Lesson 1 | Substances and Mixtures

Student Labs and Activities Page Appropriate For:

Launch Lab 8 all students

Content Vocabulary 9 all studentsLesson Outline 10 all studentsMiniLab 12 all studentsContent Practice A 13

Content Practice B 14

School to Home 15 all studentsKey Concept Builders 16

Enrichment 20 all studentsChallenge 21

AssessmentLesson Quiz A 22

Lesson Quiz B 23

Approaching Level On Level Beyond Level English-Language Learner

Teacher evaluation will determine which activities to use or modify to meet any student’s proficiency level.

Matter and Atoms 7

Name Date Class

LESSON 1: 10 minutes

Can you always see the parts of materials?If you eat a pizza, you can see the cheese, the pepperoni, and the other parts it is made from.Can you always see the individual parts when you mix materials?

Procedure1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Observe the materials at the eightstations your teacher has set up.

3. Record in the Data and Observationssection below the name and a shortdescription of each material.

Data and Observations

Think About This1. Classify Which materials have easily identifiable parts?

2. Key Concept Is it always easy to see the parts of materials that are mixed? Explain.

Launch Lab

8 Matter and Atoms

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and MixturesDirections: Explain the differences between the terms in each pair on the lines provided. Use complete sentences.

1. heterogeneous mixture; homogenous mixture

2. atom; element

3. element; compound

4. substance; mixture

5. molecule; atom

6. compound; molecule

7. individual; multiple

8. chemical change; physical change

9. matter; substance

Matter and Atoms 9

Content Vocabulary

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and MixturesA. What is matter?

1. Anything that has mass and takes up space is considered to

be .

2. Types of , including heat, sound, and electricity, and

such as magnetism and gravity are not matter.

B. What is matter made of?

1. The building blocks of matter are small particles called .

2. The different ways that atoms combine with each other help us identify different

types of .

C. Classifying Matter

1. Scientists classify all matter into two main groups:

and .

2. The difference between the two main kinds of matter is

their .

D. What is a substance?

1. Matter with a composition that is always the same is

a(n) .

2. A substance made up on only one kind of atom, such as gold is

a(n) .

a. Some elements are formed of , which are units

formed of two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds.

b. There are about 115 elements, each of which has its own

chemical .

3. A(n) is a substance made up of two or more elements

that are chemically joined in a specific combination; most matter is formed

of .

E. What is a mixture?

1. Matter that can vary in its composition is a(n) .

2. The substances that make up are not bonded together.

10 Matter and Atoms

Lesson Outline

Name Date Class

Lesson Outline continued

F. Types of Mixtures

1. Mixtures differ in how the substances that form themare mixed.

2. A mixture, such as trail mix, in which the substances are not evenly mixed is

a(n) mixture.

3. A mixture in which two or more substances are evenly mixed, but not bonded

together is a(n) mixture, also called

a(n) .

4. All three states of matter can be a(n) or a solvent ina solution.

G. Compounds v. Mixtures

1. The parts of any kind of , including trail mix, soda,and air, keep their properties.

2. The atoms that make up a(n) are bonded together, soits composition is always the same.

3. The substances that make up a(n) are not bondedtogether, so adding more of one substance in a solution will not change thecomposition of the solution.

4. You can separate the parts of any mixture by using processes.

a. A(n) , a strainer, or a ladle can be used to separate the

parts of a(n) mixture.

b. The best methods for separating a(n) mixture—a

solution—is to use or evaporation.

H. Visualizing Classification of Matter

1. Matter can be classified as a(n) or

a(n) .

2. A substance can be classified as a(n) or

a(n) .

3. A mixture can be classified as

or .

4. All the matter in every category is made up of .

Matter and Atoms 11

Name Date Class

LESSON 1: 20 minutes

How do elements, compounds, and mixtures differ?The elements in a compound cannot be separated easily. However, you often can use theproperties of the substances in a mixture to separate them.

Procedure1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Observe samples of sand and ironfilings with a magnifying lens.Record your observations in the Dataand Observations section below.

3. Combine the sand and iron filings in aclear cup. Stir with a toothpick.

Observe the mixture with themagnifying lens. Record yourobservations.

4. Cover one end of a magnet withplastic wrap. Stir the mixture withthe covered magnet. Record yourobservations.

Data and Observations

Analyze and Conclude1. Classify The formula for sand is SiO2. The symbol for iron is Fe. Use this to classify each

as an element, a compound, or a mixture.

