Lesson 1 | Matter and Its Properties...What were some properties of the cornstarch and water before they were mixed? 2. Key Concept How were the properties of the mixture different

Matter: Properties and Changes 7

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Lesson 1 | Matter and Its Properties

Student Labs and Activities Page

Launch Lab 8

Content Vocabulary 9

Lesson Outline 10

MiniLab 12

Content Practice A 13

Content Practice B 14

Math Skills 15

School to Home 16

Key Concept Builders 17

Enrichment 21

Challenge 22

Skill Practice 23

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8 Matter: Properties and Changes

How can you describe a substance?Think about the different ways you can describe a type of matter. Is it hard? Can you pour it? What color is it? Answering questions like these can help you describe the properties of a substance. In this lab, you will observe how the properties of a mixture can be very different from the properties of the substances it is made from.

Procedure

Launch Lab LESSON 1: 15 minutes

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Using a small plastic spoon, measure two spoonfuls of cornstarch into a clear plastic cup. What does the cornstarch look like? What does it feel like?

Data and Observations

Think About This 1. What were some properties of the cornstarch and water before they were mixed?

2. Key Concept How were the properties of the mixture different from the original properties of the cornstarch and water?

3. Slowly stir one spoonful of water into the cup containing the cornstarch. Gently roll the new substance around in the cup with your finger.

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Matter and Its Properties Directions: Use the clues and the terms listed below to complete the puzzle.

Content Vocabulary LESSON 1

Clues Across 2. matter’s condition or physical property

4. has no definite shape or volume

9. any characteristic that you can observe without changing a material’s identity

10. amount of space a material occupies

11. has definite volume; no definite shape

Down 1. ability or inability to change into

one or more new substances

3. amount of matter in an object

5. has definite shape and volume

6. has mass and takes up space

7. substance dissolves into another

8. a substance’s mass per unit volume

chemical property density gas

liquid mass matter

physical property solid solubility

state volume

1

2

3 4 5

7 8

6

11

9

10


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Matter and Its PropertiesA. What is matter?

1. Anything that takes up space and has mass is .

2. from the Sun is not matter, although you can see it.

B. States of Matter

1. The amount of space a material occupies is its .

2. Any matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume is

a(n) .

3. Any matter that has a definite volume but does not have a definite shape is

a(n) .

4. Any matter that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume is

a(n) .

5. All matter is formed of tiny particles that are constantly .

a. The particles in a(n) stay in one place but move quickly back and forth in all directions.

b. The particles in a(n) can slide past one another.

c. The particles in a(n) move freely.

6. The particles in matter one another.

C. What are physical properties?

1. A physical property is any characteristic of a material that you can observe without

the identity of the material.

2. One physical property is , which is the amount of matter in an object.

3. is the gravitational pull on an object.

4. The weight of an object depends on the of an object; for example, objects weigh more on Earth than on the Moon.

5. Multiply the length, width, and height of a regular object to calculate

its .

6. The mass per unit volume of a substance is its .

Lesson Outline LESSON 1


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Lesson Outline continued

7. The ability of one material to dissolve in another is .

8. The point is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.

9. The point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas.

10. is a property that allows some materials to attract certain metals.

D. What are chemical properties?

1. A chemical property is a characteristic of a material that you can observe as it

to a different substance.

2. is the ability of a material to burn easily.

3. changes to rust when it reacts with water and oxygen in the air.

E. Identifying Matter Using Physical Properties

1. and boiling points do not depend on the amount of the material, so they are good properties for identifying unknown substances.

2. Sometimes you have to observe more than one to identify an unknown material.

F. Sorting Materials Using Properties

1. Physical properties and chemical properties are useful for

materials.

2. An example of a(n) property is the tendency for milk or yogurt to spoil.

G. Separating Mixtures Using Physical Properties

1. You can separate mixed materials by melting or the mixture.

2. You can separate some mixed materials using a(n) to attract some materials and not others.


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MiniLab LESSON 1: 10 minutes

How can you find an object’s mass and volume?Procedure 1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Obtain a small sample of modeling clay.

3. Using a balance, find the mass of the sample. Record it in the Data and Observations section below.

4. Add exactly 25 mL of tap water to a 50-mL graduated cylinder.

Data and Observations

Analyze and Conclude 1. Compare the volume of the water with the total volume of the water and the clay.

What is the volume of the clay?

2. Key Concept Why are mass and volume considered physical properties?

5. Shape the clay so that it can be placed into the graduated cylinder.

6. Slide the clay into the graduated cylinder. Record the new volume of the water.


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Matter and Its PropertiesDirections: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only once.

