòà; çàùèòíèêship n 1) êîðàáëü; ñóäíî; 2) ñàìîë¸ò, êîñìè÷åñêèé êîðàáëü shopper n ïîêóïàòåëüshort adj 1) êîðîòêèé; 2) íèçêèé, íåâûñîêèéshout v êðè÷àòü; âûêðèêèâàòü; ãðîìêî ãîâîðèòü show v, n 1. ïîêàçûâàòü; 2. øîó, ýñòðàäíîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå; ïîêàçshut v (past, pp shut) çàòâîðÿòü, çàêðûâàòüshy adj çàñòåí÷èâûé, ñòåñíèòåëüíûé, ñòûäëèâûé; ðîáêèéside n ñòîðîíàsign n, v 1. a) âûâåñêà; á) çíàê; 2. ïîäïèñûâàòüsilent movie adj+n íåìîå êèíîsilly adj íåóìíûé, íåðàçóìíûé; ãëóïûésimilar adj ïîõîæèé, ïîäîáíûésimple adj 1) ïðîñòîé, íåòðóäíûé, íåñëîæíûé; 2) ÿâíûé, î÷åâèäíûésimplify v óïðîùàòü; äåëàòü áîëåå ïðîñòûì èëè ïîíÿòíûìsimply adv ïðîñòî, ïðÿìî-òàêèsince prep, conj 1. ...dan beri; 2. modomiki, hamonki; sababli, uchunsingle n ìóç. ñîëüíàÿ ïåñíÿsingle-use adj îäíîðàçîâûé; îäíîðàçîâîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿsite n 1) ìåñòî; 2) (Èíòåðíåò) ñàéòsituation n ñèòóàöèÿ, îáñòàíîâêà, ïîëîæåíèå (äåë)size n ðàçìåð(û), âåëè÷èíà; îáú¸ìskill n ìàñòåðñòâî, èñêóñíîñòü, èñêóññòâî; ëîâêîñòü, óìåíèåskin n êîæàskyscraper n íåáîñêð¸á, âûñîòíûé äîìslightly adv ñëåãêà, íåìíîãî, åäâà; ñëàáîslim adj òîíêèé, ñòðîéíûésmartphone n ñìàðòôîísmell n, v 1. çàïàõ; 2. a) íþõàòü, âäûõàòü çàïàõ; á) ïàõíóòü; èìåòü çàïàõsmog n ñìîã, òóìàí ñ äûìîìsmoke v 1) êóðèòü; 2) äûìèòü; äûìèòüñÿsmoke signal n+n äûìîâîé ñèãíàë, ñèãíàëüíûé äûìso that conj (äëÿ òîãî) ÷òîáûsoap opera n+n “ìûëüíàÿ îïåðà”, òåëåñåðèàësocial adj îáùåñòâåííûé, ñîöèàëüíûésociety n pl (-ies) îáùåñòâåííûé ñòðîé, îáùåñòâîsoft adj ìÿãêèésoftly adv ìÿãêî, íåæíîsoftware n ïðîãðàììíîå îáåñïå÷åíèå, ïðîãðàììíûå ñðåäñòâà soil n ïî÷âà, ãðóíòsolar adj ñîëíå÷íûé, èñïîëüçóþùèé ýíåðãèþ ñîëíöàsolar power n ñîëíå÷íàÿ ýíåðãèÿsoldier n ñîëäàòsolve v ðåøàòü, ðàçðåøàòüsome det, adj íåêîòîðûå; îäíèsomeone pron êòî-òî, êòî-íèáóäü, êòî-ëèáîsomething pron ÷òî-òî, êîå-÷òî; ÷òî-íèáóäüsometimes pron èíîãäà, âðåìÿ îò âðåìåíè, âðåìåíàìèsonnet n ñîíåòsoon adv ñêîðî, âñêîðåsoul n äóøà, ñåðäöåsoundtrack n 1) ôîíîãðàììà; 2) çâóêîâàÿ äîðîæêàsource n èñòî÷íèêthe South Koreans n þæíîêîðåéöûsouvenir n ñóâåíèð, ïàìÿòíûé ïîäàðîêspace n pl (-) 1) êîìîñ; 2) ìåñòî, ïðîñòðàíñòâîspaceflight n êîñìè÷åñêèé ïîëåòspaceman n pl (-men) êîñìîíàâò; àñòðîíàâòspaceship n êîñìè÷åñêèé ëåòàòåëüíûé àïïàðàò, êîñìè÷åñêèé êîðàáëü the Spaniards n èñïàíöûspare adj 1) çàïàñíîé, çàïàñíûé, ðåçåðâíûé; 2) ëèøíèéspeak v (past spoke; pp spoken) ãîâîðèòü

