Lesson 2 -------improving fluency,coherence and presentation

Do you think it is hard to learn English ?

FluencyDisfluency

What do you need to be a fluent English speaker ?

Three factors contribute to English fluency :

Practice:合理有效的练习量Vocabulary：基础的单词积累Signposting ：指示句型的准备

1.Practice:Fire Balloon Debate

2.vocabulary（ 1）用场景来记忆（ 2）用mind -map来记忆（ 3）用上下文来记忆（ 4）用单词本记录来试试（ 5）用 paraphrase很重要

（ 1）用场景来记忆

As for the vocabulary books

（ 2）用mind -map来记忆

（ 3）用上下文来记忆First of all, learning thousands of characters is achore, and there's nothing for it but to learn them by heart.

首先，学习几千个汉字就是一件苦差事，除了把它们牢记在心之外，没有别的办法。

There + be + nothing for it but … can be used before a noun clause to emphasize that this is the only possible choice or course of action. Note that the expression is followed by the infinitive form of a verb.

More

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

（ 4）用单词本记录来试试

As for the Apps ：

As for the Apps ：

Definition of paraphrase：A restatement of a text or passage giving the meaning in another form, as for clearness; rewording.

句型包括：

Let me rephrase that......Or ,more accurately ,What I mean is that ......Or to put it another way ......

（ 5）用 paraphrase很重要

举例的英语表达有： for instance; take...... for example for example; such as; like; give an example; let's say; in other words; explicitly ...

举个栗子！

Fluency and Coherence:

Signposting ：指示句型的准备

做 presentation，我们要注意对话题的准备以及态度和身体语言等等，除此之外，我们还应该掌握一些常用句型。

开场句子：

1. Right, let’s get started.2. Let me introduce myself.3. I’ve divided my presentation into three main parts.4. Just to give you a brief overview.

5. I’ll be saying more about this in a minute.6. I’m sure the implications of this are clear to all of us.7. There’s an important point to be made here.8. OK, let’s move on. (go on to make your next point)9. As you can see, the figures speak for themselves.10. To go back to what I was saying earlier.12. I’d like to look at this in more detail.13. Let’s put this into perspective. (to explain it this way)14. Perhaps I should expand on that a little.15. To digress for a moment? (to depart from your plan)

主体部分句型：

16. So, to sum up?17. That brings me to the end of my talk.18. Thank you. I’m sure you all have lots of questions.19. Are there any questions you’d like to ask ?

结尾部分句型：

Fluency and Coherence:

CoherenceThe key indicators of coherence are logical sequencing of sentences, clear marking of stages in a discussion, narration or argument, and the use of cohesive devices(e.g. connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) within and between sentences.

连贯性问题：

1. 连接词很有限：不知道怎么开头？不知道怎么表达 " 然后 " ?

2. 表达似乎流畅 ，其实不能控制语速，发音含糊不清。例如： Where did you go last summer vacation ？ I went to Kazakhstan [ˌkæzək'stæn] 哈萨克斯坦

Fluency and Coherence:连贯性问题解决方法：1. 连接词很有限：（ 1 ）避免老是用“ I think” 开头，可以选择的短语： When it comes to Speaking of In terms of Talking about As for（ 2 ）避免老是用“ and” 来连接，可以选择的短语： in addition ， besides ， plus, what's more , apart from that, on top of that, furthermore

2. 不能控制语速请放慢语速，力求表达清楚，可以用一下词汇争取思考时间：That is a tough question.That is an interesting question.It's very difficult for sure, but I guess/ perhaps / it is possibleWell ,let me think for a while, maybe .......

Presentation Practice:

1. Self-introduction2. present your last trip ：Where did you go ?When did you go ?Why did you go there ? Who did you go with ?What did you do ?How did you like this experience ?

Requirement :Use at least three signposting sentences in you presentation .