Lesson 10 Elevated Working Platforms

OSHA 10 Hour Construction

Lesson 10 Elevated Working Platforms Introduction Aerial Platforms ........................................................... 3

Definitions ....................................................................................... 4

Your company’s Responsibilities..................................................... 6

Employee Responsibilities .............................................................. 7

Controls......................................................................................... 16 UPPER CONTROLS ....................................................................... 16 LOWER CONTROLS....................................................................... 17 EMERGENCY STOP CONTROLS...................................................... 17

Inspections.................................................................................... 17 FREQUENT .................................................................................. 17 SEMI-ANNUAL.............................................................................. 18 WORKPLACE................................................................................ 19

Operator Training .......................................................................... 19

Operation Of Aerial Platforms ....................................................... 20

Operator Instructions And Warnings ............................................. 21 PRECAUTION FOR OTHER MOVING EQUIPMENT .............................. 21 REPORTING PROBLEMS OR MALFUNCTIONS................................... 21 REPORTING POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS ........................ 22 HAZARDOUS LOCATION OPERATION............................................... 22 ENTANGLEMENT........................................................................... 22 CAPACITY LIMITATIONS................................................................. 22 WORK AREA................................................................................ 22 FUELING...................................................................................... 22 BATTERY CHARGING .................................................................... 22 IMPROPER PLATFORM STABILIZATION ............................................ 22 MISUSE AS A CRANE.................................................................... 23 UNUSUAL OPERATING SUPPORT CONDITIONS ................................ 23 TRAVEL SPEEDS .......................................................................... 23 ELEVATED DRIVING REQUIREMENTS .............................................. 23 STUNT DRIVING ........................................................................... 23 SECURITY.................................................................................... 23 ALTERING SAFETY DEVICES.......................................................... 23 DRIVING ON SLOPES.................................................................... 24 SNAGGED PLATFORM ................................................................... 24

Appendix A: Inspection Checklists ................................................ 25

Elevated Working Platforms Page 1


DAILY ..........................................................................................25 WEEKLY ......................................................................................25 MONTHLY ....................................................................................26 SEMI-ANNUAL ..............................................................................28

Appendix B: Operating Instructions ...............................................29 PRELIMINARY COMMENTS .............................................................29 BEFORE OPERATING UNIT.............................................................30 OPERATOR’S POSITION .................................................................31 STEERING....................................................................................31 TRAVELING ..................................................................................32 BRAKING......................................................................................32 ELEVATING AND LOWERING...........................................................32 PLATFORM SWIVELING ..................................................................32 IGNITION ......................................................................................33 HORN BUTTON .............................................................................33 EMERGENCY STOP BUTTON ..........................................................33 OPERATING TIPS ..........................................................................33

Appendix C: MSAD........................................................................35



Introduction Aerial Platforms The information in this training section will provide you with knowledge and skills to help prevent accidents associated with the use of self-propelled elevating work platforms. Most fatal accidents occur when employees are aloft in the aerial device performing normal job functions. The types of incidents involved:

• Operating procedures

• Equipment malfunction or failure

• Environmental conditions

OSHA standards and ANSI standards apply to self-propelled integral chassis aerial platforms having a platform that cannot be positioned completely beyond the base and are used to position personnel, along with their necessary tools and materials, at work locations. Aerial platforms are power operated with primary functions, including drive, controlled from the platform.

The standards for self-propelled elevating aerial platforms were established to achieve the following objectives:

• Prevention of accidents and personal injuries

• Establishment and understanding by owners, users, and operators, of their respective responsibilities

Self-propelled elevating aerial platforms are generally intended for use over level surfaces. Normally, they are not insulated for use near electrically energized circuits nor are they intended for use in hazardous locations. Any self-propelled elevating aerial platform intended for use around electrically energized circuits need to meet the electrical requirements found in other OSHA regulations and ANSI standards.

The operation of any aerial platform is subject to certain hazards that can be



protected against only by the exercise of intelligence, care, and common sense and not by mechanical means. It is essential to have competent. Personnel trained in the intended use, safe operation, maintenance and service of this type of equipment.

Definitions The following is a list of definitions used in regard to elevated working platforms:

Aerial platform: A mobile device that has an adjustable position platform supported from ground level by a structure.

Authorized personnel (authorized person): Personnel approved as assigned to perform a specific type of duty or duties at a specific location or locations at a work site.

Base: The relevant contact points of the aerial plat form that form the stability fulcrum (e.g. wheels, casters, outriggers, and stabilizers).

Chassis: The integral part of the aerial platform that provides mobility and support for the elevating assembly.

Configuration: All positions in which an aerial plat form or any part thereof can be placed within its intended operating limits.

Dealer: A person or entity that buys from a manufacturer or distributor and who generally sells, rents, and services aerial platforms.

Delivery: Transfer of care, control, and custody of the aerial platform from one person or entity to another · person or entity.

Directional controls: Controls that initiate functions that affect movement of the platform or the aerial platform.