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speaker n ãîâîðÿùèé; âûñòóïàþùèé (íà ñîáðàíèè è ò. ï.)special adj îñîáûé, îñîáåííûé; ñïåöèàëüíûéspecialized adj ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûéspecific n õàðàêòåðíûé, ñïåöèôè÷åñêèéspectator n çðèòåëü; ïîñåòèòåëü (òåàòðà, ñòàäèîíà è ò. ï.)speech n ðå÷ü; ðå÷åâàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòüspeed n ñêîðîñòü; áûñòðîòà, òåìï; ñêîðîñòü õîäàspend v (past, pp spent) 1) òðàòèòü, ðàñòðà÷èâàòü, ðàñõîäîâàòü; 2) ïðîâîäèòü (âðåìÿ)spirit n äóõspoil v (past, pp spoilt) ïîðòèòü(ñÿ)sportswear n ñïîðòèâíàÿ îäåæäàspray n 1) áðûçãè, âîäÿíàÿ ïûëü; 2) áðûçãè, âîäÿíàÿ ïûëü; àýðîçîëüsquare adj, n 1. ïðÿìîóãîëüíèê, êâàäðàò; 2. ïëîùàäü; ñêâåðstage n, v 1. ñöåíà; 2. ñòàâèòü (ïüåñó, îïåðó)stage set n+n äåêîðàöèè è ðåêâèçèò (ê îäíîé ïüåñå) stair n ñòóïåíüêè, ëåñòíèöàstall n ïðèëàâîê, ëîòîêstalls n òåàòð. êðåñëà ïàðòåðàstand v ñòîÿòü; âñòàâàòü; stand for îçíà÷àòü ÷òî-ë.star n, v 1. a) çâåçäà; á) çâåçäà, âûäàþùàÿñÿ ëè÷íîñòü; 2. èãðàòü ãëàâíûå ðîëè; áûòü çâåçäîéstarry adj çâ¸çäíûéstarship n çâåçäîë¸òstate n, adj 1. a) ãîñóäàðñòâî; á) øòàò; 2. a) ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé; á) îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê øòàòóstatesman n pl (-men) ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé äåÿòåëüstay (at) v îñòàâàòüñÿ, íå óõîäèòü; îñòàíàâëèâàòüñÿ, ãîñòèòüsteel n ñòàëüstep n, v 1. a) øàã; á) ýòàï, øàã; 2. øàãàòü, ñòóïàòüstick n ïàëêà, ïàëî÷êàstill adv äî ñèõ ïîð, (âñ¸) åù¸still life n íàòþðìîðòstimulate v ïîáóæäàòü, ïîîùðÿòü; ñòèìóëèðîâàòüstock market n+n ôîíäîâàÿ áèðæà store n ìàãàçèístore data v+n õðàíèòü äàííûåstorey n ýòàæ; ÿðóñstorm n áóðÿ, ãðîçà, óðàãàístormbreaker n ãðîìîáîéstory-line n ñþæåòíàÿ ëèíèÿstrategy n pl (-ies) ñòðàòåãèÿstrength n 1) ñèëà; ñèëüíàÿ ñòîðîíà; 2) ïðî÷íîñòü; êðåïîñòüstress n ñòðåññstressed adj â ñòðåññåstress-free adj áåç ñòðåññàstring n âåð¸âêà, áå÷¸âêàstructure n 1) ñòðóêòóðà; 2) çäàíèå, ñîîðóæåíèå, ñòðîåíèåstudent n ñòóäåíò, ó÷åíèêstudio n ñòóäèÿstudy v, n 1. èçó÷àòü, ó÷èòü, èçó÷àòü; 2. èçó÷åíèå, èññëåäîâàíèåstupid adj 1) ãëóïûé, òóïîé, áåñòîëêîâûé; 2) äóðàöêèéstyle n 1) ñòèëü; 2) ìàíåðà; ñòèëüsubject n 1) ó÷åáíûé ïðåäìåò, äèñöèïëèíà; 2) ïðåäìåò, òåìàsubtitled adj с субтитрамиsuccess n óñïåõ, óäà÷àsuccessful adj óñïåøíûé, óäà÷íûé, èìåþùèé óñïåõsuccessfully adv óñïåøíî(in) succession n последовательностьsuch adj òàêîé, ïîäîáíûésuch as conj à) êàê íàïðèìåð; á) òàêîé êàêsuddenly adv âíåçàïíî, âäðóã, íåîæèäàííî, íåïðåäâèäåííîsuit n êîñòþì