2. Key Concept What are two ways you could tell from your observations that thecombination of sand and iron filings is a mixture and not a substance?

12 Matter and Atoms

MiniLab

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and MixturesDirections: Use the clues to complete the crossword puzzle.

CluesAcross

1. a mixture in which two or moresubstances are evenly mixed but notbonded together

6. a mixture in which the substances arenot evenly mixed

7. two or more atoms that are heldtogether by chemical bonds and actas a unit

8. matter with a composition that isalways the same

Down2. anything that has mass and takes

up space

3. substance made of only one kind ofatom

4. a small particle that is the buildingblock of matter

5. substance made of two or moreelements that are chemically joinedin a specific combination

Matter and Atoms 13

Content Practice A

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and MixturesDirections: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If thestatement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided.

1. Gravity is matter because it does not have mass and volume.

2. Each type of atom has a different number of smaller particles.

3. The composition of a substance is always the same.

4. The substances in a mixture are bonded together.

5. All atoms of an element are alike.

6. The atoms in a molecule are held together by chemical bonds.

7. Elements can be classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

8. Compounds are made of atoms of the same element bonded together.

9. Soda is an example of a heterogeneous mixture, or a mixture in which two or

more substances are evenly mixed but not bonded together.

14 Matter and Atoms

Content Practice B

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and MixturesDirections: Use your textbook to complete the activity.

Use the word bank below to complete the concept map describing how matter is classified.

compounds elements heterogeneous mixtureshomogeneous mixtures mixtures substance

Matter and Atoms 15

Matter

which are which are in which in which

made up of onlyone kind of atom.

two or morekinds of atoms

chemicallyjoined inspecific

combinations.

a. b.

c. d. e. f.

can be classified as

which can be which can be

the componentsare not evenly

mixed.

two or morecomponents areevenly mixed but

not bonded.

School to Home

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and MixturesKey Concept What is the relationship among atoms, elements, and compounds?

Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement in the space provided.

1. What is an atom?

2. What happens when atomscombine?

3. What is an element?

4. Name three elements.

5. What is the relationship amongatoms, elements, and molecules?

6. What is a compound?

7. Name three compounds.

8. What information about acompound is found in itschemical formula?

9. How are atoms related toelements and compounds?

16 Matter and Atoms

Key Concept Builder

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and MixturesKey Concept How are some mixtures different from solutions?

Directions: On the line before each item, write HE if the item represents a heterogeneous mixture or HO if theitem represents a homogeneous mixture.

1. granite

2. smoke

3. soda

4. brass

5. trail mix

6. air

7. tap water

Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.

8. What is the difference between a heterogeneous mixture and a homogeneous mixture?

9. Which mixtures listed in the activity above are solutions? Explain your answer.

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Key Concept Builder

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and MixturesKey Concept How do mixtures and compounds differ?

Directions: Complete the chart by writing the correct term from the word bank on the lines provided. Some termsmay be used more than once or not at all.

atoms compounds elementsheterogeneous mixture homogeneous mixture massmatter mixtures substances

(5.)

• made up of one or more types of atoms in the same combinations• two types: (6.) and (7.)

(8.) • made of only one type of atom• organized on the periodic table• have a chemical symbol

(9.) • made of two or more types of atoms bonded

together• properties are different from the elements

that make it up• have chemical formulas

(10.) • made of two or more (11.) that are not bonded together

• Combinations of subtances can vary.

• two types: (12.) and (13.)

(14.) • two or more substances unevenly mixed• different substances visible by unaided eye

or microscope

(15.) • two or more substances evenly mixed• Different substances cannot be seen by a

microscope.

Matter• anything that has (1.) and takes up space• most made of (2.) • two classifications: (3.) and (4.)

Key Concept Builder

18 Matter and Atoms

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and MixturesKey Concept How do mixtures and compounds differ?

Directions: Put a check mark on the line before each property that is typical of a compound.

1. made of only one kind of atom

2. made of unbonded substances

3. is a substance

4. made of elements that are bonded together

5. represented by a chemical formula

6. Identity is not changed by changing the amount of its substances.

7. is the smallest part of an element

8. is often made of molecules

Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.

9. Compare the composition of a mixture and a compound.

10. Compare what happens when you change the composition of a mixture and a compound.

Matter and Atoms 19

Key Concept Builder

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Categorizing MixturesYou have learned that a mixture can be

heterogeneous or homogenous. Mixturesare also classified based on the size anddistribution of the solute particles.