Elevating assembly: The mechanisms used to position the platform relative to the aerial platform chassis.



Guardrail system: A vertical barrier erected to prevent personnel from falling to lower levels.

Hazardous location: Any location that contains, or has the potential to contain, an explosive or flammable atmosphere as defined by ANSI/NFPA 505.

Instability: A condition of an aerial platform in which the sum of the moments that tend to overturn the unit exceeds the sum of the moments tending to resist overturning.

Insulated platform: A platform designed and tested to meet the specific electrical insulation ratings consistent with the manufacturer's identification plate.

Interlock: A control or mechanism that, under specified conditions, automatically allows or prevents the operation of another control or mechanism.

Manufacturer: A person or entity that makes, builds, or produces an aerial platform.

Maximum travel height: The maximum platform height or the most adverse configuration(s) with respect to stability in which the manufacturer permits travel.

Modification, modifies: To make a change(s) to an aerial platform that affects the operation, stability, safety factors, rated load or safety of the aerial platform in any way.

Operator: A qualified person who controls the movement of the aerial platform.

Outriggers: Devices that increase the stability of the aerial platform and that are capable of lifting and leveling the aerial platform.

Override. To take over aerial platform movement control functions at the upper control station by those at the lower control station.

Owner: A person or entity that has possession of an aerial platform by virtue of proof of purchase.

Passive: Automatically performed and not requiring any specific operator action to accomplish.



Platform: The portion of an aerial platform intended to be occupied by personnel with their necessary tools and materials.

Platform height: The vertical distance measured from the floor of the platform to the surface upon which the machine is being supported.

Powered functions: Those that control motion of the platform or the aerial platform and are caused by electro-mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic forces.

Qualified person: A person, who by reason of knowledge, experience, or training is familiar with the operation to be performed and the hazards involved.

Rated workload: The designed carrying capacity of the aerial platform as specified by the manufacturer shall. The word "shall" is to be understood as being mandatory.

Stability/stable: A condition of an aerial platform in which the sum of the moments that tend to overturn the unit is less than or equal to the sum of the moments tending to resist overturning.

Stabilizers: Devices that increase the stability of the aerial platform but are not capable of lifting or

leveling the aerial platform.

Unintended motion or motion unintended by operator: Motion of the aerial platform or platform without activation or any control.

Unrestricted rated workload: The maximum designed carrying capacity of the aerial platform allowed by the manufacturer in all operating configurations.

User: A person(s) or entity that has care, control and custody of the aerial platform. This person or entity may also be a dealer, owner, lessor, lessee, or operator.

Your company’s Responsibilities Your company subscribes to the principles of safety, training, inspection, maintenance, application, and operations in all divisions of the company. Your company keeps and



maintains copies of the operating and maintenance manuals for all equipment used by employees.

Maintenance of aerial platforms is accomplished on a regular basis through an established preventative maintenance program. Additionally, proper training of maintenance personnel and operators of the aerial platforms to recognize problems is an integral part of the preventative maintenance program. Your company's preventative maintenance program includes daily, weekly, monthly and semi-annual inspections. The inspection checklists can be found in Appendix A of this document.

Employee Responsibilities Your company employees, that use aerial platforms in the performance of their work duties, have direct control over the application and operation of the equipment. Employees are expected to conform to good safety practices in the use and operation of aerial lifts. Decisions to use the aerial platform must always be made with due consideration for the fact that the aerial platform will be carrying personnel whose safety is dependent upon those decisions.

Users of aerial platforms will keep and maintain a copy of the operating and maintenance manual that is provided by your company. The manual is considered an important integral part of the aerial platform and is vital to communicate necessary safety information to the user or operator.

Your company employees that operate aerial platforms shall inspect and maintain the aerial platform as required to ensure proper safe operation. The frequency of inspection and maintenance shall be determined by the manufacturer's recommendations and be compatible with operating conditions and the severity of the operating environment.

Aerial platforms that are not in proper operating condition shall be immediately removed from service until repaired. A qualified person shall make repairs and the repairs shall be in conformance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Accidents Accidents occur every year as workers use aerial devices to gain access to hard to reach locations. Telephone, electric,



telecommunications, and tree service companies often use articulated boom aerial devices, commonly referred to "bucket trucks", to install, service, and maintain telephone lines and electrical conductors. Defectively designed or improperly used "bucket trucks" can result in workers literally "falling out of the sky", causing serious or fatal injuries.

According to ANSI, the design of articulated boom aerial devices is covered in ANSI A92.2 "Vehicle-mounted Elevating and Rotating Aerial Devices". Self-propelled and manually propelled elevated work platforms are covered in ANSI A92.6 and A92.3, respectfully.

Two potential types of accidents involving "bucket trucks" which would result in operators "falling out of the sky" are an overturn and boom failure. Outriggers are often used in the design of "bucket trucks" to increase stability. Overturn accidents may be the result of using the vehicle on an excessively sloped surface, improper use of outriggers, overloading of boom/bucket or defective design of vehicle that includes the outriggers. Accident investigation of the circumstances, area of overturn and manufacturers’ specifications should be evaluated to determine the cause of the overturn.