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suitable adj ïîäõîäÿùèé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé; (ïðè)ãîäíûé suitcase n íåáîëüøîé ïëîñêèé ÷åìîäàísunshine n (ÿðêèé) ñîëíå÷íûé ñâåòsuperb adj âåëèêîëåïíûé; âåëè÷åñòâåííûé, ãðàíäèîçíûé superhero n ñóïåðãåðîésuperlative n ãðàì. ïðåâîñõîäíàÿ ñòåïåíü support v 1) ïîääåðæèâàòü; 2) ïîìîãàòü, ïîääåðæèâàòü (ìàòåðèàëüíî)sure adj óâåðåííûé; óáåäèâøèéñÿmake sure v+adj óáåäèòüñÿ, óäîñòîâåðèòüñÿ surf on the Net ïóòåøåñòâîâàòü ïî Èíòåðíåòósurface n ïîâåðõíîñòüsurgery n pl (-ies) õèðóðãèÿsurprise n 1) íåîæèäàííîñòü, ñþðïðèç; 2) óäèâëåíèå, èçóìëåíèåbe surprised óäèâëÿòüñÿsurprising adj óäèâèòåëüíûé, ïîðàçèòåëüíûé; íåîæèäàííûésurround v îêðóæàòü; îáíîñèòü; îáñòóïàòüsurvive v 1) îñòàòüñÿ â æèâûõ, âûæèòü, óöåëåòü; 2) ïðîäîëæàòü ñó - ùåñòâîâàòü, ñîõðàíÿòüñÿswitch off phr.v âûêëþ÷àòü (òîê è ò. ï.)switch on phr.v âêëþ÷àòü (òîê, ìîòîð è ò. ï.) symbol n ñèìâîë; çíàê, óñëîâíîå îáîçíà÷åíèåsymbolic adj ñèìâîëè÷åñêèé; çíàìåíàòåëüíûésymbolize v ñèìâîëèçèðîâàòü; èçîáðàæàòü ñèìâîëè÷åñêèsystem n ñèñòåìà

tablet n 1) òàáëåòêà (ëåêàðñòâî); 2) ïëàíøåòtablet PC n+n ïëàíøåò-êîìïüþòåðtabloid n (ìàëîôîðìàòíàÿ) áóëüâàðíàÿ ãàçåòàtake off phr.v óáèðàòü, óíîñèòütake out phr.v 1) âûíèìàòü; 2) âûâîäèòü (èç äîìó, íà ïðîãóëêó è ò. ï.)take part (in) ó÷àñòâîâàòü, ïðèíÿòü ó÷àñòèåtake place v+n ïðîèñõîäèòü, ñëó÷àòüñÿ; ñîñòîÿòüñÿtake to íåñòètale n 1) ðàññêàç; èñòîðèÿ; ïîâåñòü; 2) âûäóìêètalented adj òàëàíòëèâûé, îäàð¸ííûétalk v, n 1. ðàçãîâàðèâàòü; áåñåäîâàòü; 2. a) ðàçãîâîð, áåñåäà; á) ïåðåãîâîðûtap water n âîäîïðîâîäíàÿ âîäàtape n 1) ëåíòà; 2) ìàãíèòîôîííàÿ ëåíòà, ìàãíèòîôîííàÿ çàïèñütape recorder n ìàãíèòîôîítaste n âêóteach v (past, pp taught) ó÷èòü, îáó÷àòü; ïðåïîäàâàòü (êàêóþ-ë. äèñöèïëèíó)tech adj òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèé, òåõíè÷åñêèétechie n òåõíèêtechnique n 1) òåõíèêà, òåõíè÷åñêîå ìàñòåðñòâî; óìåíèå; 2) òåõíè÷åñêèé ïðè¸ì; ñïîñîá, ìåòîä; ìåòîäèêàtechnologic(al) adj 1) òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèé; 2) òåõíè÷åñêèétechnology n pl (-ies) òåõíîëîãèÿteenager n ïîäðîñòîê; þíîøà èëè äåâóøêàtelecommunication n äèñòàíöèîííàÿ ñâÿçü, òåëåñâÿçü, òåëåêîììóíèêàöèÿtelegraph n òåëåãðàôtelescope n òåëåñêîïtelevision n 1) òåëåâèäåíèå; 2) òåëåâèçîðtell v (past, pp told) ðàññêàçûâàòü; ãîâîðèòüthe Temurids n òåìóðèäûtend v èìåòü òåíäåíöèþ; èìåòü ñêëîííîñòü, áûòü ñêëîííûìterm n òåðìèíterrible adj ñòðàøíûé, óæàñíûé; âíóøàþùèé ñòðàõ, óæàñtest n òåñò; ïðîâåðî÷íàÿ èëè êîíòðîëüíàÿ ðàáîòà; ýêçàìåítest-drive n ïðîáíàÿ åçäà (äî ïîêóïêè àâòîìîáèëÿ) textbook n ó÷åáíèêthank v áëàãîäàðèòü