Content Practice A LESSON 1

1. anything that has mass and takes up space

2. a state of matter with a definite shape and volume

3. a state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape

4. a state of matter that does not have a definite volume or a definite shape

5. the amount of matter in an object

6. the gravitational pull on an object

7. the amount of space an object occupies

8. the mass per cubic volume of a substance

9. a characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material

10. a characteristic of a material that can be observed as the material reacts with or changes into a different substance

11. the ability of one material to dissolve in another

12. the ability to burn easily

A. liquid

B. mass

C. physical property

D. volume

E. gas

F. solubility

G. chemical property

H. solid

I. weight

J. flammability

K. matter

L. density


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Matter and Its PropertiesDirections: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.

1. What is matter?

2. Explain the properties of a solid, a liquid, and a gas.

a. solid:

b. liquid:

c. gas:

3. Explain the difference between mass and weight.

4. What are physical properties of a material?

5. What are chemical properties of a material?

6. What is density?

7. What happens when iron rusts?

Content Practice B LESSON 1



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Solve a One-Step EquationDensity is the mass per unit volume of a material. Density can be calculated using the equation below, where D = density (in g/cm3), m = mass (in g), and v = volume (in cm3). D = m __ v

You can rearrange the equation to solve for mass or volume. m = D × v v = m __ D

A mineral sample has a mass of 32.5 g and a volume of 9 cm3. Find the density.

Step 1 Identify the variable you will solve for and choose the appropriate equation. You are solving for D, density.

D = m __ v .

Step 2 Substitute the known values to solve the equation.

D = 32.5 g

______ 9 cm3

D = 3.61 g

______ cm3

Practice

Math Skills LESSON 1

1. If the mass of a solid is 25 g and its volume is 50 cm3, what is its density?

2. If the volume of a solid is 100 cm3 and its mass is 400 g, what is its density?

3. A solid has a volume of 64 cm3. Its mass is 288 g. What is its density?

4. The mass of a rock sample is 25 g and its density is 5 g/cm3. What is the volume of the rock sample?

5. The volume of a rock sample is 8 cm3 and its density is 2 g/cm3. What is the mass of the rock sample?

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Matter and Its Properties Directions: Use your textbook to answer each question or respond to each statement.

1. With your learning partner, half-fill a small, clear drinking glass with water. Then add a small amount of vegetable oil to the glass. Let the liquids sit. Record your observations.

2. Which liquid has a greater density—the oil or the water? How do you know?

3. Density is a physical property of objects. List five other physical properties.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

4. List two chemical properties of matter.

a.

b.

School to Home LESSON 1

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Matter and Its PropertiesKey Concept How do particles move in solids, liquids, and gases?

Directions: Water is a familiar substance that moves easily among the three states. In the box below, put a check mark in the column that represents the state of each of the given forms of water.

Gas Liquid Solid

1. Cloud

2. Ice

3. Snow

4. Steam

5. Rain

Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that correctly completes each sentence.

6. Matter is made of particles that are constantly (moving /transforming).

7. A solid has a definite volume and (temperature/shape).

8. A material that flows freely in all directions is a (liquid/gas).

Key Concept Builder LESSON 1

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Matter and Its PropertiesKey Concept How do particles move in solids, liquids, and gases?

Directions: Complete the chart below. Write the missing characteristics for each of the states of matter and draw a simple sketch of molecules in the states of matter. Some information has already been filled in for you.

State of Matter Characteristics Sketch of Molecules

1. Gas •

•

• weak attractive forces between particles

2. Liquid •

• particles close together

•

3. Solid • definite shape and volume

•

•




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Matter and Its PropertiesKey Concept How are physical properties different from chemical properties?

Directions: Tyson and Maria have been assigned to write a report on some common characteristics of materials. Tyson says that he will write about characteristics that represent physical properties of materials. Maria will write about characteristics that are chemical properties. Next to each of the characteristics listed below, write the name of the person who will be writing about it.

1. boiling point

2. ability to rust

3. density

4. solubility

5. flammability

6. heat absorption

7. reactions with acids

Directions: Complete each item on the lines provided.

8. Hydrogen and helium have been used in airships because they are lighter than air. Is

that a physical or a chemical property of the two gases?

9. Which chemical property of helium makes it a better choice than hydrogen for use in

airships?

10. An object has mass and weight. On the Moon, an object would have the same

as on Earth, but it would have a lower

.

11. Are mass and weight physical or chemical properties?




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Key Concept Builder

Matter and Its PropertiesKey Concept How are properties used to identify a substance?