"Bucket trucks" may be designed to use either hydraulic systems or electrical systems to raise and lower the booms. ANSI A92.2 requires that either design have safety features that would prevent movement of the boom or bucket in the event of a hydraulic line failure or a loss of power. Boom failure can be the result of a defectively designed safety system or an improperly maintained hydraulic or electrical system.

Properly designed and operated articulated boom aerial devices, "bucket trucks", can reduce the number of accidents where operators literally "fall out of the sky".



In response to the need for descriptive data on how fatal workplace incidents occur, the Division of Data Analysis has conducted this study of selected occupational fatalities related to vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platforms. This information is useful for standards review and development, as an aid in regulatory assessment, in developing training and educational programs, in providing consultation and in targeting compliance efforts. It follows previous studies of occupational fatalities that utilize case reports of OSHA fatality/catastrophe investigations by the compliance offices.

OSHA regulations require that all workplace fatalities be reported to the nearest Area Office in State and Federal jurisdictions within 48 hours of the event. A completed preliminary Fatality/Catastrophe Event Report Form (OSHA 36) is reviewed by the Area Director to determine if an investigation is warranted. If an investigation is performed, the compliance officer files a report of the incident in the Area Office containing a description of the incident, statements of witnesses, a list of citations to be issued for violations of standards, and other related information. Copies of case files are obtained from Area Offices under Federal jurisdiction and are the basis for this report and those preceding it.

The information in the case files is used for descriptive information on how fatal accidents may occur. In addition, an analysis of citations for violation of existing standards is made. Short narratives of the incidents are presented.

Type of Incident Classification The type of incident classification is based on the activity that seemed to be the precipitating event resulting in death. The behavior of humans, the malfunctioning of equipment, environmental conditions or other events, all play a role in fatal incidents. If these can be identified, preventive measures could be developed and implemented more effectively. Often there are several factors involved. The factor that appears most likely to be the one that precipitated the incident is used to classify the event.

These factors tend to cluster as:



• operating procedures

• equipment/material/facility related

• environmental conditions

• other

Operating Procedures These are incidents that resulted from the employee or employer not following designated work and safety procedures or there were none available. They include safeguarding the work area, the use of appropriate personal protective equipment and all work activities under the control of the worker.

Equipment/Material/Facility Related These are incidents that resulted from malfunctioning or failure of equipment, hazardous materials, collapse of structures, etc.

Environmental Conditions These are incidents that resulted from unusual weather conditions such as heavy rains, excessive heat or coldness, or strong, gusty winds. There were no incidents classified in this study as resulting directly from environmental conditions.

Other These are incidents that cannot be specifically assigned to operating procedures, equipment/material/facility related or environmental conditions.

Types of Accident Classification Most of the fatal incidents occurred when the employee was aloft in the aerial device. A sizable number of these involved contact with energized electrical lines and other sources of current. They are included in accidents involving vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platforms because the employee was working from the aerial platform (basket or bucket) when he was electrocuted. Often this was a result of maneuvering the platform into the power lines or otherwise



coming in contact with energized sources of electricity with grounding occurring through the bucket and boom. Other fatal incidents involved falls from the aerial platform, falls with the boom and bucket when the truck overturned, falls with the collapse of the boom, etc.

Employee Activity at the Time of Injury Classification The employee activity at the time of the fatal incident is the third classification of these occurrences. While it is recognized that what the worker was doing at the time of the accident may or may not be the direct cause of the accident, this activity was an integral part of the event and intersected with the other three classifications. When the activity of the deceased at the moment the accident occurs is known, the information is used. Otherwise, the general assigned activity, e.g., working on transformers, replacing light bulbs, repairing overhead lines, etc., is used.

Performing Normal Job

The worker was engaged in an activity that was part of his assigned work tasks. He or she may have been moving from one work area to another or changing work positions in the performance of the job.

Performing Other Than Normal Job

The worker was engaged in an activity that was not related to assigned work tasks. He or she may have been performing a task not usually done by the worker; employee was on break, etc.

Unknown Activity

It was not reported or it was not clear what type of work activity was taking place at the time of the incident.

Work Location at the Time of Injury Classification This classification describes the location of the worker when the incident occurred. The locations in most cases involved an aerial platform (basket or bucket).



After the cases were coded by type of incident, type of accident employee activity and work location, relevant data summaries were made. All cases (34) are presented by incident type classification in the report.

Types of Fatal Incidents Operating Procedures These incidents occurred when:

• There was a failure to take proper safety procedures around energized overhead power lines.

• Employee elevated or otherwise moved aerial platform (basket/bucket) into energized power lines.

• There was careless operation of the truck/vehicle of the aerial device.

• Outriggers (stabilizers) were not extended or were extended improperly.

• There was a failure to operate boom safely; boom off center.