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thanks to prep áëàãîäàðÿ; èç-çàthat’s why âîò ïî÷åìó; ïîýòîìótheatre n òåàòðtheme n òåìà, ïðåäìåò (ðàçãîâîðà, ðàññóæäåíèÿ, ñî÷èíåíèÿ)themselves pron 1) ñåáÿ, ñåáå, ñîáîé; 2) ñàìèthief n pl (thieves) âîðthink v (past, pp thought) äóìàòü, ðàçìûøëÿòü; ìûñëèòüthinking n ðàçìûøëåíèåthrilling adj âîëíóþùèé, çàõâàòûâàþùèé; ùåêî÷óùèé íåðâû through prep ÷åðåç, ñêâîçüthroughout adv ïîâñþäó, âåçäåthrow v (past threw; pp threwn) áðîñàòü, êèäàòü; øâûðÿòüticket n áèëåòtie n ãàëñòóãtill conj äîtimeline n øêàëà âðåìåíè, õðîíîëîãèÿtin-can n êîíñåðâíàÿ áàíêàtip n íàì¸ê, ñîâåòtitle n çàãëàâèå, íàçâàíèåtobacco n òàáàêtogether adv âìåñòå, ñîâìåñòíî, ñîîáùàtonight adv ñåãîäíÿ âå÷åðîì, íî÷üþ tool n 1) èíñòðóìåíò; îðóäèÿ òðóäà; 2) ñðåäñòâàtop n âåðõóøêà; âåðøèíàitopic n òåìà, ïðåäìåò îáñóæäåíèÿ èëè äèñêóññèètotally adv ïîëíîñòüþ, àáñîëþòíîtouch v 1) êàñàòüñÿ, òðîãàòü; 2) âëèÿòü, îêàçûâàòü âëèÿíèåtour n ïóòåøåñòâèå; ïîåçäêà; ïðîãóëêà; ýêñêóðñèÿtower n áàøíÿ; âûøêàtrack n ñëåä; äîðîæêà trade n 1) òîðãîâëÿ; 2) çàíÿòèå, ðåìåñëî, ïðîôåññèÿ tradition n òðàäèöèÿ; ñòàðûé îáû÷àétraditional adj òðàäèöèîííûétraditionally adv ïî òðàäèöèè, òðàäèöèîííîtragedy n òðàãåäèÿ; òðàãè÷åñêîå ñîáûòèå transfer v ïåðåíîñèòü, ïåðåìåùàòü; ïåðåâîäèòü; ïåðåäàâàòütransport n, v 1. òðàíñïîðò; 2. ïåðåâîçèòü, òðàíñïîðòèðîâàòütransportation n 1) ïåðåâîçêà; òðàíñïîðòèðîâàíèå; 2) òðàíñïîðò, ñðåäñòâà ñîîáùåíèÿtravel n, v 1. ïóòåøåñòâèå; 2. ïóòåøåñòâîâàòütraveller n ïóòåøåñòâåííèê; ïóòíèêtravelling n ïóòåøåñòâèåtropical adj 1) òðîïè÷åñêèé; 2) æàðêèé (î êëèìàòå) try v ïûòàòüñÿ, ñòàðàòüñÿtsunami n öóíàìètune n, v 1. ìåëîäèÿ, ìîòèâ; 2. íàñòðàèâàòüturn n, v 1. î÷åðåäü; 2. ïîâîðà÷èâàòü(ñÿ)turn down phr.v óáàâëÿòü, óìåíüøàòü (ñâåò, ãàç è ò. ï.)turn off v âûêëþ÷àòü (ðàäèî, ãàç); ãàñèòü (ñâåò); çàêðûâàòü (êðàí, âîäó)turn on phr.v âêëþ÷àòü (ãàç, ñâåò, ðàäèî è ò. ï.) turn up phr.v ïðèáàâëÿòü (ãàç, ñâåò); óñèëèâàòü (çâóê); ñäåëàòü ïîãðîì÷å TV guide n+n òåëåâèçèîííàÿ ïðîãðàììàtype n, v 1. òèï, ðàçíîâèäíîñòü; 2. ïèñàòü, ïå÷àòàòü íà ìàøèíêåtypewriter n ïèøóùàÿ ìàøèíêàtypical adj òèïè÷íûé; òèïè÷åñêèé