SuspensionsIn a suspension, one substance is finely

divided and temporarily suspendedthroughout another substance. Particles in asuspension are often large enough to see.The substances can be mixed by shaking,but the dispersed substance eventually settlesout because of the particle size. Commonsuspensions include sand in water or Italiansalad dressing.

Because of their size, particles of asuspension can often be separated througha filter. For example, you could use filterpaper to separate the solids from theliquids in salad dressing. People use filterson a furnace to clean the dust particlesfrom air and prevent them from settling onsurfaces around the house.

A suspension of liquid droplets or finesolid particles in a gas is called an aerosol.In the atmosphere, these consist of fine dustand soot particles that appear as haze, smog,or air pollution.

Aerosol cans are often used to apply paintto small surfaces. The gas in the can is underpressure. When you press the button, the gasescapes, carrying droplets of paint outward.

ColloidsA colloid is a permanent suspension.

The particles of the suspended substanceare larger than particles in a solution butsmaller than those in a suspension. Becausethey are so tiny, they don’t settle out. Theyremain suspended and cannot be filteredout. Gelatin and milk are colloids. If youshine a flashlight through gelatin orthrough water containing a few drops ofmilk, you can see the beam of light becauseit reflects from the particles.

An emulsion is a type of colloid inwhich the two substances normally form asuspension. For example, oil and water forma suspension that eventually separates. Ifanother substance is added that breaks theoil into colloid size particles, an emulsionforms. Examples of an emulsion aremayonnaise, butter, and margarine.

The parts in a colloid can be solids,liquids, or gases, although there is nocolloid of a gas in a gas.

Applying Critical-Thinking SkillsDirections: Answer each question.

1. Distinguish What distinguishes a suspension and a colloid? What distinguishes a colloidand a solution?

2. Observe You have two glasses of red liquid. One is red food coloring dissolved in water.The other is red gelatin dissolved in water. How can you tell which glass holds the gelatin?

3. Infer If you shine a flashlight through air in a darkened room, you can see that theair is filled with tiny particles of dust. What would determine whether this dust is asuspension or a colloid?

Enrichment

20 Matter and Atoms

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Pure WaterMany people around the world have a shortage of freshwater, but live near oceans. Oceans

contain pure water, many different dissolved salts, microscopic sea animals, and bits of wood,plants, and rock.

Design a Procedure to Purify SeawaterDesign a procedure to separate the pure water in seawater from the other materials in it.

Keep in mind that, in many poor countries, electricity is not as readily available as it is in theUnited States. Make your procedure as simple as possible so the average person could do it toobtain freshwater.

Outline your design in the space below. Draw a diagram of the procedure and label eachpart clearly so that anyone could follow it to obtain freshwater.

Matter and Atoms 21

Challenge

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and MixturesMultiple ChoiceDirections: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Some substances are chemically combined in specific combinations. These are

A. compounds.B. homogeneous mixtures.C. heterogeneous mixtures.

2. Which item is a form of matter?

A. airB. soundC. gravity

3. Which item is a substance?

A. trail mixB. table saltC. breakfast cereal

True or FalseDirections: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If thestatement is false, change the underlined word to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided.

4. A(n) compound is a substance made up of one kind of atom.

5. Matter with a composition that is always the same is called a(n) substance.

6. A(n) atom is a small particle that is the building block of matter.

7. A molecule is made up of two or more compounds.

8. A(n) mixture is matter that can vary in composition.

22 Matter and Atoms

Lesson Quiz A

Name Date Class

LESSON 1

Substances and MixturesMultiple ChoiceDirections: On the line before each question, write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which statement describes a compound?A. It contains a solute.B. Its composition can vary.C. Its combination of atoms never changes.D. Its components keep separate properties.

2. Which item is NOT a type of matter?A. forceB. mixtureC. elementD. compound

3. Which combination can be used to classify all the matter on Earth?A. forces and energyB. atoms and elementsC. solvents and solutesD. substances and mixtures

CompletionDirections: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Not allterms are used.

atom compound elementmixture molecule substance

4. A(n) is a substance that is made up of one kind of atom.

5. Matter that has a composition that is always the same isa(n) .

6. A(n) is the basic building block of matter.

7. A(n) is composed of two or more atoms held together bychemical bonds.

8. Matter that can vary in composition is a(n) .

Matter and Atoms 23

Lesson Quiz B