• Workers untrained/unfamiliar with aerial lift were allowed to operate it.

• Workers cut into energized lines/wires.

• Front wheels of aerial lift vehicle slipped off trailer when unloading it.

• Worker overreacted to controls while operating bucket.

• There was a failure to follow instructions.

• Lack of visual/oral communication occurred.



Case Studies

Case One The service technician was "changing out" a pole, i.e., securing a cable TV line from an old pole to a new pole nearby. He was working from the bucket of an un-insulated aerial lift. He had attached a "come along" to the cable to hold it in place while he transferred it from the old pole to the new pole. The electrical conductor on the old pole was about 3 1/2" from the new pole. The new pole contacted the 20 KV (phase to ground) power line. The employee was apparently in contact with the new pole and the cable TV line. He received an electrical shock and fell out of the bucket approximately 23' to the ground. He suffered no broken bones. The cause of death was electrocution. He was not wearing a safety belt and was not tied off.

Standards Cited Related to The Incident: 1910.67(b)(4)(iii) The owner of electric power lines or his authorized representative was not notified and provided with all pertinent information before operation of aerial lifts in close proximity to electrical power lines. 1910.268(n)(11)(iv) Insulated gloves were not worn. 1910.67(c)(2)(v) A body belt was not worn with a lanyard attached to a boom or bucket when working from an aerial lift. 1910.268(b)(6) Inspection of support structure of aerial lift before use. 1910.67(c)(2)(ix) Controls were not marked. 1910.268(c) Employer did not assure that employee not engage in telecommunications work until employee was properly trained in precautions and safe practices.



Case Two The lineman, who had ten years of experience in the field, was working from an aerial lift stringing support wires for a TV cable. Tree branches were in the way and he used a saw to cut them. During the trimming operation, he elevated the bucket and his head contacted a 7,620 volt primary line. The driver below saw a flash and the lineman fell back into the metal bucket. He was wearing a "baseball" cap and not a hard hat. He was not wearing a safety belt and lanyard.

He was lowered by the driver and policeman assigned to the area attempted CPR but the lineman had expired.

The metal bucket became grounded through the attached stringing wire that in turn contacted a guy wire.

Standards Cited Related To The Incident:

1910.67(b)(4)(i)(A)

Aerial lifts were not insulated for the work and were operated near power lines. It did not have a minimum clearance of 10' from the power lines.

1910.67(c)(2)(v)

Body belt not worn and attached with a lanyard to the boom or bucket of aerial lift.

1910.268(i)(1)

The employer did not ensure that head protection meeting the requirements for industrial protective helmets for electrical workers were provided and used.

1910.268(c)

No written record of a training program.

1910.268(b)(7)

Employees stringing steel support wires from an aerial lift approached a primary line closer than 24".



Case Three The driver parked the lift truck in the uphill direction of the inclined street and perpendicular to the transformers on the power pole. He set the emergency brake but did not chock the wheels nor engage the outriggers. As the serviceman (deceased) inspected the transformers from the aerial bucket, the truck began to drift backwards downhill. The driver applied the brakes. However, the lift bucket contacted the transformer crossbar and, by shear weight of the vehicle, twisted the pole approximately 20 degrees compressing the exterior portion of the bucket with enough pressure to shatter it. Debris were scattered approximately 20 feet. The interior bucket section along with the serviceman fell 35 feet to the ground. The remaining boom section caught the transformer guy wire while a bystander attempted to crib the wheels with a steve that brought the truck to a halt. The employee died from multiple injuries. He was not wearing a body belt attached with a lanyard to the bucket or basket.

1910.67(c)(2)(v)

A body belt was not worn with a lanyard attached to the boom or bucket when working from an aerial lift.

1910.67(c)(2)(vii)

Wheel chocks were not installed before using an aerial lift on an incline.

Case Four Employees were engaged in tree trimming operations using a hydraulic operated bucket truck. After arriving at the site one of the employees set up the truck by placing the outriggers. He than mounted the bucket and connected the lanyard to his safety belt. He began to unfold the boom rotating 45° from parallel. When the upper boom was approximately 20° from level, the truck overturned causing the boom and bucket to fall 50' striking the ground. The employee in the bucket was ejected head first onto the street payment resulting in fatal injuries.

It was determined that immediately after the truck turned over the left outrigger was in the stowed position. Two possibilities were considered: (1) the outrigger was never extended or was partially extended but not to the extent of



leveling the truck, and (2) an employee mistakenly retracted the outrigger.


No citations were issued.

Case Five Two untrained elevated highway construction employees were ascending from ground level to an elevated construction level in the bucket of an articulating aerial boom lift during a night shift. An eighteen wheel truck struck the platform as it swing over the unlighted and poorly marked interstate highway throwing the unbelted employees onto the highway. A second vehicle ran over one employee resulted in death. The second employee was severely injured by the fall and hospitalized.


1926.26

Road construction performed adjacent to interstate at night was without artificial lighting exposing employees to hazards of falls and being struck by traffic.