ugly adj áåçîáðàçíûé; óðîäëèâûé umbrella n çîíò, çîíòèêUN = United Nations ÎÎÍ (Îðãàíèçàöèÿ Îáúåäèí¸ííûõ Íàöèé)uncertainty n íåóâåðåííîñòü, íåðåøèòåëüíîñòüunderground adj ïîäçåìíûé

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unfortunately adv ê íåñ÷àñòüþ, ê ñîæàëåíèþunfriendly adj íåáëàãîïðèÿòíûé; íåäðóæåëþáíûé, íåäðóæåñòâåííûé unhappy adj 1) íåñ÷àñòëèâûé, íåñ÷àñòíûé; 2) ãðóñòíûéunhealthy n âðåäíûé, íåçäîðîâûéunique adj åäèíñòâåííûé â ñâî¸ì ðîäå, óíèêàëüíûé(in) unison adv â óíèñîí; âìåñòåunit n 1) ðàçäåë; 2) åäèíèöà; öåëîåunited adj ñîåäèí¸ííûé, îáúåäèí¸ííûéUnited Nations n Îðãàíèçàöèÿ Îáúåäèí¸ííûõ Íàöèéuniverse n âñåëåííàÿ, ìèð, êîñìîñunkind adj íåäîáðûé, çëîéunknown adj íåèçâåñòíûéunlike prep â îòëè÷èå îòunlimited adj 1) íåîãðàíè÷åííûé; 2. áåçãðàíè÷íûé, áåñïðåäåëüíûéunlucky adj 1) íåóäà÷íûé; íåâåçó÷èé; 2) íåñ÷àñòëèâûéunmanned adj áåñïèëîòíûéunpleasant adj íåïðèÿòíûé, ïðîòèâíûé; îòòàëêèâàþùèéunreal adj íåðåàëüíûé, âîîáðàæàåìûéunskilled adj íåóìåëûé, íåîïûòíûé until prep äî; (äî òåõ ïîð) ïîêà (íå)unusual adj íåîáûêíîâåííûé, íåîáû÷íûéunwanted adj íåæåëàííûé, íåæåëàòåëüíûé; íåíóæíûé upbringing n âîñïèòàíèåupload v ðàçìåñòèòü, çàãðóçèòüurgent adj ñðî÷íûé, íåîòëîæíûé; êðàéíå íåîáõîäèìûéuseless adj áåñïîëåçíûé, òùåòíûéusual adj îáûêíîâåííûé, îáû÷íûé

