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8/6/2019 Lesson 1_Socratic Questioning
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SOCRATIC QUESTIONING
A starting point for critical thinking
Lesson 1
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Which is more important?
Questions
Answers
2
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SILENCED?
What if no questions had ever been asked, for example, in Physics or Biology or in any other intellectual field?
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The last time you had to think very hard about something...
Were you asking yourself questions?
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So questioning is the tool...
Questions
Drivethinking
Definetasks
Expressproblems
Delineateissues
Signal realthinking +learning
(c) 2009 Foundation for Critical Thinking.Available from: http://www.criticalthinking.org/articles/the-role-socratic-questioning-ttl.cfm [Accessed 26 November2010]
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Types of questions and their power
Questions ofpurpose
Questions of
infor ation
Questions ofinterpretation
Questions ofassu ption
Questions ofi plication
Questions ofpoint-of-view
Questions of
relevance
Questions ofaccuracy
Questions ofprecision
Questions of
consistency
Questions oflogic
(c) 2009 Foundation for Critical Thinking.Available fro
: http://www.criticalthinking.org/articles/the-role-socratic-questioning-ttl.cf
[Accessed 26 Nove
ber2010]6
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In a nutshell...
Quality ofquestions
Quality ofthe thinking
AnswersA full stopto thought
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WHAT IS SOCRATIC QUESTIONING?
And whats so special about it?
Socrates with Disciples by Raffaello Santi (1483-1520). Available from:http://nibiryukov.narod.ru/nb_pinacoteca/nbe_pinacoteca_philosophers_a.htm [Accessed 3 December 2010]
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Origins ofSocratic Questioning
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Named for Socrates (470-399 B.C.), the Greek
philosopher/teacher, a Socratic approach is
based on the practice of disciplined, rigorously
thoughtful dialogue between two parties. Thedisciplined practice of thoughtful questioning
enables us to examine ideas logically and to
determine the validity of those ideas. Also
known as the dialectical approach, this type ofquestioning can correct misconceptions and
lead to reliable knowledge construction.
(c)
9
e
art
ent of
ysics at Illinois State University
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What is Socratic Questioning?
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` Systematic, focused approach toquestioning
` Disciplined, structured questioning
` Dialogue format:
` Interviewer asks a series of
questions, each building on the
responses provided by the
interviewee
` Serves two main purposes:
` Deconstruct existing knowledge
` Construct new knowledge
What the r
rati adds is
systemati ity, depth,
anda een interest in
assessing the tr th r
plausi ility f things.~ F undati n f r riti al
hinking, 2
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Why use Socratic Questioning?
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` Helps you think critically by focusing explicitly on theprocess of thinking
` Causes you to slow down and examine your own thinking
processes (i.e., reflective thinking)
` Helps you achieve the following learning goals:
Science Education Resource Center @ Carleton College (2010) Why use Socratic Questioning?[online].Available from: http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/socratic/third.html [Accessed 5 December 2010]
Learn to use
scientificpractices of
inquiry
Practise
active, self-driven
learning
Facilitate
inquiry-based
learning
Constructknowledge
Developproblem-solving skills
Improve
long-termretention ofknowledge
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How it works
Socraticquestioning
Deconstructexisting
knowledge
Tests ones truelevel of
understandingof the issue in
focus
Assesses thevalidity of ones
views andbeliefs
Reveals thegaps in onesknowledge;opens ones
mind to otherpossibilities
Constructnew
knowledge
Discovernew/other waysof approaching/
viewing/addressing
problems/issues
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Types ofSocratic Questions
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Types ofSocratic Questions
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Questions forclarification
Questions aboutthe initial
question or issue
Questions thatprobe
assumptions
Questions thatprobe reasons and
evidence
Questions aboutorigin or source
Questions aboutviewpoints and
perspectives
Questions thatprobe
implications and
consequences
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Preparing for a Socratic Dialogue
How do you use the Socratic questions in a dialogue?
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Heres an example of a dialogue...
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` What is your favourite music video(MV) which is based on a social
cause?
` Why?
` Why was the MV written?
[INITIAL QUESTION/PURPOSE]
` Could you elaborate on _____?
[ISSUE]
` Whose point(s) of view is/are
presented? [Or, which interest
group do the singers represent?]
[VIEWPOINTS &
PERSPECTIVES]
` What are the singers assumingwhen they did this MV?
[ASSUMPTIONS]
` What are the possible
consequences of the issues as a
result of this MV?[IMPLICATIONS &
CONSEQUENCES]
` What evidence was presented?
[REASONS &
EVIDENCE/DATA]