Lesson 2-1 Earth’s Crust Motion

Natalie Corona

Carina Ordaz

Valery Ibarra

12/11/07

Stress & Tension

Forces that change the shape size and volume.

Makes rock stretch and thin.

Strike-slip fault &Footwall

o Type of fault that slips past each other

oThe lower half of a fault

Folds & Earthquakes

• Rock bent were earth’s crust is compressed

• Stress released and causes disaster

Shearing & Fault

Stress that pulls rock opposite directions

A each other break in A each other break in earths crust were rock earths crust were rock slips pastslips past

Hanging Wall & Fault Block Mountain

A rock that forms a upper half of a fault

• Mountains that forms were normal faults up lift a block of rock

Plateau & Deformation

Landform that has a less or more level surface and is sea level elevated

A change in shape or volume

Compression & Normal Fault

• Pushes its self and breaks

• Type fault were hanging of wall down by tension in the crust

Reverse Fault & Anticline

Type of fault were hanging wall is up

A fold upward in rock made by compression of earths crust

Syncline

A fold downward in rock made by compression of earths crust

Stress in the Crust

• Earthquake is the shaking in trembling that results from movement beneath earths surface

• Plates create powerful forces that squeeze or pull the rock in the crust

Types of Stress

• Three different kinds of stress occur in the crust the stresses are shearing ,tension and compression

• Forces that cause some rock become brittle and snap

• Stress pushes a mass of rock in two opposite direction is called shearing

Type of Stress (Continued)

• Shearing causes to change shape

• Tension pulls on the crust stretching rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle

• Tension is like pulling apart a piece of warm bubble gum

• Tension occurs when two plates move apart

Types of stress (continued)

• Compression squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

• Any change of volume or shape is called deformation

Kinds of Faults

• When enough stress builds up in rock,the rock breaks creating a fault

• The rocks on both sides of a fault can move up or down or side ways

• Faults usually happen by plat boundaries were the forces of plate movement compress, pull,shears the crust so much that the crust breaks

Kinds of faults (continued)

• Tension forces in earths crust caused normal fault

• When movement occurs along a normal fault

• Shearing creates strike-slip faults

• Compression forces produce reverse fault

Fiction Along Faults

• Fiction exists because surfaces are not perfectly smooth

• Where friction is high the rocks lock together and do not move

• In this case stress builds enough to overcome friction force

Mountain Building

• Where two plates move away from each other tension forces creates a lot of normal faults

• When a block of rock lying in the middle of two normal faults slides downward a valley forms

• California Central Valley was made when crust along the western side of the fault block dropped down

Mountain Building(continued)

• The plate movement causes the plate to fold

• Folds are bends in rock that form when compression shortens and thickness part of earths crust

• Collisions of two plates can cause compression on folding of the crust

•

Mountain Building (continued)

• Some of the worlds largest mountain ranges are Himalayas which is located in Asia and the Alps which is in Europe

• Collisions can also lead to earthquakes because folding rock can fracture and produce faults

• A fault is a break in earths crust were slabs of rock slip past each other

Mountain BuildingMountain Building

• Geologist use the terms anticline Geologist use the terms anticline and syncline to describe upward and syncline to describe upward and downward folds in the rockand downward folds in the rock

• A fold in rock that bends upward A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch is an anticlineinto an arch is an anticline

• Anticline and syncline are found on Anticline and syncline are found on many parts of earths surface where many parts of earths surface where compression forces have folded in compression forces have folded in the crustthe crust

Mountain Building Mountain Building (Continued)(Continued)

• One example of an anticline is the black One example of an anticline is the black hills of South Dakota over millions of hills of South Dakota over millions of years a variety of process wore down years a variety of process wore down and shaped the rock of this anticline and shaped the rock of this anticline into the black hillsinto the black hills

• The Illinois basin is a syncline that The Illinois basin is a syncline that stretches from the western side of stretches from the western side of Indiana about 250 kilometers across the Indiana about 250 kilometers across the state of Illinoisstate of Illinois