vacancy n pl (-ies) âàêàíñèÿ, íåçàíÿòàÿ äîëæíîñòüvacation n êàíèêóëû; ïåðåðûâvacuum cleaner n+n ïûëåñîñverse n 1) ñòðîôà; 2) ñòèõè, ïîýçèÿversion n âàðèàíò; âåðñèÿ; ìîäèôèêàöèÿ, òèï, âèävertical adj âåðòèêàëüíûé; ñòîÿ÷èé; íàïðàâëåííûé ââåðõvet n âåòåðèíàð, âåòåðèíàðíûé âðà÷video clip n+n âèäåîêëèïthe Vietnamese n âüåòíàìöû view n, v 1. âèä, ïåéçàæ, ïàíîðàìà; 2. îñìàòðèâàòü, ñìîòðåòüviolin n ìóç. ñêðèïêàviolinist n ñêðèïà÷virtual adj âèðòóàëüíûé, ôàêòè÷åñêèé, äåéñòâèòåëüíûévirtual reality headset øëåì âèðòóàëüíîé ðåàëüíîñòèvirus n âèðóñvisit v, n 1. õîäèòü, åçäèòü (êóäà-ë.); 2. âèçèò, ïîñåùåíèåvisual adj çðèòåëüíûé; íàãëÿäíûé; âèçóàëüíûévocabulary n 1) ñëîâíèê; 2) ñëîâàðíûé çàïàñ / ñîñòàâ (ÿçûêà), ëåêñèêàvocal adj âîêàëüíûé, ãîëîñîâîé; ðå÷åâîé voice n ãîëîñvolunteer n, v 1. äîáðîâîëåö, âîëîíò¸ð; 2. ïîñòóïèòü äîáðîâîëüöåì, âîëîíò¸ðîì vote v ãîëîñîâàòü, áàëëîòèðîâàòü, âîòèðîâàòü

wait (for) v æäàòü; îæèäàòü; äîæèäàòüñÿwaste n pl (-), v 1. îòõîäû; 2. ðàñòî÷àòü; ðàñòðà÷èâàòü áåç ïîëüçûwaste-to-energy adj ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå îòõîäîâ â ýíåðãèþwatch v, n 1. a) ñìîòðåòü; á) íàáëþäàòü; 2. ÷àñû (íàðó÷íûå) water power n âîäíàÿ ýíåðãèÿ, ãèäðîýíåðãèÿwatercolours n àêâàðåëü, àêâàðåëüíûå êðàñêèwave n âîëíàwave power n âîëíîýíåðãåòèêàwavy adj âüþùèéñÿ, âîëíèñòûé (î âîëîñàõ)wax n, adj 1. a) âîñê; á) ïàðàôèí; 2. âîñêîâîé; âîù¸íûé