Directions: Suppose you were given five plastic balls of different sizes containing unknown materials. The colors, masses, and volumes of the balls are given below. Sort the balls by increasing volume, mass, and density.

red ball—3 cubic centimeters, 6 grams

yellow ball—50 cm3, 25 g

green ball—25 cm3, 100 g

white ball—2 cm3, 2 g

black ball—10 cm3, 150 g

1. volume:

2. mass:

3. density:

Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.

4. What type of properties did you use to sort the balls?

5. One of the balls contains a porous material with a density of 0.5 g/cm3. Which ball is

it?

6. Pure gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3. One of the balls contains a metal with a very

high percentage of gold. Which ball is it?

7. Give three physical properties that can be used to separate a mixture.

LESSON 1



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Mass, Weight, and the Planets

Enrichment

Mass and weight are concepts that are often misunderstood. It is important to remember that mass and weight are not the same thing and that size does not determine an object’s mass or weight.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. A beach ball can be larger than a bowling ball, but the bowling ball has more mass because it has more matter in it than the beach ball has.

Weight can be understood as a particular kind of force—a force due to the attraction of gravity. The bowling ball weighs more than the beach ball because the gravitational pull on the amount of mass in the bowling ball is greater than the gravitational pull on the amount of mass in the beach ball.

The same concept can be applied to your mass and weight. Your mass is the amount of matter in your body, and it remains the same wherever you go. Your weight will be the same anywhere on Earth, because the same force of gravity is pulling on it. The force of gravity on other planets, however, is different from the force on Earth, so your weight on other planets will also be different. Another difference between planets is density, which is the amount of matter in a given space, or how closely packed the material is in objects of the same size. One example of this would be the difference between how closely the

material in a glass is packed compared to the material in a plastic foam cup of the same size. Density is measured in grams per cubic centimeter.

The table lists the relative gravity and density of each of the planets in the solar system. The gravity and mass values are calculated relative to Earth, which is given a value of 1.0.

• Select a piece of sports gear, a backpack filled with school books, or another item you use often. Find out how much it weighs. Record it on the chart.

• Multiply the object’s weight times the gravity at each location to calculate its weight on the planets and in outer space.

LocationWeight

on Earth

Planet Gravity

Weight in

Other Places

Density of

Planet

Diameter of Planet

(km)

Earth 1.0 5.52 12,756

Outer space

0

Venus 0.90 5.24 12,104

Mars 0.38 6.42 6,794

Mercury 0.38 5.43 4,879

Jupiter 2.36 1.25 142,980

Saturn 0.92 0.6288 120,540

Uranus 0.89 0.922 51,120

Neptune 1.13 1.697 49,530

LESSON 1

Applying Critical-Thinking SkillsDirections: Respond to each statement.

1. Describe where something weighs the most and where it weighs the least and explain what causes the difference.

2. Explain why an object’s weight in outer space is zero.

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Challenge

Advertising Matter and Its PropertiesCreate an advertising or propaganda poster, flyer, newspaper ad, or video clip praising

the virtues of one of the states of matter. For example, a liquid moves in beautiful shapes and makes pleasant sounds. Compare the perceived benefits of the properties of your chosen state of matter with the perceived negatives of the other states. Include a slogan, jingle, or any other advertising or propaganda strategy.

LESSON 1

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How can you calculate density?Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. In this lab, you will measure the mass of a solid block. Next you will measure the volume in two different ways. Then you will calculate the density of the block for each volume measurement.

Learn ItScientists take measurements when collecting data. In this lab, you will measure mass and volume, then use these data to calculate density.

Try It 1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. In your Science Journal, copy the data table from your textbook. Use a triple beam balance to measure the mass of the metal block. Record your measurements.

3. Use a metric ruler to measure the length, width, and height of a metal block. Record your measurements.

4. Pour about 30 mL of water into a 100-mL graduated cylinder. Record the volume of the water.

5. Carefully slide the metal block into the graduated cylinder. Record the total volume.

6. Using the measurements from step 3, determine the volume of the block using this equation: volume = length × width × height.

7. Find the volume of the block using displacement. Subtract the volume of the water in step 4 from the volume of the water and block in step 5.

Apply It 8. Calculate Using the mass and each volume measurement of the block, calculate the

density.

9. Compare the density of the block calculated by the two different methods. Hint: 1 mL = 1 cm3. Are they the same? Why or why not?

10. Key Concept Why is density a physical property of the block?

Measure Skill Practice LESSON 1: 15 minutes

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Documents

Lesson 1 | Matter and Its Properties...What were some properties of the cornstarch and water before they were mixed? 2. Key Concept How were the properties of the mixture different