Lesson 11

Course ReviewCourse ReviewPractice, practice, practicePractice, practice, practice

• Describes repeated and usual actions.

• Expresses laws and generalizations.

Present Simple

Examples:

a)The sun rises in the east.

b) I work for the government.

c)You are always late to class.

d)I live in a house with a garden.

Describes actions in progress.

Present Progressive

Examples:

a)It’s raining outside.

b)I’m working on a secret project.

c)Panda bears are becoming extinct.

1. They ____ _____ this film three times this week. (show)

2. Maria ____ _____ _______ from Puerto Rico. (just/

arrive)

3. I ____ ____ ________ ____. (not finish / yet)

4. ____ you _______ _____ this movie? (see / already)

5. Tony _____ _____ ______ his true love. (just / find)

6. She ____ ____in New York since she got married.

(live)

Present Perfect We use the present perfect when:The time period is not finished-Time is not mentioned We make an announcement-An action started in the

past and is still relevant.

We use the Present Perfect Continuous when:• we want to emphasize the action.• an action is finished and we can see the results.

Present Perfect Continuous

1. We ____ ____ ________ very hard for the race. (practice)

2. She ____ _____ ________ television all day. (watch)

3. He ___ ____ ________ the piano for more than a year. (play)

1. The Russian team ________________ (practice) for years but they _________________(never / qualify) for the finals.

2. They ________________(argue) about this for months and they still ________________ (not come) to a decision.

3. Our electricity bill is high because we _________________ (sleep) with the A/C on all summer.

4. What _______________ (do) to your hair? I ______________ (try) to guess for the last half-hour.

5. The TV channel ________________ (show) this series for months, but I still ________________ (see) it.

Simple or Continuous?

Past Perfect

1. The judge ______________ all the evidence in the case even before the trial _______. (already see / begin)

2. The jury ___________for hours before they ________ to convict the accused. (deliberate / decide)

3. When he ________ that the witness _______ on the stand, he ________ his plea to guilty as charged. (find out / lie / change)

4. The press _____________ that he would be convicted, but the jury __________ the suspect. (be sure / acquit)

Indicates an action that occurred before one in the past.

Real Conditional

Describes something that is always true, if or when something else happens.

Examples:If we recycle paper, we can save trees.When we recycle paper, we save trees.

Exercises

1. If you eat fatty foods, __________________.2. When it rains, _______________________.3. If I drink alcohol, __________________.4. Whenever we can,

_________________________.5. When the government raises taxes,

___________ _____________________.6. Unless I’m too tired, I always

________________.

The 1st ConditionalWe use the First Conditional to talk about something that is likely to happen in the future if the condition is fulfilled.We can use different Present forms in the conditional (If) clause.We can use different Future forms and modal verbs in the future clause.

Examples:If you study you will get good grades.If you’re going to Paris, you must see the Eiffel Tower.Unless you have already read the book, you will really enjoy this movie.

If you agree to my price, _____________.

If you give me a 20% discount, _______________ .

If you buy a big quantity,_______.

Unless you give me a better price, _____________ .

If you order the same quantity next year, ___________.

If you are going to barter like this forever, _________________.

A Business Negotiationsell buy

Unreal ConditionalDescribes a hypothetical or imaginary

situation1. If I _____ computer animation, I ___ ______“King

Kong”.(know / remake)2. I _____ ____ you the moon, if I ____. (give / can)3. If she ________ hard enough, she ____ _______ a

concert pianist. (practice / become)4. If everybody ____ their taxes, the country ______ ___

in better shape. (pay / be)5. If I ___ the lottery I ____ ___a Rolls Royce.

The 3rd Conditional

We use the 3rd conditional to describe an unreal or impossible situation in the past.

Examples:If Mary had not married John, maybe she would have married Peter.Had he been a good pupil at school, he would have been accepted into college.

Exercises

1. I _____ ____ ______ the exam if I ____ ______properly. (pass / study)

2. I ____ ____ ____ the lottery if I ____ ___a ticket. (win / buy)

3. If he ___ ____ more carefully, he ____ ___ ____ ____ ____. (walk / not hurt)

4. If the volcano ____ ___ ______, we ____ ____ _______ _____________to Iceland. (not erupt / travel)

5. ___ they ____ ______ good manners, they _____ ____ _____ ____ ______ out of the restaurant. (teach / notthrow – passive voice)

Review exercises – use “if, when, whenever, provided, unless, as long as” and reverse clauses or verbs

1. ____ I ___ ___ a girl, I ____ ____ _____ ____ ___ to be an independent woman. However, I had only boys! (have / bring her up)

2. ________you ____ the mechanic, she will not let you have your car.

3. _______ you _____ harder, you ____ ____ _______. (try / succeed)

4. ________ I _______ coffee, I also ______ a piece of cake. (drink / eat)

5. ___________ you _______ your children with love, they _______ to be good people. (raise / grow up)

Review exercises – use “if, when, whenever, provided, unless, as long as” and reverse clauses or verbs1. ____ space exploration ___ ___ successful, then NASA

____ ____ _____ ____________ (not be / closed down)2. I ____ _____ _____ all the data in my computer, ____ I ____

_________ an antivirus program. (lose / not installed)3. ____ he ______ early, he ___________ gym class. (wake

up / miss or not miss)4. ____ I _____ how this would affect you, I _____ ___ ____

____ you. (know / not tell)5. __________ you ____ happy, I ___ happy! (be / be)6. Aborigines ____ __ _____to continue living off the land

_______ the government _____ them big enough territories. (be able to / give)

If I FellThe Beatles

If I fell in love with you,Would you promise to be trueAnd help me understand'cause I've been in love beforeAnd I’ve found that love is moreThan just holding hands

If I give my heart to youI must be sureFrom the very startThat you will love me more than her

Homework

Online Lesson:• Quartet 9

• Grammar•“Mother Knows Best”

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