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waxworks n ïàíîïòèêóì; ãàëåðåÿ âîñêîâûõ ôèãóðway n 1) ïóòü; äîðîãà; 2) íàïðàâëåíèå; 3) ìåòîä, ñïîñîáon the way to ïî ïóòè, ïî äîðîãåwear v (past wore; pp worn) áûòü îäåòûì (âî ÷òî-ë.); íîñèòü (îäåæäó è ò. ï.)weather n ïîãîäàweb browser n+n âåá-áðàóçåðweb page n+n âåá-ñòðàíèöàwebsite n âåá-ñàéòweekly adv åæåíåäåëüíî, êàæäóþ íåäåëþ; ðàç â íåäåëþwelcome v ïðèâåòñòâîâàòü (ãîñòÿ); ðàäóøíî ïðèíèìàòüwell-known adj èçâåñòíûé, çíàìåíèòûé, ïîïóëÿðíûé,Welsh adj, n 1. âàëëèéñêèé, óýëüñêèé; 2. âàëëèéñêèé, óýëüñêèé ÿçûêWhat is more áîëüøå òîãîwhat kind of êàêîé?; êàêîãî ðîäà?whatever pron 1) êàêîé áû íè; 2) ÷òî áû íè; 3) ëþáîé; âñ¸, ÷òîwheat n ïøåíèöàwheel n 1) êîëåñî; êîë¸ñèêî; 2) ðóëåâîå êîëåñî, øòóðâàëwheeled adj êîë¸ñíûé; íà êîë¸ñàõwhether conj ââîäèò: à) êîñâåííûé âîïðîñ ëè; á) ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæå- íèÿ, âûðàæàþùèå ñîìíåíèå, íåóâåðåííîñòü, âûáîð ëèwhile conj ââîäèò âðåìåííûå ïðèäàòî÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, âûðàæàþùèå: à) äåéñòâèå, ïðîöåññ, âî âðåìÿ ñîâåðøåíèÿ êîòîðîãî ÷òî-ë. ïðîèñõîäèò ïîêà; â òî âðåìÿ êàê; êîãäà; á) ââîäèò ïðåäëîæå- íèÿ, âûðàæàþùèå ïðîòèâîïîñòàâëåíèå â òî æå âðåìÿ; òîãäà êàê; àwhisper v øåïòàòü, ãîâîðèòü ø¸ïîòîì whole adj 1) öåëûé; ïîëíûé; 2) âåñü, öåëûéwide adj 1. øèðîêèé, îáøèðíûé; îãðîìíûé; 2. øèðîêî îòêðûòûéwidely adv øèðîêîwild adj, n 1. äèêèé; 2. äåáðè, ÷àùàwildlife n æèâàÿ ïðèðîäà; äèêèå æèâîòíûåwind n âåòåðwind power n 1) âåòðîâàÿ ýíåðãèÿ; 2) âåòðîâàÿ ýíåðãåòèêàwindmill n âåòðÿíàÿ ìåëüíèöàwinner n ïîáåäèòåëüwise adj ìóäðûé, ïðåìóäðûé; óìóäð¸ííûé; óìíûé, ðàçóìíûéwisely adv ìóäðî, ñ óìîìwish n, v 1. æåëàíèå; ïîæåëàíèå; 2. æåëàòü, õîòåòüwithin the framework of smth. â ðàìêàõ ÷åãî-ë.without prep 1) áåç ...; 2) (áåç òîãî ÷òîáû) íå, òàê ÷òîáû íåwizard n êîëäóí, ìàã, ÷àðîäåé, êóäåñíèê, âîëøåáíèêwonderful adj óäèâèòåëüíûé, èçóìèòåëüíûé, ïîðàçèòåëüíûéwood n 1) ëåñ; ðîùà; 2) äðåâåñèíà; ëåñîìàòåðèàëwoodcutter n 1) äðîâîñåê; ëåñîðóá; ðóáùèê (ëåñà); 2) ãðàâ¸ð ïî äåðåâó wool n 1) øåðñò; 2) øåðñòÿíàÿ òêàíü èëè îäåæäàworkshop n 1) ìàñòåðñêàÿ; öåõ; 2) êðóæîê; ñòóäèÿ; ñåìèíàðWorld Wide Web âñåìèðíàÿ ïàóòèíà; âñåìèðíàÿ ñåòü Èíòåðíåòàworry n, v 1. áåñïîêîéñòâî, âîëíåíèå; 2. áåñïîêîèòü,(ñÿ) âîëíîâàòü(ñÿ)wrestling n áîðüáàwritten ïðè÷àñòèå ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè ãëàãîëà “write”

young adj ìîëîäîé; þíûéyourself pron ñåáÿ, ñåáå, ñîáîé, ñàì, ñàìà, ñàìè youth n ìîëîäîñòü, þíîñòü; þíîøà, ìîëîäîé ÷åëîâåêyouthful adj 1) þíûé, ìîëîäîé; 2) þíîøåñêèé; ñâîéñòâåííûé ìîëîäîñòèYugoslavian adj þãîñëàâñêèé