1926.21(b)(2)

Construction was performed from aerial work platform(s) without the necessary training and education, exposing employees to the hazards of being struck by traffic.

1926.556(b)(2)(v)

Construction was performed from aerial work platform(s) without wearing the required safety belt/lanyard, exposing employee(s) to the hazard of falls.

Controls

Upper controls Upper controls shall be provided at the platform and readily accessible to the operator. With the control box in its normal



position for operation, the controls needs to oriented and move in the approximate direction of the function, which they control. Control boxes not permanently attached shall have their normal location and orientation clearly marked.

The upper directional controls must be continuously activated if used to control any movement of the aerial platform. They must be of the type that automatically return to the "off' or neutral" position when released. All controls must be protected against inadvertent operation and clearly marked.

Lower Controls Lower Controls shall be readily accessible from ground level and shall:

• Override upper controls for powered functions

• Be provided for all powered functions except drive and steering

• Be of the type that automatically return to the off or neutral position when released

• Be protected against inadvertent operation

• Be clearly marked

Emergency Stop Controls The aerial platform must also be equipped with emergency stop devices located at the upper control and lower control stations. These devices can deactivate all powered functions that affect the movement of the platform in the event of an emergency, dangerous situation or dangerous condition. Any aerial platform equipped with a powered elevating assembly must be supplied with clearly marked emergency lowering means that is readily accessible from ground level.

Inspections

Frequent Frequent inspections occur whenever an aerial platform has been in operation for three months or 150 hours of use



which ever comes first. An aerial platform that has been out of service for at least three months must also be inspected.

Inspections are made by a qualified person and includes all items listed by the manufacturer and includes but is not limited to the following:

• All functions and their controls for speed, smoothness, and limits of motion

• Lower controls including the provisions for overriding of upper controls

• All chain and cable mechanisms for adjustment and worn or damaged parts

• All emergency and safety devices

• Lubrication of all moving parts, inspection of filter elements, hydraulic oil, engine oil, and coolant as specified by the manufacturer

• Visual inspection of structural components and other critical components such as fasteners, pins, shafts and locking devices

• Placard, warnings and control markings

Semi-Annual Your company’s semi-annual inspection includes the following:

• Drain, flush and refill the hydraulic system completely

• Check and add oil to gear reducers

• Raise unit off the floor, pull all wheels to inspect and repack bearings

• Check turntable swivel motor belt for wear

• Check collector ring brushes

• Perform all previous periodic inspections found in Appendix A of this document



Workplace Prior to aerial platform use the operator needs to inspect the work area for possible hazards. Examples of work area hazards include but are not limited to the following:

♦ Drop-offs or holes

♦ Bumps and floor obstructions

♦ Debris

♦ Overhead obstructions and high voltage conductors

♦ Hazardous locations

♦ Inadequate surface and support to withstand all load forces imposed by the aerial platform in all operating configurations

♦ Wind and weather conditions

Operator Training When Your company authorizes an individual to operate an aerial platform that individual must receive training in accordance with the manufacturer's operation manual found in Appendix B of this document and requirements listed below before operating the aerial platform.

Operating and emergency controls

Safety devices

Personal protective devices

Air, hydraulic, and fuel systems leaks

Cables and wiring harness

Loose or missing parts

Placards, warning, control markings and operating manual

Outriggers, stabilizers and other structures

Guardrail systems



Operation of Aerial Platforms Before use each day or at the beginning of each shift, the aerial platform shall be given a visual inspection and functional test. It is important to understand that these inspections occur at the beginning of EACH shift. These inspections include but are not limited to the following:

1. Operating and emergency controls

2. Safety devices

3. Personal protective devices

4. Air, hydraulic and fuel system leaks

5. Cables and wiring harness

6. Loose or missing parts

7. Tires and wheels

8. Placards, warnings, control markings, and operating manual(s)

9. Outriggers, stabilizers, and other structures

10. Guardrail system

11. Items specified by the manufacturer

When an aerial platform is used the operator shall ensure:

♦ The aerial platform is operated on a surface within the limits specified by the manufacturer

♦ Outriggers, stabilizers, extendible axles, or other stability enhancing means, are used as required by the manufacturer

♦ Guardrails are installed and access gates or openings are closed per manufacturer's instructions

♦ The load and its distribution on the platform and any platform extension(s) are in accordance with

♦ the manufacturer's rated capacity for that specific configuration



♦ There is adequate clearance from overhead obstructions

♦ The minimum safe approach distances (MSAD) to energized power lines and parts are maintained (see Appendix C of this document)

♦ All personnel on the platform are wearing required PPE at all times

Operator Instructions and Warnings Each operator, to ensure the safe operation of the aerial platform, must perform all inspections and follow all warnings. Common sense and safe work practices are a must during the operation of equipment:

Personnel Footing

Personnel shall maintain a firm footing on the platform floor while working thereon. Use of planks, ladders, or any other devices on the platform for achieving additional height or reach is prohibited.