Mountain Mountain Building{continued}Building{continued}

• The basin is filled with soil and The basin is filled with soil and rock that have accumulated rock that have accumulated over millions of yearsover millions of years

Mountain Mountain Building{continued}Building{continued}

• The forces that raise The forces that raise mountains can also raise mountains can also raise plateausplateaus

• Some plateaus form when Some plateaus form when vertical faults push up a large vertical faults push up a large flat block of rockflat block of rock

• Today much of the plateau lies Today much of the plateau lies more than 1,500 meters above more than 1,500 meters above sea levelsea level

I learnedI learned

• In this lesson I learned that their are In this lesson I learned that their are three types of stress .They are three types of stress .They are shearing,tension, and compression.shearing,tension, and compression.

• I also learned about Anticline and I also learned about Anticline and Syncline. Anticline is like a hill and Syncline. Anticline is like a hill and Syncline is like a ditch.Syncline is like a ditch.

• An other thing I learned is that we An other thing I learned is that we have a fault surrounding the whole have a fault surrounding the whole world.And that there are three world.And that there are three different kinds of faults {strike-slip, different kinds of faults {strike-slip, normal, and reversenormal, and reverse

Science

Grade Rubricfor Natalie Corona

• Presentation has title, mentions member’s Presentation has title, mentions member’s names, and includes a complete date.names, and includes a complete date.

• Topic slides are well thought out, informative, Topic slides are well thought out, informative, full of details, and demonstrate a deep full of details, and demonstrate a deep understanding of the subject.understanding of the subject.

• Presentation is very creative, animated, and Presentation is very creative, animated, and uses many of the formatting techniques learned uses many of the formatting techniques learned in class.in class.

• Student helped gather the information, Student helped gather the information, cooperated with the formatting, and helped the cooperated with the formatting, and helped the group stay focused by avoiding off-task group stay focused by avoiding off-task behavior.behavior.

» TOTAL:TOTAL:

33 3 3

2020 1818

1010 1010

77 66

4040 3737

Science

Grade Rubricfor Carina Ordaz

• Presentation has title, mentions member’s Presentation has title, mentions member’s names, and includes a complete date.names, and includes a complete date.

• Topic slides are well thought out, informative, Topic slides are well thought out, informative, full of details, and demonstrate a deep full of details, and demonstrate a deep understanding of the subject.understanding of the subject.

• Presentation is very creative, animated, and Presentation is very creative, animated, and uses many of the formatting techniques learned uses many of the formatting techniques learned in class.in class.

• Student helped gather the information, Student helped gather the information, cooperated with the formatting, and helped the cooperated with the formatting, and helped the group stay focused by avoiding off-task group stay focused by avoiding off-task behavior.behavior.

» TOTAL:TOTAL:

33 3 3

2020 1818

1010 1010

77 55

4040 3636

Science

Grade Rubricfor Valery Ibarra

• Presentation has title, mentions member’s Presentation has title, mentions member’s names, and includes a complete date.names, and includes a complete date.

• Topic slides are well thought out, informative, Topic slides are well thought out, informative, full of details, and demonstrate a deep full of details, and demonstrate a deep understanding of the subject.understanding of the subject.

• Presentation is very creative, animated, and Presentation is very creative, animated, and uses many of the formatting techniques learned uses many of the formatting techniques learned in class.in class.

• Student helped gather the information, Student helped gather the information, cooperated with the formatting, and helped the cooperated with the formatting, and helped the group stay focused by avoiding off-task group stay focused by avoiding off-task behavior.behavior.

» TOTAL:TOTAL:

33 3 3

2020 1818

1010 1010

77 55

4040 3636

Science

Teacher Notes• Excellent use of images to describe your vocabulary words.Excellent use of images to describe your vocabulary words.

• Great use of formatting.Great use of formatting.

• Some details are weak and needed more thought.Some details are weak and needed more thought.

• Some spelling and grammatical errors.Some spelling and grammatical errors.

• Nice job including all of your main ideas and vocabulary words.Nice job including all of your main ideas and vocabulary words.