zoology n çîîëîãèÿ

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Atlantic Ocean n Àòëàíòè÷åñêèé îêåàíAustralia n ÀâñòðàëèÿBelgium n ÁåëüãèÿBishkek n ÁèøêåêBombay n ÁîìáåéBritain n ÁðèòàíèÿBuckingham Palace n Áóêèíãåìñêèé äâîðåö California n Êàëèôîðíèÿ (øòàò ÑØÀ)the Caucasus n ÊàâêàçCentral Africa n Öåíòðàëüíàÿ ÀôðèêàCentral Asia n Öåíòðàëüíàÿ ÀçèÿChina n ÊèòàéColumbia n ÊîëóìáèÿDenmark n ÄàíèÿDublin n ÄóáëèíEcuador n ÝêâàäîðEgypt n ÅãèïåòEngland n ÀíãëèÿEurasia n Åâðàçèÿ Europe n ÅâðîïàFrance n ÔðàíöèÿGeneva n Æåíåâà Germany n ÃåðìàíèÿGhana n ÃàíàGreece n ÃðåöèÿHolland n ÃîëëàíäèÿIceland n IcelandIllinois n Èëëèíîéñ (øòàò ÑØÀ)India n ÈíäèÿJapan n ßïîíèÿKokand n ÊîêàíäLahore n ËàõîðLatin America n Ëàòèíñêàÿ ÀìåðèêàMarathon n ÌàðàôîíMassachusetts n Ìàññà÷óñåòñ (øòàò ÑØÀ) Mexico n Ìåêñèêàthe Netherlands n ÍèäåðëàíäûNorth Sea n Ñåâåðíîå ìîðåNorway n ÍîðâåãèÿOslo n ÎñëîPeru n ÏåðóPhilippines n ÔèëèïïèíûPoland n ÏîëüøàRomania n ÐóìûíèÿRussia n ÐîññèÿSan Francisco n Ñàí-Ôðàíöèñêî (øòàò ÑØÀ) Saudi Arabia n Ñàóäîâñêàÿ ÀðàâèÿScotland n ØîòëàíäèÿScottish Island Øîòëàíäñêèé îñòðîâShetland n ØåòëàíäSouth Korea n Þæíàÿ ÊîðåÿSouthampton n ÑàóòãåìïòîíSpain n ÈñïàíèÿStockholm n Ñòîêãîëüì Strasbourg n ÑòðàñáóðãSwitzerland n Øâåéöàðèÿ Sydney n ÑèäíåéThailand n ÒàèëàíäTurkey n ÒóðöèÿUnited States n Ñîåäèí¸ííûå Øòàòû ÀìåðèêèVenice n ÂåíåöèÿVietnam n ÂüåòíàìWestminster Abbey n Âåñòìèíñòåðñêîå àááàòñòâî

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Ñâåäåíèÿ î ñîñòîÿíèè ó÷åáíèêà, âûäàííîãî íà ïðîêàò

¹Èìÿ, ôàìèëèÿ

ó÷åíèêà

Ó÷åá-íûéãîä

Ñîñòîÿíèåó÷åáíèêà

ïðèïîëó÷åíèè

Ïîäïèñüêëàññíîãîðóêîâîäè-

òåëÿ

Ñîñòîÿíèåó÷åáíèêà ïðè

ñäà÷å

Ïîäïèñüêëàññíîãîðóêîâîäè-

òåëÿ

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Òàáëèöà çàïîëíÿåòñÿ êëàññíûì ðóêîâîäèòåëåì ïðè ïåðåäà÷å ó÷åáíèêàâ ïîëüçîâàíèå è âîçâðàùåíèè íàçàä â êîíöå ó÷åáíîãî ãîäà. Ïðè çàïîëíåíèè

òàáëèöû èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ñëåäóþùèå îöåíî÷íûå êðèòåðèè:

Íîâûé Ñîñòîÿíèå ó÷åáíèêà ïðè ïåðâîé ïåðåäà÷å.

ÕîðîøîÎáëîæêà öåëà, íå îòîðâàíà îò îñíîâíîé ÷àñòè êíèãè. Âñå ñòðà íèöû â íàëè÷èè, íå ïîðâàíû íà ñòðàíèöàõ íåò çàïèñåé è ïîìàðîê.

Óäîâëåòâî-ðèòåëüíî

Îáëîæêà íå ñìÿòà, ñëåãêà èñïà÷êàíà, êðàÿ ñòåðòû. Óäîâëåò âî-ðè òåëüíî âîññòàíîâëåí ïîëüçîâàòåëåì. Âûðâàííûå ñòðàíèöû âîñ ñòàíîâëåíû, íî íåêîòîðûå ñòðàíèöû èñ÷åð÷åíû.

Íåóäîâëåò-âîðèòåëüíî

Îáëîæêà èñïà÷êàíà, ïîðâàíà, êîðåøîê îòîðâàí îò îñíîâíîé ÷àñòè êíèãè èëè ñîâñåì îòñóòñòâóåò. Ñòðàíèöû ïîðâàíû, íåêî-òîðûõ âîîáùå íå õâàòàåò, èìåþùèåñÿ èñ÷åð÷åíû, èñïà÷êàíû. Ó÷åáíèê ê äàëüíåéøîìó ïîëüçîâàíèþ íå ïðèãîäåí, âîññòà-íîâèòü íåëüçÿ.

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€¦ · Lesson 1 Independence Day 1 Write the words with the suffixes -ion/-tion, -er. 2 Answer the questions. Write your answers. Classwork Classwork Homework Classwork and homework