Precaution for Other Moving Equipment When other moving equipment and vehicles are present, special precautions shall be taken to comply with local ordinances or safety standards established for the workplace. Warnings such as, but not limited to flags, roped off areas, flashing lights, and barricades shall be used.

Reporting Problems or Malfunctions The operator shall immediately report to a supervisor any problems or malfunctions that become evident during operation. Any problems or malfunctions that affect the safety of operations shall be repaired prior to continued use.

If for any reason the platform does not come down when pressure is applied to lowering button, STOP, do not continue pressing the lowering button. Press the raise button until the platform starts up. This situation indicates a bind in the mast. Continued application of pressure to the lowering button draws oil from the hydraulic cylinder and could result in fall.



Reporting Potentially Hazardous Locations The operator shall immediately report to a supervisor any potentially hazardous location(s) (environment) that become evident during operation.

Hazardous Location Operation Operation of aerial platforms that are not approved and marked for operation in a hazardous location is prohibited.

Entanglement Care shall be taken to prevent rope, electric cords, and hoses, etc., from becoming entangled in the aerial platform.

Capacity Limitations Rated capacities shall not be exceeded when loads are transferred to the platform at any height.

Work Area The operator shall ensure that the area surrounding the aerial platform is clear of personnel and equipment before lowering the platform.

Fueling The engine shall be shut down while fuel tanks are being filled. Fueling shall be done in a well-ventilated area free of flame, sparks, or other ignition sources that may cause fire or explosion.

Battery Charging Batteries shall be charged in a well-ventilated area free of flame, sparks, or other ignition sources that may cause fire or explosion.

Improper Platform Stabilization The aerial platform shall not be positioned against another object to steady the platform.



Misuse as a Crane The aerial platform shall not be used as a crane.

Unusual Operating Support Conditions The aerial platform shall not be operated from a position on trucks, trailers, railway cars, floating vessels, scaffolds, or similar equipment unless the manufacturer approves the application, in writing.

Travel Speeds Under all travel conditions, the operator shall limit travel speed according to conditions of ground surface, congestion, visibility, slope, location of personnel, and other factors causing hazards of collision or injury to personnel.

Elevated Driving Requirements Before and during driving while the platform is elevated, the operator shall:

(1) Maintain a clear view of the path of travel

(2) Maintain a safe distance from obstacles, debris, drop-offs, holes, depressions, ramps, and other hazards to ensure safe elevated travel

(3) Maintain a safe distance from overhead obstacles

Stunt Driving Stunt driving and horseplay is not permitted.

Security The operator shall implement means provided to protect against use of the aerial platform by unauthorized person(s).

Altering Safety Devices Altering or disabling of interlocks or other safety devices shall be prohibited



Driving on Slopes The aerial platform shall not be driven on grades, side slopes or ramps exceeding those for which the manufacturer rates the aerial platform.

Snagged Platform If the platform/basket or supporting assembly becomes caught, snagged, or otherwise prevented from normal motion by adjacent structures or other obstacles such that control reversal does not free the platform, all personnel shall be removed from the platform basket before attempts are made to free the platform using chassis controls.



Appendix A: Inspection Checklists

Daily 1) Check battery for full charge

2) Check all chain and chain rollers to see that they are properly in place

3) Check for damage to lift chains

4) Check hydraulic system for oil leakage

5) Check emergency switch for proper function

6) Check all lights and other warning devices for proper operation

7) Check all coiled cords for damage to rubber and for wear

8) Check all wheels for particles in rubber which has been picked up

Weekly 1) Check water level of battery

2) Check mast for binding and be sure that it runs freely

3) Check and tighten all loose fittings such as camfollowers, guide rollers, etc.

4) Check controls and contactors

5) Lubricate according to lubrication chart

6) Visually check unit for needed repairs, leaks, etc.

7) Perform all items stated in “Daily Inspections”

8) Remove turntable cover plat on the right side of the unit and clean inside chassis tub of all debris, dirt, and obstacles that could interfere with swivel roller surface. Swivel unit as this is being cleaned in order to get entire area



Monthly 1) Electrical System

a) Wiring in General

i) Check and tighten loose terminals

ii) Check horn. Check connection if not working

iii) Check for burned contactor tips

iv) Check contactor and switch connections

v) Tighten contactor tips

vi) Check motors

(1) Inspect commutators and soldered connections

(2) Check for worn brushes

(3) Check for excessive foreign material, carbon dust, etc.

(4) Clean with compressed air

(5) Check brush holders for clearance and spring tension

vii) Check for insulation short circuits

viii) Check speed limit switch for adjustment

2) Mechanical System

a) Lubricate according to lubricating chart

b) Check and inspect all wheels and casters

i) Tighten all bolts

ii) Check for broken wheels and caster mountings

iii) Inspect tires for steel chips, flat spots, wire, etc.

c) Check mast assembly



i) Adjust guide rollers at top of mast sections if necessary

ii) Remove old lubricant from inside the mast channels. Re-lubricate as per lubrication chart

iii) Tighten all bolts and nuts

iv) Inspect all lift chains, anchors, and rollers

v) Be sure al lift chains are tight

vi) Check all chain anchor pins

vii) Check for excessive scoring of mast channel

d) Braking system

i) Adjust if necessary for wear

ii) Inspect for freedom of movement in linkage, springs, etc.

e) Remove inspection plate from rear of chassis. Check drive chains for adjustment

3) Hydraulic System

a) Check pump for leakage

b) Check and tighten all hydraulic lines and fittings

c) Check flexible hose assemblies for excessive chafing or wear

d) Cylinder

i) Check for excessive oil seepage around packing

ii) Check for scored or damage piston

e) Fill hydraulic reservoir if necessary

f) Check for proper overloading by-pass on platform. Should be plus or minus 25 pounds as listed on the unit nameplate.

g) Perform all items stated in “Weekly Inspection”



Semi-annual 1) Drain, flush and refill hydraulic system completely

2) Check and add oil to gear reducers

3) Raise unit off the floor. Pull all wheels, inspect and repack bearings (CAUTION should be taken not to apply too much grease as it could interfere with the brake lining and shoes)

4) Check turntable swivel motor belt for wear

5) Check collector ring brushes

6) Perform all previous periodic inspections

7) Establish a regular schedule for periodic lubrication



Appendix B: Operating Instructions

Preliminary Comments 1) Read manual thoroughly before using equipment.

2) Keep battery charged at all times in order to eliminate malfunction.

3) Do not use as a crane or otherwise. This unit has been designed for manlift only.

4) Do not try to operate more than one control at one time.

5) Always use clean, non-foaming hydraulic fluid.

6) Hydraulic pump has by-pass designed to operate when excessive loads are on platform. Do not tamper with by-pass setting.

7) Note platform capacity on nameplate. Do not overload.

8) If for any reason unusual heat conditions are noticed in the wiring, check immediately. Do not operate until condition is corrected. Usually due to loose connection or operating unit with brake set.

9) Emergency down is provided on the turntable side when needed.

10) Do not elevate platform while unit is on a ramp or incline.

11) If truck is equipped with a battery, be sure it is fully charged and properly installed. Keep electrolyte at proper level.

12) Careful, sensible operation of the unit will lengthen its life, in good performance, and hold repair and maintenance costs to a minimum. A short acquaintance with the unit’s normal, smooth operation will enable the operator to recognize unusual vibrations, noises, or sluggish reaction to controls. Such unusual conditions should be reported immediately to the proper authority; they may indicate loose, worn, or broken parts that can quickly be repaired at the time, but might result in costly damage if not attended to promptly.



13) Only authorized persons should be permitted to operate truck. Be certain all operators are thoroughly familiar with its operation.

14) Periodic inspection, lubrication, and care as outlined in “Maintenance Section” should be strictly adhered to in order to insure long life and eliminate unnecessary and costly repairs.

15) Observe traffic rules. Be alert at intersections. Use horn when necessary.

16) Keep your eyes on the walkway and your mind on your own business. Do not daydream.

17) Go slowly around corners.

18) Be careful on ramps.

19) Take it easy over railroad tracks and other rough areas.

20) Watch out for pedestrians.

21) Keep alert for overhead obstacles. Be cautious and observant when you are approaching overhead clearances.

22) Watch for obstacles when lowering platform over equipment.

23) If for any reason platform doesn't come down when pressure is applied to lowering button, STOP, press raise button until platform starts up. DO NOT CONTINUE TO APPLY PRESSURE TO LOWERING BUTTON WHEN NO DOWNWARD MOVEMENT OCCURS. This situation indicates bind in the mast. Continued application of pressure to lowering button draws oil from hydraulic cylinder and could result in fall.

Before Operating Unit 1) Install battery if not furnished with unit. Battery should be

installed with 20” leads to be outside of the battery compartment. Plug in battery so that leads reach over the top of the battery to receptacle on turntable. Battery bracket (u-bolt) is provided for securing battery in compartment. NOTE: if battery is furnished with unit, plug in as described above.



2) The truck is completely lubricated before shipment from the factory. As a precaution, inspect all lubricated points shown on the lubrication chart or schedule and lubricate where needed.

3) The key switch must be turned to the “on” position to operate truck. Test the operation of all the controls for proper operation.

4) This unit is an electrically powered unit and is operated entirely from the platform.

Operator’s Position 1) The correct position of the operator is standing on the

platform facing the control panel. You will note that the steering wheel is at easy access to the right hand. Directional drive controls are plainly marked as a selector switch on the panel (forward-reverse).

2) The brake release or accelerator pedal is located in the right front corner of the platform floor and is operated by depressing with the right foot slightly. Further acceleration is acquired by depressing foot pedal to its maximum. Detailed operation of all controls is found I the following paragraphs. CAUTION: Operators should familiarize themselves with all controls before starting any motions.

Steering 1) Operate steering manually with platform down and in

travel position only. That is, with the platform with operator positioned over the drive motors (straight end of chassis)

2) Steering is controlled by turning the steering wheel in the direction you desire to turn the unit. This is acquired through a series of chain and sprockets to the center steering shaft, through the chassis, then another chain and sprocket series to the front center steering shaft. Steering tie rods are attached to the center steering shaft on one end and the steering caster on the other. Steering casters are located under the chassis front (curved end).



Traveling A foot pedal is located in the right front corner of the platform floor and is operated by depressing with the right foot. This releases the dead man type brakes and produces slow speed. Further depression of this foot pedal produces fast speed.

NOTE: Before depressing foot pedal select the direction of travel by turning the selector switch located on the control panel to forward or reverse. It is recommended that when at all possible, fast speed should be used. Unit must be brought to a complete stop before reversing directions.

Braking To brake unit, remove foot from brake release or accelerator pedal on the platform. Brake is a dead man type. That is, depress pedal, release brake; release pedal, apply brake.

Elevating and Lowering Operator buttons are provided for raising and lowering of the platform. These are located on the platform control panel.

1) Depressing the “raise” button energizes the hydraulic pump motor, which pumps the oil into the cylinder.

2) Depressing the “lower” button energizes the coil of the solenoid valve causing the valve to open thus releasing the hydraulic oil from the cylinder.

NOTE: Located on the side of the turntable is a button for lowering the platform from the floor. This should be used for emergency purposes only, such as, operator getting sick or is injured while elevating and cannot operate the unit him or herself. This button is energized even though the emergency button would have been depressed.

Platform Swiveling The operator buttons labeled “right” and “left” controls this. Depressing either of these buttons energizes the swivel motor, which in turn rotates the input shaft of the gear reducer. The output shaft is connected to the swivel bearing by means of sprockets and chain. This allows the platform continuous 360o rotation in either direction.



Ignition The “Off-On-Start” key switch turns the unit on and off and locks the unit against possible use by unauthorized personnel. The Key is removable only in the off position. Turn the key to the far right hand position and release. This completes the electrical circuits between the battery and controls, thus allowing the unit to start operating.

Horn Button The horn button is mounted on the front face of the platform control panel. This can be used as a warning while traveling, raising, lowering or swiveling.

Emergency Stop Button In case of an emergency this button should be pushed. Momentary contact will cut off all power to the unit controls. It is located on the right side of the control panel within easy access of the operator. It provides a means of stopping movement of the unit by short-circuiting and controls all current entering the control panel, thus, will kill all power to the controls instantly. To restore power, turn the key to the far right position and release.

NOTE: all push buttons are momentary contact, oiltite and will energize circuits only as long as they are depressed.

Operating Tips A. Always operate on relatively level surface when elevating

platform. Do not attempt to elevate and use this machine on grades or ramps.

B. Charge battery regularly or when not in use. At the end of each work shift operation is a good policy to follow. When in doubt take a hydrometer reading. Follow instructions of the battery manufacturer for specific gravity readings. Operating this unit with a fully charged battery will give you maximum performance.

C. Lubricate according to conditions and recommendations.

D. If unusual heat conditions are noticed in the wiring, check immediately. Do not operate until condition is corrected.



A loose connection in the wiring generally causes this condition.

E. If for any reason the platform does not come down when “lowering” button is pressed, stop, and press the “raise” button immediately until the platform starts up. Do not continue to depress “lowering” button when no downward movement occurs. This indicates a bind and continued pressure on the “lowering” button drains oil from the cylinders and could result in a fall. NOTE: If mast is in a bind, go up a short distance, then try lowering again. If platform still will not lower, repeat several times. If after two or three repeats call for assistance. Always keep tension on lift chains.

F. If the unit fails to travel, the following observation should be noted:

1) Platform must be totally lowered before unit will travel.

2) Power must be turned “on” at key switch.

3) Emergency button may have been pushed, so be sure to re-engage key switch.

G. If platform fails to elevate, the unit could be overloaded. Check unit nameplate for maximum capacity. By-pass is preset and should not be tampered with.

H. If platform fails to swivel refer to Maintenance Tips.

I. Looseness in the swivel mechanism is generally due to slack in the swivel chain. Gearbox should be shifted to take up this slack.

J. Unit steers backwards when platform is not in correct travel position. Swivel platform 180 degrees.



Appendix C: MSAD Minimum Safe Approach Distance

VOLTAGE RANGE (Phase to Phase)

MINIMUM SAFE APPROACH DISTANCE

(Feet) (Meters)

O to 300V Avoid Contact

Over 300V to 50KV 10 3.05

Over 50KV to 200KV 15 4.60

Over 200KV to 350KV 20 6.10

Over 350KV to 500KV 25 7.62

Over 500KV to 750KV 35 10.67

Over 750KV to 1000KV 45 13.72




Documents

Lesson 10 Elevated Working Platforms